高中英语必修五知识点讲课稿.doc

高中英语必修五知识点

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高中英语必修五知识点
Unit 1 Great scientists
一．重点短语
1.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平
2.absorb…into 吸收，理解接受，吞并
be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于
be lost in thought想得出神 沉思于…
be engaged in 从事于…忙于
be concentrated on 集中注意力…
3.make a suggestion
give an advice
make the investigation
4.look into 调查 看 浏览
5.slow down 减缓
6.relate to 有关 涉及
7.link to 有关联系
8.die out 灭绝；die of 死于；die from死于
9.his career came to an end. 他的事业结束了。
10.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病
11.make a new career 创立新的事业
12.apart from 除了…
13.two more example =another two另外两个
14.make a face 做鬼脸
make one’s way to 转向 向…出发，朝…走去
make up one’s mind下定决心
make friends
make the bed
make sure确定
make room for为...腾空间
15.lead to 领导
16.only 修饰主语不倒装，状语要倒装
If only 但愿 要是
Only if只有...（要倒装）
only if you use this way can you …
17.make sense 有意义 讲得通
in a sense 有点..
make sense of 搞清楚 弄明白
in no sense 绝不 ；不可能
22. at times 时不时 有时
At a time 每一次
From time to time 时而不时的
At one time 曾经一度
For the time being 暂时
Ahead of time 提前
All the time 一直
At all times总是 随时
At any time 无论何时
At no time 决不
Out of time 不合时宜的
23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事
24.look into 调查
25.look ahead 向前看 展望未来
look around for 参观 四处看看
look away from 把目光…从移开
look back (at) 回顾 回忆
look out (for) 留心 当心
look up to 尊敬 钦佩
look though 检查 浏览
32.go down 下降
33.slow down 慢下来 放慢速度
33.knock down 击倒
34.tear down 拆毁 拆除
35.know about 了解；know of 听说过
36.pass sth from… 从…处传来, 传下
pass by 路过, 经过…
pass down 把…传下去
pass on 传递, 传授
37. the way of doing sth = the way to do
做某事的方法
38.put forward 提出建议， 推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨
39.by the way 顺便说
by way of …通过… 的方法
lose one’s way 迷路
no way 没门，别想
feel one’s way 摸索着走 谨慎从事
on one’s way to… 在去……的路上
in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法
40.put away 抛弃;舍弃
put down 写下来; 记入名单
put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加
put off 耽误; 延期
put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭 (火)
put up 建立; 建造
put up with… 忍受…
41.be expert at/in sth 某方面的专家
42.expose A to B 使A暴露于B；A be exposed to B A 暴露于B
43.be severe with/on sth 对……严格
44.be to blame 应该受到责备
blame sb for sth 因……责备某人
blame sth on sb 把...归咎于某人
45.at ease 舒适 快活 自由自在
ease off 减轻痛苦，紧张状态，缓和，放松
46.cure sb of sth 治好了某人的病
cure for sth 治疗…的方法
47.have sb do sth= get sb to do sth
让某人做某事
have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth让某人一直做某事

二．重点语法----过去分词做定语和表语
1.English is a widely used language.
2.He threw away the broken cup.
3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;
过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 灾区
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语
3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语

Past Participle as the Attribute 定语
Past Participle as the Predicative 表语
1.terrified people
1.people who are terrified
2.reserved seats
2.seats that are reserved
3.polluted water
3.water that is polluted
4.a crowded room
4.a room that is crowded
5.a pleased winner
5.a winner that is pleased
6. Astonished children
6.children who look astonished
7.a broken vase
7.a vase that is broken
8.a closed door
8.a door that is closed
9.the tired audience
9.the audience who feel tired
10.a trapped animal
10.an animal that is trapped

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)

及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。
polluted water
= water which is polluted
reserved seats
= the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
= the animal which was trapped

不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。
boiled water
= water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves which have fallen
risen sun
= the sun which has risen

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.
The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.
The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.
The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.
The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.
The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.
The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的).
Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.
The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
2）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
The window is broken. 窗户碎了。
Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。
1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。
2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。
① The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
② The windows are closed.
The windows are closed by Jack.
3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,
surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。
① How did the audience receive the new play?
They got very excited.
② How did Bob do in the exams this time?
Well, his father seems pleased with his results.
③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.
④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．
现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．
a moving movie 　 感人的电影
a moved audience　 被感动的观众
boiling water　 正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiled water　　 已煮沸的水
developing countries 反展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
falling leaves 落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成)
The child standing over there is my brother.
The room facing south is our classroom.
The book written by Lu Xun is very good.
The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.

