水利水电工程技术术语.docx

水利水电工程技术术语原则|Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering
水利水电工程勘测|SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEEERING
水利水电工程规划|PLANNING OF HUDROENGINEERING
水工建筑物|HYDROSTRIRUCTURES
水力机械与电气设备|HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQIJIPMENT
水利水电工程施工|CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINERING
工程测量|Engineering Survey
工程测量基础|Fundamentals of engineering survey
坐标与高程|Coordinate and elevation
大地水准面|geoid
参照椭球|reference ellipsoid
子午面|meridian plane
子午线|meridian
首子午线|prime meridian
磁子午线|magnetic meridian
地图投影|map projection
地图投影变形|distortion of map projection
地图投影变换|map projection transfromation
高斯一克吕格投影(高斯投影)|Gauss-Ku ger projection
中央子午线|central meridian
分带子午线(分界子午线)|zone dividing meridian
高斯投影方向改正(高斯投影曲率改正)|correction for direction in Gauss Projection
高斯投影距离改正(距离改正)|distance correction on Gauss projection
子午线收敛角(高斯平面子午线收敛角)|grid convergence
坐标|coordinate
高斯一克吕格坐标（高斯坐标）|Gauss-Ku ger coordinate
大地原点(大地基准点)|geodetic datum
北京坐标系|Beijing coordinate system 1954
1980年国家大地坐标系|national coordinate system 1954
假定坐标系|assumes coordinate system 1980
独立坐标系|indepeadent coordinate system
方位角|azimuth
磁方位角|magnetic azimuth
坐标方位角|coordinate azimuth
高程|elevation
绝对高程(高程，海拔高度)|absolute elevation
相对高程(假定高程)|relative elevation
1956年黄海高程系(黄海高程系)|Huanghai elevation system 1956
1985年国家高程基准|national elevation datum 1985
误差与精度|Error and accuracy
真值|true value
最或然值(最或是值，最可靠值，平差值)|most probable value
误差(真误差)|error
绝对误差|absolute error
相对误差|relative error
偶尔误差(随机误差)|accident error(random error)
系统误差|systematic error
中误差(原则差，方根差，均方差)|mean square error(standard error)
平均误差|average error
限差(极限误差，容许误差，最大误差)|tolerance
测角中误差|mean square error of angle observation
点位中误差|mean square error of position
精度(精密度)|accuracy
地球弯曲差|error due to curvature of earth
大气折光差|atmospheric refraction error
球气差|effect of earth curvature and refraction
视差|parallax
消力池|plunge pool
地图|分幅|Sheet Line system
国际分幅| international map subdivision
矩形分幅(正方形分幅，自由分幅)|rectangular map subdivision.
直角坐标网(公里网，方格网)|rectangular grid
图号|map numbering
地物和地貌旳表达|Representation of planimetric feature and geomorphy
图式|cartographic symbol
图例|legend
地形|land form
地物|planimetric feature
地貌|geomorphy
地性线(地貌构造线，地貌特性线)|orographic character line
山脊线(分水线)|crest line
山谷线(集水线，合水线)|valley line
等高线|contour
等高距(等高线间隔)|contour interval
首曲线(基本等高线)|standard contour
计曲线(加粗等高线)|index contour
间曲线(半距等高线)|half-interval contour
助曲线(1/4等高线)|supplementary Contour
示坡线|slope indication line
测量仪器|Surveying instrument
电磁波测距仪|E1ectromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI)
电磁波测距仪(物理测距仪)|electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI)
光电测距仪(光速测距仪)|electro-optical distance meter(EDM)
红外测距仪(红外光电测距仪)|infra-rad distance meter
微波测距仪|microwave distance measuring instrument
电子速测仪(全站式电子速测仪，自动电子速测仪)|electronic tacheometer
周期误差|cyclic error
幅相误差|amplitude-phase error
电磁波测距误差|error in electromagnetic wave distance measurement
水准仪与经纬仪|Leveland theodolite
水准仪(水平仪)|level
