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1、水利水电工程技术术语原则|Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering 水利水电工程勘测|SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEEERING 水利水电工程规划|PLANNING OF HUDROENGINEERING 水工建筑物|HYDROSTRIRUCTURES 水力机械与电气设备|HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQIJIPMENT 水利水电工程施工|CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINERING 工程测量|Engineerin
2、g Survey 工程测量基础|Fundamentals of engineering survey 坐标与高程|Coordinate and elevation 大地水准面|geoid 参照椭球|reference ellipsoid 子午面|meridian plane 子午线|meridian 首子午线|prime meridian 磁子午线|magnetic meridian 地图投影|map projection 地图投影变形|distortion of map projection 地图投影变换|map projection transfromation
3、高斯一克吕格投影(高斯投影)|Gauss-Ku ger projection 中央子午线|central meridian 分带子午线(分界子午线)|zone dividing meridian 高斯投影方向改正(高斯投影曲率改正)|correction for direction in Gauss Projection 高斯投影距离改正(距离改正)|distance correction on Gauss projection 子午线收敛角(高斯平面子午线收敛角)|grid convergence 坐标|coordinate 高斯一克吕格坐标（高斯坐标）|Gauss-Ku g
4、er coordinate 大地原点(大地基准点)|geodetic datum 北京坐标系|Beijing coordinate system 1954 1980年国家大地坐标系|national coordinate system 1954 假定坐标系|assumes coordinate system 1980 独立坐标系|indepeadent coordinate system 方位角|azimuth 磁方位角|magnetic azimuth 坐标方位角|coordinate azimuth 高程|elevation 绝对高程(高程，海拔高度)|absolute
5、 elevation 相对高程(假定高程)|relative elevation 1956年黄海高程系(黄海高程系)|Huanghai elevation system 1956 1985年国家高程基准|national elevation datum 1985 误差与精度|Error and accuracy 真值|true value 最或然值(最或是值，最可靠值，平差值)|most probable value 误差(真误差)|error 绝对误差|absolute error 相对误差|relative error 偶尔误差(随机误差)|accident er
6、ror(random error) 系统误差|systematic error 中误差(原则差，方根差，均方差)|mean square error(standard error) 平均误差|average error 限差(极限误差，容许误差，最大误差)|tolerance 测角中误差|mean square error of angle observation 点位中误差|mean square error of position 精度(精密度)|accuracy 地球弯曲差|error due to curvature of earth 大气折光差|atmospheri
7、c refraction error 球气差|effect of earth curvature and refraction 视差|parallax 消力池|plunge pool 地图|分幅|Sheet Line system 国际分幅| international map subdivision 矩形分幅(正方形分幅，自由分幅)|rectangular map subdivision. 直角坐标网(公里网，方格网)|rectangular grid 图号|map numbering 地物和地貌旳表达|Representation of planimetric f
8、eature and geomorphy 图式|cartographic symbol 图例|legend 地形|land form 地物|planimetric feature 地貌|geomorphy 地性线(地貌构造线，地貌特性线)|orographic character line 山脊线(分水线)|crest line 山谷线(集水线，合水线)|valley line 等高线|contour 等高距(等高线间隔)|contour interval 首曲线(基本等高线)|standard contour 计曲线(加粗等高线)|index con
9、tour 间曲线(半距等高线)|half-interval contour 助曲线(1/4等高线)|supplementary Contour 示坡线|slope indication line 测量仪器|Surveying instrument 电磁波测距仪|E1ectromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI) 电磁波测距仪(物理测距仪)|electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI) 光电测距仪(光速测距仪)|electro-optical dis
10、tance meter(EDM) 红外测距仪(红外光电测距仪)|infra-rad distance meter 微波测距仪|microwave distance measuring instrument 电子速测仪(全站式电子速测仪，自动电子速测仪)|electronic tacheometer 周期误差|cyclic error 幅相误差|amplitude-phase error 电磁波测距误差|error in electromagnetic wave distance measurement 水准仪与经纬仪|Leveland theodolite 水准仪(水平仪)|l