Unit 2 The United Kingdom
一．重点短语
1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛
2.consist of由…组成= be made up of；consist in 存在于
3.leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏
4.divide into 分成
pare A with B 与…比
compare A to B 把A比作B
6.prepare to 准备
7.work out 做出 解决 设计出 计算出 锻炼开采完 发展 进行
work on对..起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于
work in 在…工作
work off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄
8.familiar with熟悉
9.worried about the time available担心时间不够
10.make a list of 列出关于…的清单
11.on special occasions 在特殊的场合
12.the four-hundred-year-old uniform
有四百年历史的制服
定语 不加“s”
13.set the world time设置世界时间
14.on either side of the line 在线的两端
15.fall asleep入睡
16.with delight 十分喜悦的
17.know about 了解
be known as 作……而出名
be known for 因……而著名
as far as one knows据某人所知
19.take the place of = replace代替 = take sb’s place代替某人
take place 发生，举行
in place of = instead of 代替
20.clarify one’s stand/ position 阐明某人的立场
clarify matters 澄清真相
21.puzzle over 苦思；
be in a puzzle about 对……不解；
人 puzzled；物 puzzling
22.be in/come into conflict with 与…冲突/矛盾
23.be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事
24.attract sb. 吸引某人
attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
25.look around 参观，四处看
26.pick up 捡

二．重点语法----过去分词作宾补用法归纳
英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)
一． 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二．过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：
A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补：　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.

Unit 3 Life in the future
一．重点短语
1.suffer+pain /lost 遭受疼痛
suffer from +illness
2.remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
3.as a result单独放句首应道原因状语；as a result of =n./n(短语)
4.feel unsettled 感到不安
unsettled problem为解决的问题
unsettled weather 易变化的天气
5.just as 正当
6.make the necessary adjustment to做必要的调整（to 介词）
7.be back on one’s feet 恢复
8.a small room nearby for a rest在一个附近的小房子里休息
Nearby 做后置定语
In the neighborhood 在附近
9.press down 向下按压
10.fasten the safety belt 系上安全带
11.lost sight of 看不见 在视野之外
12.at first sight 初次看到 乍一看
13.in all directions =in every direction四面八方
14.sweep up 席卷
15.show sb into 带某人进入
16.be made of 由什么制成
be made into 制成..
be made from由..所制成的 用于原材料不易看出的场合
17.provide with 提供
18.flash a switch 按下按钮
19.switch…around 转变 改变
20.on the timetable 在时刻表上
21.as if by magic 好像变魔术一样
22.slide into 滑进
23.run into 偶遇 撞上
24.overcome the difficulties 克服困难
25.bend one’s mind/effort/thought to 集中..做
26.bend the rules 放宽规则 通融
27.be astonished at对..感到惊讶
28.connect to 联系
29.a long passage 一个长长的通道
30.a desert island 一个荒凉的小岛
31.force to do 强迫
32.perform task实施任务
33.my mind began to wander 我的思维开始遐想
34.be greedy for对…渴望 贪婪
in five days将来
five days late 之前

二．重点语法：过分作状语
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4 作方式或伴随状语
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作让步状语
Much tired ,he still kept on working .＝（Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
• Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home.

现在分词与过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，；而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
• 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
• Used for a long time, the book looks old.
• 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
• 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用
注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态
• be lost in
• be dressed in
• be interested in
• be devoted to
be supposed to
• be caught in the rain
• be seated in
• be prepared for
• be determined to

　　2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构
generally speaking　一般说来
　strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说
　 judging from 从…判断
　 all things considered 从整体来看
　 taking all things into consideration　全面看来
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的动作）

Unit 4 Making the news
一．重点短语
1.go out on a article 外出采访
2.submit the article 提交文章
3.take with戴上
4.be eager to do 期待做..
5.update my skill更新我的技能