激光水准仪|laser level
自动安平水准仪(赔偿器水准仪)|automatic level
视准轴(照准轴)|coolimation axis
水准器分划值(水准器角值，水准器格值)|scale value of level
经纬仪|theodolite
激光经纬仪|laser theodolite
三轴误差|error of three-axix
垂直度盘指标差(指标差，竖盘指标差)|index error of vertical circle
变形观测设备|Instrument of deformation observation
激光准直仪|laser collimator
真空管道激光准直系统|laser alignment system with airless pipe
液体静力水准仪(水管式测斜仪)|hydro-static leveling instrument
垂线观测坐标仪(垂线观测仪)|coordinatograph for plummet observation
其他仪器与器件|Instrument and device other types
平板仪|plane-table
直角坐标仪(坐标展点仪，坐标仪，展点仪)|coodinatograph
曲线仪(里程计)|curvimeter
坐标格网尺(方眼尺)|coordinate grid scale
因瓦基线尺|invar tape
横基尺(基线横尺，夹角尺)|subtense bar
觇牌|target
活动觇牌|moving target
工程测量|Engineering survey
平面控制测量|Horizontal control survey
基本平面控制|basic horizontal control
图根控制(测图控制，地形控制)|mapping control
三角锁|triangulation chain
三角网|triangulation network
三角测量|triangulation
三边测量|trilateration
传距边(求距边)|side for transferring length
传距角(求距角)|angle for transferring length
导线网|traverse network
闭合导线(环形导线，回归导线)|closed traverse
附合导线|connecting traverse
导线测量|traverse survey
大地控制点(大地点)|geodetic control point
三角点|triangulation point
导线点|traverse point
图根点(图根控制点，地形控制点)|mapping control point
测量标志|survey mark
测量觇标|observation rover
标石|markstone
视差法测距(基线横尺视差法)|subtense method with horizontal staff
视差角|parallactic angle
方向观测法|method of direction observation
归零差(半测回归零差)|rnisciosure of round
二倍照准差互差(2c互差，2c较差)|discrepancy between twice collimation errors
测回互差(测回差)|discrepancy between observation sets
施工控制网|construction control network
施工坐标系(建筑坐标系)|construction coordinate system
变形观测控制网(监测网)|control network for deformation observation
边角网(边角同测网)|combined network of triangulation and trilateration
直伸三角网|straight triangulation network
秩亏自由网(秩亏网)|free network with rank deficiency
高程控制测量|Vertical control survey
基本高程控制|basic vertical control
水准测量|leveling
跨河水准测量|fiver-crossing leveling
加密高程控制|minor vertical control
三角高程测量(间接高程测量)|trigonometric leveling
三角高程路线(三角高程导线，多角高程导线)|trigonometric leveling line
水准路线|leveling line
水准点|bench mark
测量平差|Adjustment of measurement
测量平差|adjustment of measurement
严密平差|rigorous adjustment
近似平差|approxi mate adjustment
直接平差(直接观测平差)|adjustment of direct observations
间接平差(间接观测平差)|adjustment of observation equations
条件平差(条件观测平差)|adjustment of condition equations
满秩平差|full rank adjustment
秩亏平差(秩亏自由网平差)|rank deficiency adjustment
拟稳平差|quasi-stable adjustment
结点平差|adjustment of junction points
三角锁网平差|adjustment of network of triangnlation chains
导线网平差|adjustment of traverse network
水准网平差|adjustment of leveling network
地形测量|Topographic survey
地形测量|topographic survey
自纸测图|blank paper mapping
实测放大图|surveyed amplification map
碎部点(地形特性点)|detail point
汇水面积测量(承雨面积测量)|catchment area survey
水下地形测量|underground topographic survey
水库测量|reservoir survey
水库淤积测量|reservoir accretion survey
断面测量|section survey
河道测量|river survey
地质点测量|geololgical point survey
钻孔位置测量|bore-hole position survey
土地平整测量|survey for land smoothing
土地规划测量|Land planning survey
施工测量|Construction survey.