11、evel 激光水准仪|laser level 自动安平水准仪(赔偿器水准仪)|automatic level 视准轴(照准轴)|coolimation axis 水准器分划值(水准器角值，水准器格值)|scale value of level 经纬仪|theodolite 激光经纬仪|laser theodolite 三轴误差|error of three-axix 垂直度盘指标差(指标差，竖盘指标差)|index error of vertical circle 变形观测设备|Instrument of deformation observation 激光准直仪|las
12、er collimator 真空管道激光准直系统|laser alignment system with airless pipe 液体静力水准仪(水管式测斜仪)|hydro-static leveling instrument 垂线观测坐标仪(垂线观测仪)|coordinatograph for plummet observation 其他仪器与器件|Instrument and device other types 平板仪|plane-table 直角坐标仪(坐标展点仪，坐标仪，展点仪)|coodinatograph 曲线仪(里程计)|curvimeter 坐标格网尺(方眼
13、尺)|coordinate grid scale 因瓦基线尺|invar tape 横基尺(基线横尺，夹角尺)|subtense bar 觇牌|target 活动觇牌|moving target 工程测量|Engineering survey 平面控制测量|Horizontal control survey 基本平面控制|basic horizontal control 图根控制(测图控制，地形控制)|mapping control 三角锁|triangulation chain 三角网|triangulation network 三角测量|triangulation
14、三边测量|trilateration 传距边(求距边)|side for transferring length 传距角(求距角)|angle for transferring length 导线网|traverse network 闭合导线(环形导线，回归导线)|closed traverse 附合导线|connecting traverse 导线测量|traverse survey 大地控制点(大地点)|geodetic control point 三角点|triangulation point 导线点|traverse point 图根点(图根控制点，地形控制点)|m
15、apping control point 测量标志|survey mark 测量觇标|observation rover 标石|markstone 视差法测距(基线横尺视差法)|subtense method with horizontal staff 视差角|parallactic angle 方向观测法|method of direction observation 归零差(半测回归零差)|rnisciosure of round 二倍照准差互差(2c互差，2c较差)|discrepancy between twice collimation errors 测回互差(测回
16、差)|discrepancy between observation sets 施工控制网|construction control network 施工坐标系(建筑坐标系)|construction coordinate system 变形观测控制网(监测网)|control network for deformation observation 边角网(边角同测网)|combined network of triangulation and trilateration 直伸三角网|straight triangulation network 秩亏自由网(秩亏网)|free ne
17、twork with rank deficiency 高程控制测量|Vertical control survey 基本高程控制|basic vertical control 水准测量|leveling 跨河水准测量|fiver-crossing leveling 加密高程控制|minor vertical control 三角高程测量(间接高程测量)|trigonometric leveling 三角高程路线(三角高程导线，多角高程导线)|trigonometric leveling line 水准路线|leveling line 水准点|bench mark 测量平差|
18、Adjustment of measurement 测量平差|adjustment of measurement 严密平差|rigorous adjustment 近似平差|approxi mate adjustment 直接平差(直接观测平差)|adjustment of direct observations 间接平差(间接观测平差)|adjustment of observation equations 条件平差(条件观测平差)|adjustment of condition equations 满秩平差|full rank adjustment 秩亏平差(秩亏自由网平差
19、)|rank deficiency adjustment 拟稳平差|quasi-stable adjustment 结点平差|adjustment of junction points 三角锁网平差|adjustment of network of triangnlation chains 导线网平差|adjustment of traverse network 水准网平差|adjustment of leveling network 地形测量|Topographic survey 地形测量|topographic survey 自纸测图|blank paper mappin
20、g 实测放大图|surveyed amplification map 碎部点(地形特性点)|detail point 汇水面积测量(承雨面积测量)|catchment area survey 水下地形测量|underground topographic survey 水库测量|reservoir survey 水库淤积测量|reservoir accretion survey 断面测量|section survey 河道测量|river survey 地质点测量|geololgical point survey 钻孔位置测量|bore-hole position surve
