2023年专四必考语法.doc

专四必考语法第2讲:反意疑问句
时间:2023-11-28 13:31:55 来源:可可英语 编辑:Jasmine  英语很烂，元芳你怎么看？ | 可可微信
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Tag Questions 反意疑问句
Detailed Points
一方面判断是助动词还是情态动词
1. Have to
反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有have to时，附加疑问句通常用助动词do。
You have to study hard, don't you?
I don't have to get up early, do I?
They had to obey the rules and regulations of the school, didn't they?
She didn't have to do it herself, did she?
2. Need
反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时，need做情态动词，附加疑问句仍用need，need做实义动词时，附加问句用助动词do。
They needn't make such a loud noise, need they?
He needs the money for his son's education, doesn't he?
3. Had better
反意疑问句的陈述部分为had better时，附加问用助动词had。
You had better go at once, hadn't you?
We'd better call off our appointment, hadn't we?
4. Would rather
反意疑问句的陈述部分为would rather时，附加问句用情态动词would。
You'd rather not do it, would you?
She would rather die than surrender to the enemy, wouldn't she?
5 Used to
反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。
You used to stay up late every evening watching TV, didn't you?
6. Ought to
反意疑问句的陈述部分为ought to时，附加问句用助动词should.
She ought to go by plane, shouldn't she?
We ought not to laugh at others'mistakes, should we?
7. Must
反意疑问句的陈述部分有must，附加问句分三种情况：
⑴must do—mustn't
⑵must be—随人称用系动词一般现在时
⑶must have done—didn't
①We must book the ticket in advance, mustn't we? （必须）
②She must be in the office, isn't she? （肯定）对现在事情的肯定猜测。
③He must have done his homework, didn't he? （肯定）对过去事情的肯定猜测。
8. Wish
反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时，附加问句用情态动词may。
I wish to shake hands with you, may I?
人称和数
1. 陈述部分主语是"I"时，附加问句的人称分二种情况：
⑴I hope that…, don't you?
I can't believe it, can you?
⑵I will be 14 tomorrow, aren't I?
I am interested in it, aren't I?
2.
陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数，附加问句用it指代。
陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、no one 、anybody、anyone等时看作复数，附加问句用they指代。
陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，附加问句用one指代。
3.
Nothing is amazing there,is it?
Something will have to be done about the price,won't it?
Nobody is leaving tomorrow,are they?
Everyone hopes to get promoted,don't they?
Someone left their umbrella in the bus, didn't they?
One can't be too careful, can one?
祈使句后面的附加问句
1. 祈使句后面的附加问句，分三种情况；
⑴表客气、委婉、邀请、劝诱、愿望等时，用won't you 。
Have a cup of coffee, won't you?
⑵表命令、强制的规定、请求时，用will you。
Do it at once, will you?
⑶否认祈使句用will you 。
Don't close the door, will you?
2.
Let's 和let us后面的附加问句，分两种情况；
⑴let's涉及对方在内，用shall we 或shan't we。
⑵let us不涉及对方在内，用will you 或won't you。
Let 后接非us之外的人称如me、him、her、them等时，附加问句用will you。
3.
(1)Let句型
let's go to the movies, shall we?
let us go to the movies, will you ?
let him go, will you?
let me attend the farewell party, will you?
(2)There+be句型的反意疑问句
There+be句型的反意疑问句，附加问句用be there/be not there，由主语人称时态和数决定。
There won't be any trouble, will there?
There's not much news in today's paper, is there?
There has been much confusion since his arrival, hasn’t there?
(3)This/that/It is/was the third time that句型
This/that/It is/was the third time that等句型中，反意主句，用it指代。
This is the third time this week he has been late, isn't it?
It was the second time that she had been to the Great Wall, wasn't it?
主从复合句
1.
I think (suppose…)宾语从句结构，附加问句反意从句分两种情况；
⑴前肯定句，后用否认句。
I think that he is serious, isn't he?
⑵前有否认句，后面附加问句用肯定(I don't think)。
I don't suppose that she is serious, is she?
上述主从复合句主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意主句。
They think Mary will pass the examination, don't they?
2.
I hope+宾语从句结构，附加问句用don't you。
I hope that they study hard, don't you?
感慨句后的附加问句
感慨句后的附加问句指人时，根据人称、数决定用什么指代。指物时，根据单复数决定，用it /they指代。
What an interesting story, isn't it?
What a funny man, isn't he?
How silly they are, aren't they?

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专四必考语法第1讲:虚拟语气
时间:2023-11-25 15:04:52 来源:可可英语 编辑:Jasmine  英语很烂，元芳你怎么看？ | 可可微信
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· 第 1 页：概述
· 第 2 页：讲解
Section One: 概述General Information
虚拟语气类型
宾语从句
状语从句
名词性从句（主语从句，同位语从句， 表语从句）
定语从句
特殊类型 （感慨句）
省略if 的虚拟法 （倒装）
Examples
The rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campusby getting to know the society.
I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.
I wish that I were a student again.
I wished that I had followed his suggestion.
名词性从句中的虚拟
主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)
同位语从句(The +n. that )
表语从句(n. +be that)
省略if 的虚拟法 （倒装）(1)
虚拟语气中假如从句引导词if / whether 省略，从句中需要倒装，提前助动词(系动词）或情态动词。
Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting.
=Should it rain tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.
省略if 的虚拟法 （倒装）(2)
Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.
=Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.
If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.
=Had she been given more information, she could have answered the questions.

专四必考语法第1讲:虚拟语气
时间:2023-11-25 15:04:52 来源:可可英语 编辑:Jasmine  英语很烂，元芳你怎么看？ | 可可微信
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· 第 1 页：概述
· 第 2 页：讲解
Section Two: 详解& 总结Detailed Points & Summary
虚拟语气的动词标志
"insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move, urge,recommend, command, order"等动词表"建议、愿望"时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。Should +V
wish其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气的名词标志
1 “necessity”或“suggestion”等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
2 名词word 表“命令”时，其后主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气 (should)+V。
3 wish 作名词时其后主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气(should)+V。
虚拟语气的形容词标志
It is + adj. that 句型中出现形容词如necessary, important, vital, decisive, critical, crucial,urgent, strange, desirable, advisable, disappointing, 或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested,proposed, advised, demanded, requested, required等时，that 句中用should + V 表达虚拟。
虚拟的介词标志
But for相称于if it had not been for。
But for her help, I would have lost my way.
Without, in the absence of 等组成的短语可相称于一个虚拟的条件从句。
Without the light and heat of the sun, what would become of all the animals on earth?
In the absence of water, plants would not grow well.
Under…condition,也可相称于一个虚拟条件从句。
Under more favorable conditions, we would have made more achievements.
错综时间的虚拟
条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式可与主句中谓语动词的形式不“配套”，即错综时间的虚拟。
If he had done as I had suggested then, he wouldn't be regretful now.
If they hadn't found us then, we would still be missing on the sea.
If I hadn't made sufficient preparation for the exam then, I wouldn't be in college now.
虚拟和事实
（前虚拟后事实）标志: but
Eg. I would have gone to the party with you, but I was too busy.
= If I hadn't been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.
（前事实后虚拟）标志: otherwise
Eg. I was too busy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you.
More Information
was (were) +to have done （不定式完毕式）表达“本来想做而未做”后面通常but…（陈述语气）。
Eg. I was to have arrived home on time, but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam.
had hoped表达过去未实现的愿望，其从句中谓语动词要用虚拟would+V。
Eg. I had hoped that he would agree to lend me the money.