施工测量|construction survey
施工放样(定线)|setting out for construction survey
角度交会法(前方交会法)|angular intersection method
示误三角形|error angle
微三角形法(单三形法)|exiguous triangle method
贯穿测量|through survey
基本导线|primary traverse
施工导线|construction traverse
竖并联络测量|shaft connection survey
竖井定向测量|shaft orientation survey
中线测量(定线测量)|center line survey
水库沉没界线测量|reservoir inundation line survey
永久界桩(永久桩)|monumented boundary pag
临时界桩(临时桩)|non-monumented boundary pay
曲线测设(曲线放样)|setting out of curve
竣工测量|finish construction survey
安装测量|erection survey
变形观测|Deformation Observation
变形观测|deformation observation
大坝变形观测|dam deformation observation
水平位移观测|horizontal displacement observation
垂直位移观测(沉陷观测，沉降观测)|vertical displacement observation
地壳形变观测(大坝库区地壳形变观测)|observation of earth crust deformation
引张线法|method of tension wire alignment
持续引张线法|method of continuous tension wire alignment
视准线法|collimation line method
激光准直法|method of laser alignment
波带板激光准直(波带板准直，三点准值法)|laser alignment with zone plate
小角度法|minor an method
正锤线观测(正锤法)|plumb line observation
倒锤线观测(倒锤法)|inverse plumb line observation
水平位移工作点|operative mark of horizonta1 displacement
水平位移基点|datum mark of horizontal displacement
垂直位移工作点|operative mark of vertical displacement
垂直位移基点|datum mark of vertical displacement
双金属标|bimetal benchmark
摄影测量|Photogrammetric survey
摄影测量基础|Fundamentals of photogrammetry
摄影航高|photographic flying height
立体像对|stereopair
理想像对(原则像对)|ideal photopair
摄影基线|photographic base line
航向重叠(纵向重叠)|longitudinal overlap
旁向重叠(横向重叠)|lateral overlap
航空像片(航摄像片，航片)|aerial photograph
像片比例尺|photographic scale
像幅|picture format
摄影测量仪器|photogrammetry instrument
立体坐标量测仪|stereocomparator
立体测图仪(精密立体测图仪)|stereoplotter
解析测图仪|analytical stereoplotter
立体量测仪(地形立体量测仪)|stereometer
投影转绘仪(投影器)|sketch projector
正射投影仪(正射投影装置)|orthophoto instrument
纠正仪|rectifier
摄影经纬仪|phototheodolite
航空摄影仪|aerial photographic camera
转点仪|point transfer instrument
电子印像机|electronic printer
摄影测量|Photogrammetric survey
摄影测量|photogrammetric survey
航空摄影|aerophotography
航空摄影测量(航空测量)|aerophotogrammetry
外方位元素|elements of exterior orientation
内方位元素|elements of interior orientation
上下视差(纵视差，竖直视差，y视差)|vertical psrallax
左右视差(横视差，水平视差，x视差)|horizontal parallax
像片控制点|photo control point
像片判读(像片判释)|photograph interpretation
像片调绘|phototgraph identification
调绘像片|identified photograph
解析空中三角测量|analytical aerial triangulation
相对定向(像对相对定向)|relative orientation
绝对定向(大地定向)|absolute orientation
像片纠正|photo rectification
分带纠正|zonal rectification
仿射纠正(倾斜面纠正)|affine rectification