21、y 土地平整测量|survey for land smoothing 土地规划测量|Land planning survey 施工测量|Construction survey. 施工测量|construction survey 施工放样(定线)|setting out for construction survey 角度交会法(前方交会法)|angular intersection method 示误三角形|error angle 微三角形法(单三形法)|exiguous triangle method 贯穿测量|through survey 基本导线|primary tr
22、averse 施工导线|construction traverse 竖并联络测量|shaft connection survey 竖井定向测量|shaft orientation survey 中线测量(定线测量)|center line survey 水库沉没界线测量|reservoir inundation line survey 永久界桩(永久桩)|monumented boundary pag 临时界桩(临时桩)|non-monumented boundary pay 曲线测设(曲线放样)|setting out of curve 竣工测量|finish constr
23、uction survey 安装测量|erection survey 变形观测|Deformation Observation 变形观测|deformation observation 大坝变形观测|dam deformation observation 水平位移观测|horizontal displacement observation 垂直位移观测(沉陷观测，沉降观测)|vertical displacement observation 地壳形变观测(大坝库区地壳形变观测)|observation of earth crust deformation 引张线法|method
24、 of tension wire alignment 持续引张线法|method of continuous tension wire alignment 视准线法|collimation line method 激光准直法|method of laser alignment 波带板激光准直(波带板准直，三点准值法)|laser alignment with zone plate 小角度法|minor an method 正锤线观测(正锤法)|plumb line observation 倒锤线观测(倒锤法)|inverse plumb line observation 水平位
25、移工作点|operative mark of horizonta1 displacement 水平位移基点|datum mark of horizontal displacement 垂直位移工作点|operative mark of vertical displacement 垂直位移基点|datum mark of vertical displacement 双金属标|bimetal benchmark 摄影测量|Photogrammetric survey 摄影测量基础|Fundamentals of photogrammetry 摄影航高|photographic fly
26、ing height 立体像对|stereopair 理想像对(原则像对)|ideal photopair 摄影基线|photographic base line 航向重叠(纵向重叠)|longitudinal overlap 旁向重叠(横向重叠)|lateral overlap 航空像片(航摄像片，航片)|aerial photograph 像片比例尺|photographic scale 像幅|picture format 摄影测量仪器|photogrammetry instrument 立体坐标量测仪|stereocomparator 立体测图仪(精密立体测图仪)|
27、stereoplotter 解析测图仪|analytical stereoplotter 立体量测仪(地形立体量测仪)|stereometer 投影转绘仪(投影器)|sketch projector 正射投影仪(正射投影装置)|orthophoto instrument 纠正仪|rectifier 摄影经纬仪|phototheodolite 航空摄影仪|aerial photographic camera 转点仪|point transfer instrument 电子印像机|electronic printer 摄影测量|Photogrammetric survey 摄
28、影测量|photogrammetric survey 航空摄影|aerophotography 航空摄影测量(航空测量)|aerophotogrammetry 外方位元素|elements of exterior orientation 内方位元素|elements of interior orientation 上下视差(纵视差，竖直视差，y视差)|vertical psrallax 左右视差(横视差，水平视差，x视差)|horizontal parallax 像片控制点|photo control point 像片判读(像片判释)|photograph interpreta
29、tion 像片调绘|phototgraph identification 调绘像片|identified photograph 解析空中三角测量|analytical aerial triangulation 相对定向(像对相对定向)|relative orientation 绝对定向(大地定向)|absolute orientation 像片纠正|photo rectification 分带纠正|zonal rectification 仿射纠正(倾斜面纠正)|affine rectification 正射投影技术(缝隙纠正，微分纠正)|orthophototechnique
30、 (differential rectification) 像片平面图|photographic plan 综合法测图(航测综合法)|photo- planimetric method mapping 全能法测图|universal method mapping 分工法测图(微分法测图)|differential method mapping 变换光束测图|affine plotting 数字化测图|digitized mapping 数宇地面模型|digital terrain model(DIM) 地面立体摄影测量|terrestrial stereophotogramme
