水利水电工程技术术语.docx

水利水电工程技术术语原则|Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering水利水电工程勘测|SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEEERING水利水电工程规划|PLANNING OF HUDROENGINEERING水工建筑物|HYDROSTRIRUCTURES水力机械与电气设备|HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQIJIPMENT水利水电工程施工|CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINERING工程测量|Engineering Survey工程测量基础|Fundamentals of engineering survey坐标与高程|Coordinate and elevation大地水准面|geoid参照椭球|reference ellipsoid子午面|meridian plane子午线|meridian首子午线|prime meridian磁子午线|magnetic meridian地图投影|map projection地图投影变形|distortion of map projection地图投影变换|map projection transfromation高斯一克吕格投影(高斯投影)|Gauss-Ku ger projection中央子午线|central meridian分带子午线(分界子午线)|zone dividing meridian高斯投影方向改正(高斯投影曲率改正)|correction for direction in Gauss Projection 高斯投影距离改正(距离改正)|distance correction on Gauss projection子午线收敛角(高斯平面子午线收敛角)|grid convergence坐标|coordinate高斯一克吕格坐标（高斯坐标）|Gauss-Ku ger coordinate大地原点(大地基准点)|geodetic datum北京坐标系|Beijing coordinate system 19541980年国家大地坐标系|national coordinate system 1954假定坐标系|assumes coordinate system 1980独立坐标系|indepeadent coordinate system方位角|azimuth磁方位角|magnetic azimuth坐标方位角|coordinate azimuth高程|elevation绝对高程(高程，海拔高度)|absolute elevation相对高程(假定高程)|relative elevation1956年黄海高程系(黄海高程系)|Huanghai elevation system 19561985年国家高程基准|national elevation datum 1985误差与精度|Error and accuracy真值|true value最或然值(最或是值，最可靠值，平差值)|most probable value误差(真误差)|error绝对误差|absolute error相对误差|relative error偶尔误差(随机误差)|accident error(random error)系统误差|systematic error中误差(原则差，方根差，均方差)|mean square error(standard error)平均误差|average error限差(极限误差，容许误差，最大误差)|tolerance测角中误差|mean square error of angle observation点位中误差|mean square error of position精度(精密度)|accuracy地球弯曲差|error due to curvature of earth大气折光差|atmospheric refraction error球气差|effect of earth curvature and refraction视差|parallax消力池|plunge pool地图|分幅|Sheet Line system国际分幅| international map subdivision矩形分幅(正方形分幅，自由分幅)|rectangular map subdivision.直角坐标网(公里网，方格网)|rectangular grid图号|map numbering 地物和地貌旳表达|Representation of planimetric feature and geomorphy图式|cartographic symbol 图例|legend地形|land form地物|planimetric feature 地貌|geomorphy地性线(地貌构造线，地貌特性线)|orographic character line山脊线(分水线)|crest line山谷线(集水线，合水线)|valley line等高线|contour等高距(等高线间隔)|contour interval首曲线(基本等高线)|standard contour计曲线(加粗等高线)|index contour间曲线(半距等高线)|half-interval contour助曲线(1/4等高线)|supplementary Contour示坡线|slope indication line测量仪器|Surveying instrument电磁波测距仪|E1ectromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI)电磁波测距仪(物理测距仪)|electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI)光电测距仪(光速测距仪)|electro-optical distance meter(EDM)红外测距仪(红外光电测距仪)|infra-rad distance meter微波测距仪|microwave distance measuring instrument电子速测仪(全站式电子速测仪，自动电子速测仪)|electronic tacheometer周期误差|cyclic error幅相误差|amplitude-phase error电磁波测距误差|error in electromagnetic wave distance measurement水准仪与经纬仪|Leveland theodolite水准仪(水平仪)|level激光水准仪|laser level自动安平水准仪(赔偿器水准仪)|automatic level视准轴(照准轴)|coolimation axis水准器分划值(水准器角值，水准器格值)|scale value of level经纬仪|theodolite激光经纬仪|laser theodolite三轴误差|error of three-axix垂直度盘指标差(指标差，竖盘指标差)|index error of vertical circle 变形观测设备|Instrument of deformation observation激光准直仪|laser collimator真空管道激光准直系统|laser alignment system with airless pipe液体静力水准仪(水管式测斜仪)|hydro-static leveling instrument垂线观测坐标仪(垂线观测仪)|coordinatograph for plummet observation其他仪器与器件|Instrument and device other types平板仪|plane-table直角坐标仪(坐标展点仪，坐标仪，展点仪)|coodinatograph曲线仪(里程计)|curvimeter坐标格网尺(方眼尺)|coordinate grid scale因瓦基线尺|invar