正射投影技术(缝隙纠正，微分纠正)|orthophototechnique (differential rectification)
像片平面图|photographic plan
综合法测图(航测综合法)|photo- planimetric method mapping
全能法测图|universal method mapping
分工法测图(微分法测图)|differential method mapping
变换光束测图|affine plotting
数字化测图|digitized mapping
数宇地面模型|digital terrain model(DIM)
地面立体摄影测量|terrestrial stereophotogrammetry
非地形摄影测量|non-topographic photogrammetry
近景摄影测量|close-range photogrammetry
等值线图|isoline map
5 遥感技术|Remote sensing technology
5.1 遥感基础|Fundamentals of remote sensing
遥感|remote sensing
航天遥感(星载遥感)|space remote sensing
航空遥感(机载遥感)|aerial remote sensing
积极遥感(有源遥感)|active remote sensing
被动遥感(无源遥感)|passive remote sensing
大气窗口|atmospheric window
传感器(遥感器，遥感装置)|sensor
遥感台(遥感平台，传感台)|remote sensing platform
侧视雷达|side-looking radar
遥感信息|remote sensing information
光谱反应(光谱响应)|spectral response
像元(影像单元，像点)|pixel
地面辨别力|ground resolution
遥感仪器|Remote sensing immanent
多波段扫描仪(多光谱扫描仪)|multiband scanner
扫描测微密度计(显微密度计)|scanning micro densitometer
密度分割仪|density slicet
彩色合成仪(加色法观测仪)|colour additive viewer
遥感图像处理与解译|Processing and interpretation of remote sensing images
遥感图像(遥感影像)|remote sensing image
彩红外片|infrared colour film
卫星像片(卫星图像，卫片)|satellite photograph
图像处理|image processing
数字图像处理|digital image processing
图像几何校正|geometrical correction d image
假彩色合成(多软片法，彩色合成)|false color composite
密度分割|density slicing
彩色增强|color enhancement
图像增强|image enhancement
边缘增强(浮雕图象)|edge enhancement
反差增强|contrast enhancement
比值图像(比值影像)|ratio image
变换检测图像(差异图像)|change-detection image
图像识别(图形识别，模式识别)|imagery recognition
目视解译(目视释译)|visual interpretation
地图编绘与制印|Map compilation and reproduction
地图|Map
地图|map
一般地图|general map
专题地图(专门地图，主题地图，特种地图)|thematic
地形图|topographic map
影像地图|photomap
系列比例尺地形图|systematic scale topographic map
地图编绘|Map compilation
地图编绘(原图编绘)|map compilation
网格法(拉网法，图解纠正法)|method of grid
晕渲法(阴影法)|hill shading method
分层设色法|hypsometric method
素图|simple map
制图综合|cartographic generalization
地貌综合|cartographic generalization of relief
地图整饰|map appearance
编稿法|compilation method
编绘原图|compilated original map
地图清绘|map fair drawing
出版原图(印刷原图，清绘原图)|publication original map
图历簿(图历表)|file of map
系列成图|systematic mapping
地图制印与仪器|Map reproduction and instrument
地图制印|map reproduction
地图复照|map photography
地图制版|map printing plate making
地图印刷|map printing
复照仪(制版摄影机)|process camera
变线仪(摇摆镜头)|variomat
工程地质|Engineering Geology
地质基础|Basic geology
地貌|Geomorphy
平原|plain
丘陵地|hill
山地|mountain
高地|highland
垭口(山口)|col
河谷|fiver valley
峡谷|gorge(canyon)
纵谷|longitudinal valley
横谷|transverse valley
分水岭|Water divide, watershed
河漫滩|floodplain.