31、try 非地形摄影测量|non-topographic photogrammetry 近景摄影测量|close-range photogrammetry 等值线图|isoline map 5 遥感技术|Remote sensing technology 5.1 遥感基础|Fundamentals of remote sensing 遥感|remote sensing 航天遥感(星载遥感)|space remote sensing 航空遥感(机载遥感)|aerial remote sensing 积极遥感(有源遥感)|active remote sensing 被动遥
32、感(无源遥感)|passive remote sensing 大气窗口|atmospheric window 传感器(遥感器，遥感装置)|sensor 遥感台(遥感平台，传感台)|remote sensing platform 侧视雷达|side-looking radar 遥感信息|remote sensing information 光谱反应(光谱响应)|spectral response 像元(影像单元，像点)|pixel 地面辨别力|ground resolution 遥感仪器|Remote sensing immanent 多波段扫描仪(多光谱扫描仪)|multi
33、band scanner 扫描测微密度计(显微密度计)|scanning micro densitometer 密度分割仪|density slicet 彩色合成仪(加色法观测仪)|colour additive viewer 遥感图像处理与解译|Processing and interpretation of remote sensing images 遥感图像(遥感影像)|remote sensing image 彩红外片|infrared colour film 卫星像片(卫星图像，卫片)|satellite photograph 图像处理|image processin
34、g 数字图像处理|digital image processing 图像几何校正|geometrical correction d image 假彩色合成(多软片法，彩色合成)|false color composite 密度分割|density slicing 彩色增强|color enhancement 图像增强|image enhancement 边缘增强(浮雕图象)|edge enhancement 反差增强|contrast enhancement 比值图像(比值影像)|ratio image 变换检测图像(差异图像)|change-detection imag
35、e 图像识别(图形识别，模式识别)|imagery recognition 目视解译(目视释译)|visual interpretation 地图编绘与制印|Map compilation and reproduction 地图|Map 地图|map 一般地图|general map 专题地图(专门地图，主题地图，特种地图)|thematic 地形图|topographic map 影像地图|photomap 系列比例尺地形图|systematic scale topographic map 地图编绘|Map compilation 地图编绘(原图编绘)|map com
36、pilation 网格法(拉网法，图解纠正法)|method of grid 晕渲法(阴影法)|hill shading method 分层设色法|hypsometric method 素图|simple map 制图综合|cartographic generalization 地貌综合|cartographic generalization of relief 地图整饰|map appearance 编稿法|compilation method 编绘原图|compilated original map 地图清绘|map fair drawing 出版原图(印刷原图，清绘
37、原图)|publication original map 图历簿(图历表)|file of map 系列成图|systematic mapping 地图制印与仪器|Map reproduction and instrument 地图制印|map reproduction 地图复照|map photography 地图制版|map printing plate making 地图印刷|map printing 复照仪(制版摄影机)|process camera 变线仪(摇摆镜头)|variomat 工程地质|Engineering Geology 地质基础|Basic ge
38、ology 地貌|Geomorphy 平原|plain 丘陵地|hill 山地|mountain 高地|highland 垭口(山口)|col 河谷|fiver valley 峡谷|gorge(canyon) 纵谷|longitudinal valley 横谷|transverse valley 分水岭|Water divide, watershed 河漫滩|floodplain. 阶地|terrace 侵蚀阶地|erosional terrace 堆积阶地|constructional terrace 基座阶地|bedrock seated terrace
39、牛轭湖(弓形湖)|Ox-bow lake 古河道|ancient river course 准平原|peneplain 夷平面|planation surface 残丘|inselberg 洪积扇|proluvial fan 三角洲|delta 喀斯特(岩溶)|karst 落水洞|sink hole 溶洞|karst cave 暗河(地下河)|under ground river 溶蚀洼地|karst depression 喀斯特盆地(坡立谷)|polje 峰林|peak forest (hoodoos) 岩石|Rock 造岩矿物|rock-forming min
40、eral 结晶质|crystalline substance 非晶质|amorphous substance 硬度|hardness 解理|cleavage 断口|fracture 岩浆岩(火成岩)|magmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩基|batholith 岩株|stock 岩脉|dike 构造|texture 构造|structure 显晶质构造|phanerocrystalline texture 隐晶质构造|cryptocrystalline texture 斑状构造|porphyritic texture 玻璃质构造|vitreo
