2023年中国人民大学英语博士研究生入学考试试题.doc

中国人民大学英语2023年博士硕士入学考试试题客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分试题旳答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II. Vocabulary (10 points)PartA (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example:She prefers foreign wine to that produced_A. previously B. vLrtuallyC. primarily D. domesticallyThe sentence should read,; She prefers foreign wine to that producedomesticany. Therefore, you should choose D.Sample AnswerA B C D 1.International sport should create goodwillbetween the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages_ patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiableZOne call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and _ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmas B. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions3.People innately _for superiorityover theirpeers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A. strive B. ascertainC. justify D. adhere4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenance C. storage D. reserve5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence_a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soared B. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated6.Melissa is a computer_ that destroyed files in computers andfrustrated thousands of users around the world. A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria7.Theemphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form ofcompetition in schools. A. negligent B. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate8.The boy seemed more _ to their poverty, after seeing how hisgrandparents lived. A. reconciledB. consolidated C. deterioratedD. attributed9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never_ a chance topractice his Chinese. A. passed on B. passed up C. passedby D. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _ can bedistributed. A. paradoxesB. legacies C. platitudesD. analoginPart B (5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence arefour choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example:The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one . ;.,ca, ODe bour.A. careful B. industriousC. cleverD. capableIn this sentence, competent is closest -;n m e:zting to capable. Thereforeyou should choose D.Sample AnswerA B C DD11. He claims that advertisingtoday tends to portray women in traditionalroles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A. depictB. advocate D; criticizeD. analyze12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family storythatno tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B. achieveC.matchD exaggerate 13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic_ industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonousi4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A. alliesB. delegates C. voters D. juries 15. Theanalysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :childrens college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezing D. revealing16. Their signing of the treatywas regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever design D. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A. trustworthy B. intelligentC. diligent D. meticulous18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked19. The gang derived theirnickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest.A. illegal B. night-timeC, brutal D. abusive20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight,A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugalIII. Cloze (10 points)Directions : Read the followingpassage. Choose the best word for eachnumbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquarebracket on Answer Sheet I. Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,_21 _into a hobby and Iately has_22 _ into a full- time passion. Thetwo developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates_ 23 _Electrical Engineeringat Stanford University, started theirguide inApril 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they_25_ that their home,brewed listswere becoming toolong and _ 26_Graduallythey began to spend more andmore time onYahoo. During 1994, they _ 27_yahoo into a customized database designedto_28_ the needs of the thousands of users_29_began to use theservice through the closely _ 30_ Intemet community. They developedcustomized software to help them_ 31 _ locate, identify and edit material_32_on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is _33_to standfor Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle. but Filo and Yang insist they selectedthe _34 _ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first_ 35 _ on Yangs workstation, akebono, while the search enginewas_36 _on Filos computer, Konishiki.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communicationin Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files_ 37_to larger computers _38_ at Netscape. As a result Stanfordscomputer network returned to _39_ , and both parties benefiasc. Today,Yahoo_40_ organized information on tens of thousands of computerslinked to the web.1. A. becameB. grew C. mmD. intend2.A. madeB. saw C. lookedD. turned3.A. in B. onC. aboutD. fer4.A. touch?. contactC. n-ackD. record 5.A. foundedE. found C. arguedD. reported6.A. unwieldy B. toughC. tamableDinvaluable 7.A. exchangedB. shank C. sold D. converted8.A. explainB. serveC. discover D. evaluate9. A. which B. thatC. actually D. eagerly10. A. relativeB. interactive C.bound D. contacted11. A. fluentlyB. efficiently C.exactly D. actually 12. A. transmitted B. purchasedC. sold D.13. A. about B. boundC. going D. supposedI4. A. fableB. model C. nameD. brand15. A. supportedB. residedC. livedD. launched16. A. connected B. lodgedC. introduced D. linked17. A. over B, awayC. inside D. beneath18. A. housed B. caughtC. hosed D. bidden19. A. averageB. normalC. ordinaryD. equal20. A. attainsB.detainsC. maintains D. containsIV. Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choicesmarked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on theANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Guthries contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to breakbabies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young childrenspend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so thelength of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activitiesare scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start ofthe school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Gutiaries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limitactivities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could greduallyincrease the time students spend workingon a single activity.Thethreshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movementsawkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines ona page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paperwith narrow lines is initially introduced, students letters would spill over theborders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within thelarger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help themrefinetheir skills. The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher canremove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, andtell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue fornot building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter theirphysical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher mightdecide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class hasbegun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave inthe media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. Themedia center teacher might ask the studentsto find interesting books and readthem while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable,the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading booksrather than for talking with other students. In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacherrealized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson,such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs studentsand raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to_A. inform B. persuade C. debateD. narrate42. Guthrie identified three methods for_A. educating students B. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrowlines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac king. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method.D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage thatA. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be performed simultaneously C. The fatigue methodmeans that engaging in the behavior is transformdeinto avoidingit by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD. The fatiguemethod is that in presence of stimulus teachers have childmake response incompatible with unwantedresponsePassage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannotafford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreigncountries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too manycompanies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassingwralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in internationaladvertising. General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when itintroduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. Nova is Latin fornew (star) and means star in many languages, but in spoken S