阶地|terrace
侵蚀阶地|erosional terrace
堆积阶地|constructional terrace
基座阶地|bedrock seated terrace
牛轭湖(弓形湖)|Ox-bow lake
古河道|ancient river course
准平原|peneplain
夷平面|planation surface
残丘|inselberg
洪积扇|proluvial fan
三角洲|delta
喀斯特(岩溶)|karst
落水洞|sink hole
溶洞|karst cave
暗河(地下河)|under ground river
溶蚀洼地|karst depression
喀斯特盆地(坡立谷)|polje
峰林|peak forest (hoodoos)
岩石|Rock
造岩矿物|rock-forming mineral
结晶质|crystalline substance
非晶质|amorphous substance
硬度|hardness
解理|cleavage
断口|fracture
岩浆岩(火成岩)|magmatic rock (igneous rock)
岩基|batholith
岩株|stock
岩脉|dike
构造|texture
构造|structure
显晶质构造|phanerocrystalline texture
隐晶质构造|cryptocrystalline texture
斑状构造|porphyritic texture
玻璃质构造|vitreous texture
流纹状构造|rhyotaxitic structure
气孔状构造|vesicular structure
杏仁状构造|amygdaloidal structure
沉积岩|sedimentary rock
层理|bedding
交错层理|cross bedding
透镜体|lens
碎屑构造|clastic texture
泥质构造|pelitic texture
生物构造|biogenetic texture
变质岩|metamorphic rock
变质作用|metamorphic
片麻状构造|gneissic structure
片状构造|schistcse stla2ctttre
千枚状构造|phyllitic structure
板状构造|platy structure
变余构造|palimpsest texture
变晶构造|crystalloblastic texture
海相|marine facies
陆相|continental facies
残积|eluvial deposit
坡积|slope deposit
冲积|alluvium
洪积|proluvium
冰碛|glacial drift
风积|eolian deposit
湖积|lacustrine deposit
地质构造|geologic structure
地质构造|geologic structure
大地构造|geotectonics
岩层产状|attitude of rocks
走向|strike
倾向|dip
倾角|dip angle
单斜岩层|monocline
背斜|anticline
向斜|syncline
褶皱|fold
节理|joint
劈理|cleavage
断层|fault
断层上盘|hanging wall
断层下盘|heading wall
断层破碎带|shattered fault zone
正断层|normal fault
逆断层|thrust fault
逆掩断层|overthrust fault
平移断层|transcurrent fault
走向滑动断层|strike-slip fault
左旋|sinistral rotation
右旋|dextral rotation
断层擦痕|slickenside
断层角砾岩|fault breccia
断层泥|fault gouge
糜棱岩|mylonite
新构造运动|neotectonic movement
活断层|active fault
地质力学|geomechanics
构造体系|structural system
构造形迹|structural feature
构造复合|compounding structure
压性构造面|Compressive structural plane
张性构造面|tensile structural plane
扭性构造面|torsion structural plane
压性兼扭性构造面(压扭性构造面)|compresso -torsion structural plane
张性兼扭性构造面(张扭性构造面)|tenso – torsion structural plane
纬向构造体系(东西向构造面)|latitudinal structural system
经向构造体系(南北向构造带)|meridional structural system
扭动构造体系|shear structural system
华夏构造体系(华夏系)|Cathysian structural system
新华夏构造体系(新华夏系)|Neocathysian structural system
河西构造体系(河西系)|Hexi structural system
板块构造|plate tectonics
裂谷|rift valley
整合|conformity
假整合(平行不整合)|disconformity
不整合|unconformity
物理地质作用|Physicogeological process
风化|weathering
滑坡|landslide
滑坡体|slip mass
滑坡壁|slip cliff
滑坡舌|slip tongue
倒塌|rockfall
蠕动|creep
泥石流|debris flow
地震|Earthquake
地震|earthquake
地壳|earth crust
地幔|earth mantle
构造地震|tectonic earthquake
火山地震|volcanic earthquake
陷落地震|collapse earthquake
水库诱发地震|reservoir induced earthquake
震源|seismic focus
震中|epicentre
震源深度|focus depth
地震震级|earthquake magnitude
地震烈度|earthquake intensity
纵波|longitudinal wave
横波|transverse wave
主震|main shock
前震|foreshock
余震|aftershock
震源机制|focusmechanism
地震前兆|premonitory symptom
地震区划|seismic zoning
水文地质|Hydrogeology
水文地质基础|Basic hydrogeology
包气带|aeration zone
上层滞水|perch groundwater
毛细水|capillary water
自流水|artesian water
孔隙水|pore water
裂隙水|fissure water
喀斯特水(岩溶水)|karst water
泉|spring
自流盆地|artesian basin
地下热水|hot groundwater
矿化水|mineral water
水文地质试验|hydrogeological test
指示剂法|tracer method
抽水试验|pumping test
压水试验|water pressure test(packer permeability test)
注水试验|injection test
水文地质图|hydrogeological map
渗透剖面图|seepage profile
等水位线图|water table contour map
工程地质|Engineering geology
工程地质勘察|engineering geological investigation
工程地质测绘|engineering geological mapping
地质勘探|geological exploration
地质点|g