41、us texture 流纹状构造|rhyotaxitic structure 气孔状构造|vesicular structure 杏仁状构造|amygdaloidal structure 沉积岩|sedimentary rock 层理|bedding 交错层理|cross bedding 透镜体|lens 碎屑构造|clastic texture 泥质构造|pelitic texture 生物构造|biogenetic texture 变质岩|metamorphic rock 变质作用|metamorphic 片麻状构造|gneissic structure 片状构
42、造|schistcse stla2ctttre 千枚状构造|phyllitic structure 板状构造|platy structure 变余构造|palimpsest texture 变晶构造|crystalloblastic texture 海相|marine facies 陆相|continental facies 残积|eluvial deposit 坡积|slope deposit 冲积|alluvium 洪积|proluvium 冰碛|glacial drift 风积|eolian deposit 湖积|lacustrine deposit 地质构造
43、geologic structure 地质构造|geologic structure 大地构造|geotectonics 岩层产状|attitude of rocks 走向|strike 倾向|dip 倾角|dip angle 单斜岩层|monocline 背斜|anticline 向斜|syncline 褶皱|fold 节理|joint 劈理|cleavage 断层|fault 断层上盘|hanging wall 断层下盘|heading wall 断层破碎带|shattered fault zone 正断层|normal fault 逆断层|thrus
44、t fault 逆掩断层|overthrust fault 平移断层|transcurrent fault 走向滑动断层|strike-slip fault 左旋|sinistral rotation 右旋|dextral rotation 断层擦痕|slickenside 断层角砾岩|fault breccia 断层泥|fault gouge 糜棱岩|mylonite 新构造运动|neotectonic movement 活断层|active fault 地质力学|geomechanics 构造体系|structural system 构造形迹|structura
45、l feature 构造复合|compounding structure 压性构造面|Compressive structural plane 张性构造面|tensile structural plane 扭性构造面|torsion structural plane 压性兼扭性构造面(压扭性构造面)|compresso -torsion structural plane 张性兼扭性构造面(张扭性构造面)|tenso – torsion structural plane 纬向构造体系(东西向构造面)|latitudinal structural system 经向构造体系(南北向
46、构造带)|meridional structural system 扭动构造体系|shear structural system 华夏构造体系(华夏系)|Cathysian structural system 新华夏构造体系(新华夏系)|Neocathysian structural system 河西构造体系(河西系)|Hexi structural system 板块构造|plate tectonics 裂谷|rift valley 整合|conformity 假整合(平行不整合)|disconformity 不整合|unconformity 物理地质作用|Physic
47、ogeological process 风化|weathering 滑坡|landslide 滑坡体|slip mass 滑坡壁|slip cliff 滑坡舌|slip tongue 倒塌|rockfall 蠕动|creep 泥石流|debris flow 地震|Earthquake 地震|earthquake 地壳|earth crust 地幔|earth mantle 构造地震|tectonic earthquake 火山地震|volcanic earthquake 陷落地震|collapse earthquake 水库诱发地震|reservoir indu
48、ced earthquake 震源|seismic focus 震中|epicentre 震源深度|focus depth 地震震级|earthquake magnitude 地震烈度|earthquake intensity 纵波|longitudinal wave 横波|transverse wave 主震|main shock 前震|foreshock 余震|aftershock 震源机制|focusmechanism 地震前兆|premonitory symptom 地震区划|seismic zoning 水文地质|Hydrogeology 水文地质基础|
49、Basic hydrogeology 包气带|aeration zone 上层滞水|perch groundwater 毛细水|capillary water 自流水|artesian water 孔隙水|pore water 裂隙水|fissure water 喀斯特水(岩溶水)|karst water 泉|spring 自流盆地|artesian basin 地下热水|hot groundwater 矿化水|mineral water 水文地质试验|hydrogeological test 指示剂法|tracer method 抽水试验|pumping test
50、 压水试验|water pressure test(packer permeability test) 注水试验|injection test 水文地质图|hydrogeological map 渗透剖面图|seepage profile 等水位线图|water table contour map 工程地质|Engineering geology 工程地质勘察|engineering geological investigation 工程地质测绘|engineering geological mapping 地质勘探|geological exploration 地质点|g
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