高中英语必修五知识点讲课稿.doc

高中英语必修五知识点精品文档高中英语必修五知识点Unit 1 Great scientists一重点短语1.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平2.absorbinto 吸收，理解接受，吞并 be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于be lost in thought想得出神 沉思于be engaged in 从事于忙于be concentrated on 集中注意力3.make a suggestiongive an advicemake the investigation 4.look into 调查 看 浏览5.slow down 减缓6.relate to 有关 涉及7.link to 有关联系8.die out 灭绝；die of 死于；die from死于9.his career came to an end. 他的事业结束了。10.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病11.make a new career 创立新的事业12.apart from 除了13.two more example =another two另外两个14.make a face 做鬼脸make ones way to 转向 向出发，朝走去make up ones mind下定决心make friendsmake the bedmake sure确定make room for为.腾空间15.lead to 领导16.only 修饰主语不倒装，状语要倒装 If only 但愿 要是 Only if只有.（要倒装） only if you use this way can you 17.make sense 有意义 讲得通in a sense 有点.make sense of 搞清楚 弄明白in no sense 绝不 ；不可能22. at times 时不时 有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是 随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事24.look into 调查25.look ahead 向前看 展望未来look around for 参观 四处看看look away from 把目光从移开look back (at) 回顾 回忆look out (for) 留心 当心look up to 尊敬 钦佩look though 检查 浏览32.go down 下降33.slow down 慢下来 放慢速度33.knock down 击倒34.tear down 拆毁 拆除35.know about 了解；know of 听说过36.pass sth from 从处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过 pass down 把传下去 pass on 传递, 传授37. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法38.put forward 提出建议， 推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨39.by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过 的方法 lose ones way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel ones way 摸索着走 谨慎从事 on ones way to 在去的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法40.put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭 (火) put up 建立; 建造put up with 忍受 41.be expert at/in sth 某方面的专家42.expose A to B 使A暴露于B；A be exposed to B A 暴露于B43.be severe with/on sth 对严格44.be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因责备某人 blame sth on sb 把.归咎于某人45.at ease 舒适 快活 自由自在ease off 减轻痛苦，紧张状态，缓和，放松46.cure sb of sth 治好了某人的病 cure for sth 治疗的方法47.have sb do sth= get sb to do sth 让某人做某事have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth让某人一直做某事二重点语法-过去分词做定语和表语1.English is a widely used language.2.He threw away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。 spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people = the people who are terrified an organized way = a way that is organized affected area 灾区 = the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher = the book which was recommended by the teacher printed articles = articles that are printed1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语 Past Participle as the Attribute 定语 Past Participle as the Predicative 表语1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved3.polluted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。 polluted water = water which is polluted reserved seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的).Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.2）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。The window is broken. 窗户碎了。Dont get so excited. 别这么激动。1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 a moving movie 感人的电影 a moved audience 被感动的观众 boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 developing countries 反展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves 落叶(正在进行) fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成)The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.Unit 2 The United Kingdom一重点短语1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛2.consist of由组成= be made up of；consist in 存在于3.leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏4.divide into 分成pare A with B 与比compare A to B 把A比作B6.prepare to 准备7.work out 做出 解决 设计出 计算出 锻炼开采完 发展 进行work on对.起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于work in 在工作work off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄8.familiar with熟悉9.worried about the time available担心时间不够10.make a list of 列出关于的清单11.on special occasions 在特殊的场合12.the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服定语 不加“s”13.set the world time设置世界时间14.on either side of the line 在线的两端15.fall asleep入睡16.with delight 十分喜悦的17.know about 了解 be known as 作而出名 be known for 因而著名as far as one knows据某人所知19.take the place of = replace代替 = take sbs place代替某人 take place 发生，举行 in place of = instead of 代替20.clarify ones stand/ position 阐明某人的立场clarify matters 澄清真相21.puzzle over 苦思； be in a puzzle about 对不解； 人 puzzled；物 puzzling22.be in/come into conflict with 与冲突/矛盾23.be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事24.attract sb. 吸引某人 attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力25.look around 参观，四处看26.pick up 捡二重点语法-过去分词作宾补用法归纳英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)一过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）Dont leave such an important thing undone.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.二过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：A）表让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做eg: I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受.影响，蒙受. 损失Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2.make+宾语+过去分词,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.I raised my voice to make myself heard.三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如When we got to school,we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.He felt himself cheated.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to his own measure.I wish the problem settled.五、过去分词用在“with +宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.With everything well arranged,he left the office.六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。eg:He didnt notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the window.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the song in English. Unit 3 Life in the future一重点短语1.suffer+pain /lost 遭受疼痛suffer from +illness2.remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事3.as a result单独放句首应道原因状语；as a result of =n./n(短语)4.feel unsettled 感到不安unsettled problem为解决的问题unsettled weather 易变化的天气5.just as 正当6.make the necessary adjustment to做必要的调整（to 介词）7.be back on ones feet 恢复8.a small room nearby for a rest在一个附近的小房子里休息Nearby 做后置定语In the neighborhood 在附近9.press down 向下按压10.fasten the safety belt 系上安全带11.lost sight of 看不见 在视野之外12.at first sight 初次看到 乍一看13.in all directions =in every direction四面八方14.sweep up 席卷15.show sb into 带某人进入16.be made of 由什么制成be made into 制成.be made from由.所制成的 用于原材料不易看出的场合17.provide with 提供18.flash a switch 按下按钮19.switcharound 转变 改变20.on the timetable 在时刻表上21.as if by magic 好像变魔术一样22.slide into 滑进23.run into 偶遇 撞上24.overcome the difficulties 克服困难25.bend ones mind/effort/thought to 集中.做26.bend the rules 放宽规则 通融27.be astonished at对.感到惊讶28.connect to 联系29.a long passage 一个长长的通道30.a desert island 一个荒凉的小岛31.force to do 强迫32.perform task实施任务33.my mind began to wander 我的思维开始遐想34.be greedy for对渴望 贪婪in five days将来five days late 之前二重点语法：过分作状语Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their expertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。Heated , water changes into steam .The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句Moved by what she said ,we couldnt help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。When heated , water can be changed into steam .Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句 Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention .Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴随状语The actress came in , followed by her fans .She sat by the window , lost in thought .5 作让步状语Much tired ,he still kept on working .（Although he was tired ,) he .6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : United we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time,4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home.现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，；而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。 Seeing these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see) 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如： Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态 be lost in be dressed in be interested in be devoted to be supposed to be caught in the rain be seated in be prepared for be determined to2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构 generally speaking一般说来strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说 judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration全面看来例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的动作）Unit 4 Making the news一重点短语1.go out on a article 外出采访2.submit the article 提交文章3.take with戴上4.be eager to do 期待做.5.update my skill更新我的技能