高中英语必修5重点短语及句型资料.doc

高中英语必修5重点短语及句型

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Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists
Part 1 课文知识点归纳

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1. put forward 提出
put off 推迟
put up with 忍受
2. attend to 照顾, 护理
3. cure sb. of sth 治愈某人某种疾病
a cure for… 治疗…法(药)
4. challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做…
challenge sb. to sth. 就某事向某人挑战
5. be absorbed in 全神贯注于
= concentrate on
6. suspect sb. of sth 怀疑某人做某事
suspect that…
7. blame sb. for sth. 为某事责怪某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
8. link sth to把…与…连接起来, 使…有联系
9. instruct sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
instruct sb in sth 在某方面教导某人
10. be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求
11. lead to 造成, 导致, 通向
12. make sense 讲得通, 有意义
make sense of 了解…的意义, 理解
13. put sth. in order 按…顺序来整理
14. draw a conclusion 得出结论
15. of one’s day 在某人的那个时期
16. expose… to 使显露, 暴露
17. apart from 除…之外
18. be cautious about / of … 对…小心谨慎
with caution 小心谨慎
19. be severe with sb. 对…严厉
20. lift up 举起
21. look into 调查
22. be determined to do sth 决心/ 决定做某事
23. make investigations 进行调查
24. take in 吸收, 欺骗
25. come to an end 结束
26. punish sb for sth. 因某事惩罚某人
27. at times 时而, 不时
28. be for / against 支持/ 反对
29. a link between…and…与…间的联系/关联
30. point of view 观点
31. hold discussions 进行讨论
32. to one’s surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是
33. believe in 信任, 信仰, 相信
34. prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
35. in one’s honor / in honor of sb.
为了纪念某人

句型: 1. It seemed that the water was to blame. be to blame 受责罚 (主动形式表被动)
2. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth done 请某人来做某事 / 遭遇,经历,体验
3. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.
suggest 意为”建议”时, 宾语从句谓语动词应使用虚拟.
4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
suggest 意为”认为, 指出, 提出, 暗示”时, 宾语从句谓语动词则使用陈述语气
5. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
Only + 状语 / 状语从句 位于句首, 主句需用倒装
If only “如果…就好了”, 后接虚拟条件句.
[选词填空]
(1) I wake up ____ the alarm clock rings
(2) _______________ John were here with us!
(3) _______________ I get a job can I have enough money to continue my studies at college.
6. He placed a fix sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
with 的复合结构 (with + 宾语 + 宾补)

Book 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Part 1 课文知识点归纳
1. consist of = be made up of 由…组成
make up 组成, 编造, 化妆
2. get all five questions right
五个问题全答对了
3. divide… into… 把…分成
separate…from 把…分离, 分开
4. refer to 提到,涉及,参考,指的是
5. without conflict 没有纷争
6. in the early / middle / late twentieth century
在二十世纪早期/ 中叶/ 后期
7. break away (from) 脱离
8. to one’s credit 为…带来荣誉, 值得赞扬
9. for convenience 为了方便起见
10. in the 1060s 在十一世纪六十年代
11. find evidence of 找到…的证据
12. keep your eyes open 睁大眼睛
13. make your trip enjoyable and worthwhile
使得你的旅程有趣又值得
14. leave out 省去, 遗漏, 不考虑
15. take the place of = take one’s place 取代…
16. break down 机器损坏, 破坏
17. be unwilling to do… 不乐意做…
18. sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对…熟悉
sth. be familiar to sb. 某物对…是熟悉的
19. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一套有各种现代设施的配有家具的房子
20. be alike in… 在…方面类似
21. pick up 拾起, 养成…习惯, 学到
22. wear the four-hundred-year-old uniform
穿着一件有四百年历史的制服
23. in memory of… 为了纪念…
24. just as… 正当…的时候
25. have a photo taken (have sth. done) 拍照
26. on show 被展出
27. feel / be proud of 为…感到骄傲
28. leave …for… 离开…前往…
29. fall asleep 睡着
30. have problems in doing… 做某事遇到麻烦
31. at one time 曾经
32. break down 打破, 分解
33. be delighted with 对…感到高兴
34. take place 发生,举行
35. at this / that time 在此时/ 在那时
36. at war (with) 处于交战状态
37. be friendly to 对…友好
38. change one’s mind 改变主意
39. be disappointed at 对…感到失望
40. come close to 接近
41. took flight (take flight 703) 逃跑, 飞翔
(乘坐703次航班)
42. start the fire 点火, 放火
43. make into 把…职称, 使…转变为
句型: 1. How long does it take to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport?
it takes sb. sometime to do sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事
2. These cities are not as large as those in China.
A 是B的三倍长: 1) ______________________________________
2) ______________________________________
3) ______________________________________
3. It’s a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
built in the nineteenth century 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰cities
It’s a pity that… “遗憾的是…” 常使用陈述语气; 若是跟虚拟语气, 常表示 “竟然, 居然”等强烈的感情色彩.
[句型翻译] 他错过了这次机会, 真是可惜
_________________________________________________
真可惜, 他竟然错过了这样好的一个机会.
_________________________________________________
4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
Worried about the time available 过去分词短语作原因状语
5. This solid, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.
remained standing 仍旧矗立着, remain 是一个系动词, 表示”一直保持着某种状态”
remain还可以作不及物动词, 意为”剩下, 留下”
6. There followed St. Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.
There followed…接下来的是
7. It seemed strange that the man who has developed communism should have lived and died in London.
It’s strange / natural / important / necessary that + (should do) …

