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中国人民大学——英语2023年博士硕士入学考试试题
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II. Vocabulary (10 points)
PartA (5 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Example:
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D.
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [D]
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__
patriotism.
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions
3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it
sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set
up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking
15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and
frustrated thousands of users around the world.
A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria
7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of
competition in schools.
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his
grandparents lived.
A. reconciled B. consolidated
C. deteriorated D. attributed
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to
practice his Chinese.
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be
distributed.
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin
Part B (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.
Example:
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one
.. ;.,ca, ODe
bour.
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable
In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore
you should choose D.
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [DD]
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes.
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and
our own retirement security is ,chilling.
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British
Crown.
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort
17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous
researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different
beorefical and political positions.
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.
A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest.
A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a
more avid fondness for the limelight,
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal
III. Cloze (10 points)
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each
numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the
square bracket on Answer Sheet I.
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,
___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates
___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in
April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too
long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on
Yahoo.
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected
the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was
___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki".
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today,
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers
linked to the web.
1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer
4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record
5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable
7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D.
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath
18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden
19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points)
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the
ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break
babies.
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of
the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit
activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.
The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on
a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them
refine their skills.
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for
not building airplanes.
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has
begun.
The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable,
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books
rather than for talking with other students.
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher
realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson,
such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students
and raise their interest in the course.
41. The purpose of this passage is to___
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__
A. educating students B. altering bad habits
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold
method?
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students
become frustrated or bored.
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands
busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than
snac 'king. What method is used in this example?
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method.
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method.
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes
exhausted
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be
performed simultaneously
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes
a cue for not performing it
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child
make response incompatible with unwanted response
Passage 2
The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign
countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many
companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing
wralts .
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international
advertising.
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it
introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for
new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken S
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