tape横基尺(基线横尺，夹角尺)|subtense bar觇牌|target活动觇牌|moving target工程测量|Engineering survey平面控制测量|Horizontal control survey基本平面控制|basic horizontal control图根控制(测图控制，地形控制)|mapping control三角锁|triangulation chain三角网|triangulation network三角测量|triangulation三边测量|trilateration传距边(求距边)|side for transferring length传距角(求距角)|angle for transferring length导线网|traverse network闭合导线(环形导线，回归导线)|closed traverse附合导线|connecting traverse导线测量|traverse survey大地控制点(大地点)|geodetic control point三角点|triangulation point导线点|traverse point图根点(图根控制点，地形控制点)|mapping control point测量标志|survey mark测量觇标|observation rover标石|markstone视差法测距(基线横尺视差法)|subtense method with horizontal staff视差角|parallactic angle方向观测法|method of direction observation归零差(半测回归零差)|rnisciosure of round二倍照准差互差(2c互差，2c较差)|discrepancy between twice collimation errors测回互差(测回差)|discrepancy between observation sets施工控制网|construction control network施工坐标系(建筑坐标系)|construction coordinate system变形观测控制网(监测网)|control network for deformation observation边角网(边角同测网)|combined network of triangulation and trilateration直伸三角网|straight triangulation network秩亏自由网(秩亏网)|free network with rank deficiency高程控制测量|Vertical control survey基本高程控制|basic vertical control水准测量|leveling跨河水准测量|fiver-crossing leveling加密高程控制|minor vertical control三角高程测量(间接高程测量)|trigonometric leveling三角高程路线(三角高程导线，多角高程导线)|trigonometric leveling line水准路线|leveling line水准点|bench mark测量平差|Adjustment of measurement测量平差|adjustment of measurement严密平差|rigorous adjustment近似平差|approxi mate adjustment直接平差(直接观测平差)|adjustment of direct observations间接平差(间接观测平差)|adjustment of observation equations条件平差(条件观测平差)|adjustment of condition equations满秩平差|full rank adjustment秩亏平差(秩亏自由网平差)|rank deficiency adjustment拟稳平差|quasi-stable adjustment结点平差|adjustment of junction points三角锁网平差|adjustment of network of triangnlation chains导线网平差|adjustment of traverse network水准网平差|adjustment of leveling network地形测量|Topographic survey地形测量|topographic survey自纸测图|blank paper mapping实测放大图|surveyed amplification map碎部点(地形特性点)|detail point汇水面积测量(承雨面积测量)|catchment area survey水下地形测量|underground topographic survey水库测量|reservoir survey水库淤积测量|reservoir accretion survey断面测量|section survey河道测量|river survey地质点测量|geololgical point survey钻孔位置测量|bore-hole position survey土地平整测量|survey for land smoothing土地规划测量|Land planning survey施工测量|Construction survey.施工测量|construction survey施工放样(定线)|setting out for construction survey角度交会法(前方交会法)|angular intersection method示误三角形|error angle微三角形法(单三形法)|exiguous triangle method贯穿测量|through survey基本导线|primary traverse施工导线|construction traverse竖并联络测量|shaft connection survey竖井定向测量|shaft orientation survey中线测量(定线测量)|center line survey水库沉没界线测量|reservoir inundation line survey永久界桩(永久桩)|monumented boundary pag临时界桩(临时桩)|non-monumented boundary pay曲线测设(曲线放样)|setting out of curve竣工测量|finish construction survey安装测量|erection survey变形观测|Deformation Observation变形观测|deformation observation大坝变形观测|dam deformation observation水平位移观测|horizontal displacement observation垂直位移观测(沉陷观测，沉降观测)|vertical displacement observation地壳形变观测(大坝库区地壳形变观测)|observation of earth crust deformation引张线法|method of tension wire alignment持续引张线法|method of continuous tension wire alignment视准线法|collimation line method激光准直法|method of laser alignment波带板激光准直(波带板准直，三点准值法)|laser alignment with zone plate小角度法|minor an method正锤线观测(正锤法)|plumb line observation倒锤线观测(倒锤法)|inverse plumb line observation水平位移工作点|operative mark of horizonta1 displacement水平位移基点|datum mark of horizontal displacement垂直位移工作点|operative mark of vertical displacement垂直位移基点|datum mark of vertical