大学英语竞赛改错.doc

1.
Until the very latest moment of his existence, man
has been bound to the planet on which he originated and
developed. Now he had the capability to leave that planet S1._______
and move out into the universe to those worlds which he
has known previously only directly. Men have explored S2._______
parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another
planet and possibly within the decade will land into another S3._______
planet and explore it. Can we be too bold as to S4._______
suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet S5._______
within the not - too - distant future ? Some have advocated
such a procedure as a solution to the population
problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But
we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might S6._______
spend in carrying out the project. To maintain the
earth's population at its present level. we would have
to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of
every day of the year.
Why are we spending so little money on space S7._______
exploration ? Consider the great need for improving S8._______
many aspects of the global environment one is surely
justified in his concern for the money and resources
that they are poured into the space exploration efforts. S9._______
But perhaps we should look at both sides of the
coin before arriving hasty conclusions. S10._______

00.6
When you start talking about good and bad manners
you immediately start meeting difficulties. Many
people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a
lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a
well-mannered person on the way they occupied the S1._______
space around them—for example, when such a person
walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of S2._______
others. Such people never bump into other people.
However, a second person thought that this was
more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. S3._______
Instead, this other person told us a story, it he S4._______
said was quite well known, about an American who
had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries S5._______
of the Middle East. The American hasn't been S6._______
told very much about the kind of food he might
expect. If he had known about American food, he S7._______
might have behaved better.
Immediately before him was a very flat piece of
bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin (餐巾). S8._______
Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that it
falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been S9._______
watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied S10._______
the action of his guest.
And that, said this second person, was a fine
example of good manners.

01.6
More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of any  
other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably  
been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of   S1. ________
the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh  S2. ________
deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the   S3. ________
disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the   S4. ________
global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With  
occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and  
infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily   S5. ________
through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the  
introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the  
trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed  
to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers  S6. ________
declared victory and withdrew.  
They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of   S7. _______
infections and deaths started to pick up again around the  
world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in   S8. ________
many places where it had never been away, it grew better.   S9. ________
The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7  
billion people (a third of the earth's population) suffer  
from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was  
falling, population growth kept the number of clinical  
cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around   S10. ________
3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor  
countries.  

02.1
Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting
behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a S1.________
member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into
a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate S2.________
and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. S3._________
To understand how this transformation has taken place we
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5._______
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole
way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became S6.________
chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.
They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers. S7.________
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long S8.________
formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their
improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new S9._______
use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating
their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The
risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10._______

02.6
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which
are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.
Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found
new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1._________
immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity S2._________
which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns
on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were S3._________
on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-
teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4._________
written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico
City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, S5._________
are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today － the S6._________
poor can still be numbered in millions.
The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,
but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a S7._________
promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8._________
and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the S9._________
country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, S10._________
sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.

03.6
The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that　
has recognized the need for change and done something about　
it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity　
of the communities to which they provide information.　
It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk S1._______　
losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support.　
Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial　 S2.________　
minorities, the paper has put into place policies and　
procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The S3._______　 underlying reason for the change is that for information to be　
fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the　 S4._________　
same kind of population that reads it.　
A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and　
photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times'　 S5.________　
content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about　
diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content　 S6.________　
audit(审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of　
representation of woman and people of color in photographs.　 S7._________　
Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too　
infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate
number of negative articles. The audit results from　 S8._____　
improvement in the frequency of majority representation and　 S9.________　
their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a　 S10._______　
result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.　
The diversity training and content audits helped the Seattle　
Times Company to win the Personnel Journal Optimal Award　
for excellence in managing change.　　

03.9
"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude
in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family
house is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great S1._______
importance for many people.
This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,
dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the
American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one's S2.________
family, and started a farm. These small households were portraits of S3.________
independence: the entire family--mother, father, children, even
grandparents—live in a small house and working together to support　 S4.________
each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5.________
cooperation and hard work.
Although most people in the United States no longer live on
farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth　 S6.________
century as it was in the nineteenth.
When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, for S7.________
example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there S8.________
was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically
in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it S9._
satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of　 S10.________
their way of life.　

03.12
Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle of
Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters
have being warning that worldwide famine was just around the S1________
next corner. The fast-growing population's demand for food,
they warned, would soon exceed their supply, leading to S2________
widespread food shortages and starvation.
But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risen
steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots S3________
like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, S4________
the world's food crisis has remained just around the corner.
Most experts believe this can continue even as if the population S5________
doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion
people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental S6________
reasons. Optimists point to concrete examples of continued
improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, S7________
more fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than
double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, rice S8________
experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems S9_________
and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant breeders can
continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most
researchers see their success to date as reason for hope. S10________

04.6
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - the
learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize
a population or society, include the expression of these S1._______
patterns in material things. Culture is compose of non-material S2._______
culture -abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs
and institutional arrangements and material culture -
physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. S3._______
In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything S4._______
we make. In ordinary speech, a person of culture is
the individual can speak another language - the person who S5._______
is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or S6._______
history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured,
because of culture is the common world of experience we S7._______
share with other members of our group.
Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a S8._______
kind of map for relating to others. Consider how you find
your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a
classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who
smiles or laugh at you? S9._______
Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, S10._______
ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.
Therefore, if we know a persons culture, we can understand
and even predict a good deal of his behavior.

05.1
The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-year
campaign to remove leprosy (麻风病) as a world health
problem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of the
WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world has S1._______
been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says S2._______
efforts are continuing to complete end the disease. S3._______
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from
the nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and S4._______
nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent
damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs. S5.________
In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy.
The WHO, governments of countries most affected by the
disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign.
This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they S6._______
are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment.
Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease
that requires life-long treatment