Book 5 Unit 3 Life in the future
Part 1 课文知识点归纳
1. make a deep / strong impression on sb.
给某人留下深刻印象
impress sb with sth = impress sth on sb
使某人记住某事
2. take up 拿起,占用,接受,开始,从事,选修
speed up 加速
sweep up 打扫,横扫,掠过
3. remind sb of sth
使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
remind sb that 提醒某人
4. as a result 结果
5. suffer from 遭受,患…病
6. be similar to 和…相似
7. feel sleepy 感到困倦
8. fall fast asleep 睡得很香
9. the / a lack of 缺乏…
for lack of…由于…的缺乏
be lacking in 缺乏(品质/特点)
lack for…(否定句) 缺乏…
10. in no time / in an instant 很快,立即
11. be back on one’s feet (从病痛/挫折中)复原
12. in all directions 四面八方
13. ab. lose / catch sight of… 看不见/看见
sb / sth be in / out of sight 看得见/看不见
at first sight 第一眼
at the sight of 一看见…就…
14. provide A with B 向A提供B
15. lie relaxed 放松
16. be previous to… 早于
17. have little oxygen left 剩下很少的氧气
have twenty minutes left 剩下二十分钟
18. for health reasons 处于健康原因
19. bend the rules 变通,放宽
20. on earth 究竟,到底
21. be under repair在维修中
22. make adjustments to 调节,适应
23. fasten the safety belt 从…系紧安全带
24. from under the floor 从…下
25. stay long 停留,逗留
26. in space 在太空
27. the up-to-date invention 最新的发明
28. environment friendly 环保
29. dispose of 处理,解决
30. be greedy for / to do sth. 渴望,贪婪
31. programme robots 为机器人设计程序
32. perform tasks 完成工作
33. space settlements 太空定居点
34. have the chance of 有…的机会
35. be described as 被描述为…
36. be equipped with 配备有…
37. without permission 未经允许
38. feed into 输入进…
39. top-of-the-range 最高标准的, 顶级的
40 slide into 溜进,滑进

句型: 1. Below are some of the main aspects of life today.
2. My new surroundings are difficult to tolerate.
3. The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left
as though引导方式状语从句
[句型翻译] 她看起来似乎会把这件事告诉所有人
___________________________________________________
似乎你是对的
___________________________________________________
4. I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market…
when 引导时间状语从句中又包含一个what引起的宾语从句.
即:what looked like a large market 作reach的宾语
5. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
exhausted过去分词在句中作状语, 相当于As I was exhausted.
6. This is similar to the “Jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.
并列分句中包含有句型: It seems (that)…意为”似乎…, 看来…”

Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news
Part 1 课文知识点归纳
1. be delighted at / with sth. 对某事感到高兴
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted + that从句
2. go out on a story 外出采访
3. cover a story 进行新闻采访
4. be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴望某事
5. assist (sb.) in / with sth
帮助/救援/协助某人做某事
assist (sb.) in doing sth
assist (sb.) to do sth
6. concentrate on 集中,全神贯注于
7. have a good nose for 嗅觉灵敏, 善于
8. inform sb of sth 告知某人某事
9. keep sth in mind 记住
10. depend on 依赖,取决于
11. get sth. straight 搞清楚,弄明白
12. accuse sb of sth 因某事而指责或控告某人
13. so as to do sth. 为了做某事
14. stop sb. (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事
15. look forward to (doing) sth 期待某事
16. by accident意外地
17. get / be adsorbed in 专心于…
18. defend sb. against…保卫某人免受
19. by the name of… 名叫
20. set to + n. 着手,开始做某事
set out to do sth. 开始, 着手做某事
set about doing sth.
21. pass sth on to sb. 把某人递给某人
22. last of all 最终
23. make an appointment 约会
make appointments
24. be supposed to 应当,认为必须
25. approve of sb. sth 赞成,称许,批准
26. a trick of the trade 诀窍,窍门
play a trick (tricks) on sb. 捉弄,戏弄某人
27. take notes 记录,记下
28. ahead of 在…前面,先于…

句型: 1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper
never为表示否定含义的副词放在句首引起倒装.
2. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took am amateur course at university to update my skills.
not only…but also…引导的倒装句. not only放在句首,后接句子, 用倒装结构
3. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
Only + 状语(单词/短语/从句)放句首,引起倒装. (若only + 状从, 主句谓语动词倒装)
[句型翻译] 只有你才可以到处走动
________
只有每个人都尽力而为, 我们的城市才会变得更美.
_________________________________________________
4. Here comes my list of dogs and don’ts.
here, there, now, then等副词放在句首用倒装句(完全倒装)
5. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?
当先行词为case, stage, situation, point时, 多用where引导定语从句

Book 5 Unit 5 First aid
Part 1 课文知识点归纳
1. fall in 生病
2. get injured / burned / infected
受伤 / 烧伤 / 受感染
3. do / give / offer first aid to sb.
对某人实施急救
4. if possible 有可能的话
5. be taken from 从...节选
6. act as 充当，担任
7. a barrier against... 抵御...的一道屏障
8. prevent...from doing sth 阻止...做某事
9. sense of touch 触觉
10. a variety of 各种各样的
11. depend on... 取决于
12. within a day or two 在一两天内
13. for a moment 片刻
14. electric shock 触电
15. turn white 变白
16. squeeze out 榨出；挤出
17. over and over again 多次
18. in place 在适当的位置
19. sit up 做起来；迟睡熬夜
20. knock over 撞到；打翻
21. cut off 切掉；使隔绝
22. a number of 许多
23. stick to 坚持；黏在...上
24. apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请...
apply to sth 适用于
apply oneself to 专心从事...
25. make a difference 产生区别，有影响
26. protect...against... 保护...免受...
27. in case 如果；万一；以免
28. after use 使用后
29. out of the reach of sb. / out of one's reach
某人够不着的地方
30. leave sb. alone 让某人独自呆着；不打扰
31. cause a damage to 对...造成损害
32. set...fire on 放火烧
33. in good condition 状况良好

句型: 1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the born.
◇ unless 引导条件状语从句，意思是“除非...如果不”，相当于if not
2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
when在句中是并列连词，意思是“正在这时/那时”，
◇ 常见句型: be doing...when...，正在做...这时...；had done...when...刚做完...这时...；
be about to do...when...就要...这时...；be on the point of doing...when...正要做...这时...
[句型翻译] 正当我在街上乱逛之时, 我看见了一位老朋友.
________________________________________________
我正准备去游泳, 突然我们的向导看见了我并大声叫我.
________________________________________________
3. There is no doubt that John's quick thingking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms. Slades's life.
◇ There is no doubt...(= No doubt that…) 毫无疑问...
[句型翻译] 毫无疑问, 我们将很快实施这个计划.
________________________________________________
4. It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms. Slade's life.
◇本句为强调句型。It is / was+被强调部分+that+句子其余部分