displacement双金属标|bimetal benchmark摄影测量|Photogrammetric survey摄影测量基础|Fundamentals of photogrammetry摄影航高|photographic flying height立体像对|stereopair理想像对(原则像对)|ideal photopair摄影基线|photographic base line航向重叠(纵向重叠)|longitudinal overlap旁向重叠(横向重叠)|lateral overlap航空像片(航摄像片，航片)|aerial photograph像片比例尺|photographic scale像幅|picture format摄影测量仪器|photogrammetry instrument立体坐标量测仪|stereocomparator立体测图仪(精密立体测图仪)|stereoplotter解析测图仪|analytical stereoplotter立体量测仪(地形立体量测仪)|stereometer投影转绘仪(投影器)|sketch projector正射投影仪(正射投影装置)|orthophoto instrument纠正仪|rectifier摄影经纬仪|phototheodolite航空摄影仪|aerial photographic camera转点仪|point transfer instrument电子印像机|electronic printer摄影测量|Photogrammetric survey摄影测量|photogrammetric survey航空摄影|aerophotography航空摄影测量(航空测量)|aerophotogrammetry外方位元素|elements of exterior orientation内方位元素|elements of interior orientation上下视差(纵视差，竖直视差，y视差)|vertical psrallax左右视差(横视差，水平视差，x视差)|horizontal parallax像片控制点|photo control point像片判读(像片判释)|photograph interpretation像片调绘|phototgraph identification调绘像片|identified photograph解析空中三角测量|analytical aerial triangulation相对定向(像对相对定向)|relative orientation绝对定向(大地定向)|absolute orientation像片纠正|photo rectification分带纠正|zonal rectification仿射纠正(倾斜面纠正)|affine rectification正射投影技术(缝隙纠正，微分纠正)|orthophototechnique (differential rectification)像片平面图|photographic plan综合法测图(航测综合法)|photo- planimetric method mapping全能法测图|universal method mapping分工法测图(微分法测图)|differential method mapping变换光束测图|affine plotting数字化测图|digitized mapping数宇地面模型|digital terrain model(DIM)地面立体摄影测量|terrestrial stereophotogrammetry非地形摄影测量|non-topographic photogrammetry近景摄影测量|close-range photogrammetry等值线图|isoline map5 遥感技术|Remote sensing technology5.1 遥感基础|Fundamentals of remote sensing遥感|remote sensing航天遥感(星载遥感)|space remote sensing航空遥感(机载遥感)|aerial remote sensing积极遥感(有源遥感)|active remote sensing被动遥感(无源遥感)|passive remote sensing大气窗口|atmospheric window传感器(遥感器，遥感装置)|sensor遥感台(遥感平台，传感台)|remote sensing platform侧视雷达|side-looking radar遥感信息|remote sensing information光谱反应(光谱响应)|spectral response像元(影像单元，像点)|pixel地面辨别力|ground resolution遥感仪器|Remote sensing immanent多波段扫描仪(多光谱扫描仪)|multiband scanner扫描测微密度计(显微密度计)|scanning micro densitometer密度分割仪|density slicet彩色合成仪(加色法观测仪)|colour additive viewer遥感图像处理与解译|Processing and interpretation of remote sensing images遥感图像(遥感影像)|remote sensing image彩红外片|infrared colour film卫星像片(卫星图像，卫片)|satellite photograph图像处理|image processing数字图像处理|digital image processing图像几何校正|geometrical correction d image假彩色合成(多软片法，彩色合成)|false color composite密度分割|density slicing彩色增强|color enhancement图像增强|image enhancement边缘增强(浮雕图象)|edge enhancement反差增强|contrast enhancement比值图像(比值影像)|ratio image变换检测图像(差异图像)|change-detection image图像识别(图形识别，模式识别)|imagery recognition目视解译(目视释译)|visual interpretation地图编绘与制印|Map compilation and reproduction地图|Map地图|map一般地图|general map专题地图(专门地图，主题地图，特种地图)|thematic地形图|topographic map影像地图|photomap系列比例尺地形图|systematic scale topographic map地图编绘|Map compilation地图编绘(原图编绘)|map compilation网格法(拉网法，图解纠正法)|method of grid晕渲法(阴影法)|hill shading method分层设色法|hypsometric method素图|simple map制图综合|cartographic generalization地貌综合|cartographic generalization of relief地图整饰|map appearance编稿法|compilation method编绘原图|compilated original map地图清绘|map fair drawing出版原图(印刷原图，清绘原图)|publication original map图历簿(图历表)|file of map系列成图|systematic mapping地图制印与仪器|Map reproduction and instrument地图制印|map reproduction地图复照|map photography地图制版|map printing plate making地图印刷|map printing复照仪(制版摄影机)|process camera变线仪(摇摆镜头)|variomat工程地质|Engineering Geology地质基础|Basic geology地貌|Geomorphy平原|plain丘陵地|hill山地|mountain高地|highland垭口(山口)|col河谷|fiver valley峡谷|gorge(canyon)纵谷|longitudinal valley横谷|transverse valley分水岭|Water divide, watershed河漫滩|floodplain.阶地|terrace侵蚀阶地|erosional terrace堆积阶地|constructional terrace基座阶地|bedrock seated terrace牛轭湖(弓形湖)|Ox-bow lake古河道|ancient river course准平原|peneplain夷平面|planation surface残丘|inselberg洪积扇|proluvial fan三角洲|delta喀斯特(岩溶)|karst落水洞|sink hole溶洞|karst cave暗河(地下河)|under ground river溶蚀洼地|karst depression喀斯特盆地(坡立谷)|polje峰林|peak forest (hoodoos)岩石|Rock造岩矿物|rock-forming mineral结晶质|crystalline substance非晶质|amorphous substance硬度|hardness解理|cleavage断口|fracture岩浆岩(火成岩)|magmatic rock (igneous rock)岩基|batholith岩株|stock岩脉|dike构造|texture构造|structure显晶质构造|phanerocrystalline texture隐晶质构造|cryptocrystalline texture斑状构造|porphyritic texture玻璃质构造|vitreous texture流纹状构造|rhyotaxitic structure气孔状构造|vesicular structure杏仁状构造|amygdaloidal structure沉积岩|sedimentary rock层理|bedding交错层理|cross bedding透镜体|lens碎屑构造|clastic texture泥质构造|pelitic texture生物构造|biogenetic texture变质岩|metamorphic rock变质作用|metamorphic片麻状构造|gneissic structure片状构造|schistcse stla2ctttre千枚状构造|phyllitic structure板状构造|platy structure变余构造|palimpsest texture变晶构造|crystalloblastic texture海相|marine facies陆相|continental facies残积|eluvial deposit坡积|slope deposit冲积|alluvium洪积|proluvium冰碛|glacial drift风积|eolian deposit湖积|lacustrine deposit地质构造|geologic structure地质构造|geologic structure大地构造|geotectonics岩层产状|attitude of rocks走向|strike倾向|dip倾角|dip angle单斜岩层|monocline背斜|anticline向斜|syncline褶皱|fold节理|joint劈理|cleavage断层|fault断层上盘|hanging wall断层下盘|heading wall断层破碎带|shattered fault zone正断层|normal fault逆断层|thrust fault逆掩断层|overthrust fault平移断层|transcurrent fault走向滑动断层|strike-slip fault左旋|sinistral rotation右旋|dextral rotation断层擦痕|slickenside断层角砾岩|fault breccia断层泥|fault gouge糜棱岩|mylonite新构造运动|neotectonic movement活断层|active fault地质力学|geomechanics构造体系|structural system构造形迹|structural feature构造复合|compounding structure压性构造面|Compressive structural plane张性构造面|tensile structural plane扭性构造面|torsion structural plane压性兼扭性构造面(压扭性构造面)|compresso -torsion structural plane张性兼扭性构造面(张扭性构造面)|tenso torsion structural plane纬向构造体系(东西向构造面)|latitudinal structural system经向构造体系(南北向构造带)|meridional structural system扭动构造体系|shear structural system华夏构造体系(华夏系)|Cathysian structural system新华夏构造体系(新华夏系)|Neocathysian structural system河西构造体系(河西系)|Hexi structural system板块构造|plate tectonics裂谷|rift valley整合|conformity假整合(平行不整合)|disconformity不整合|unconformity物理地质作用|Physicogeological process风化|weathering滑坡|landslide滑坡体|slip mass滑坡壁|slip cliff滑坡舌|slip tongue倒塌|rockfall蠕动|creep泥石流|debris flow地震|Earthquake地震|earthquake地壳|earth crust地幔|earth mantle构造地震|tectonic earthquake火山地震|volcanic earthquake陷落地震|collapse earthquake水库诱发地震|reservoir induced earthquake震源|seismic focus震中|epicentre震源深度|focus depth地震震级|earthquake magnitude地震烈度|earthquake intensity纵波|longitudinal wave横波|transverse wave主震|main shock前震|foreshock余震|aftershock震源机制|focusmechanism地震前兆|premonitory symptom地震区划|seismic zoning水文地质|Hydrogeology水文地质基础|Basic hydrogeology包气带|aeration zone上层滞水|perch groundwater毛细水|capillary water自流水|artesian water孔隙水|pore water裂隙水|fissure water喀斯特水(岩溶水)|karst water泉|spring自流盆地|artesian basin地下热水|hot groundwater矿化水|mineral water水文地质试验|hydrogeological test指示剂法|tracer method抽水试验|pumping test压水试验|water pressure test(packer permeability test)注水试验|injection test水文地质图|hydrogeological map渗透剖面图|seepage profile等水位线图|water table contour map工程地质|Engineering geology工程地质勘察|engineering geological investigation工程地质测绘|engineering geological mapping地质勘探|geological exploration地质点|g