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1、完整word)英语构词法讲解及专项练习 构词法 Word Formation 在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 一、 合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式:1。 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(—)连接。 3。 由两个分开的词构成。 （1) 合成形容词 方式 例词 1形容词＋形容词 red-hot 2形容词＋名词 first—class, full-time， part—time 3形容词＋现在分词 good-looking, free—thinking， 4形容词＋过去分词 ready—made 5形容
2、词＋名词-ed good—tempered, middle—aged， cold-blooded 6名词＋名词-ed iron-willed 7名词＋形容词 world—famous， day-long 8名词＋现在分词 beauty—loving， freedom—loving, job-hunting, 9名词＋过去分词 man-made， water—covered, 10副词＋形容词 ever—green 11副词＋现在分词 hard-working, far—seeing 12副词＋过去分词 well—prepared, quickly—cured
3、 well-known 13数词＋名词 five-year 14数词＋名词+形容词 five-year—old 15数词＋名词—ed four—legged， six-storied (2)合成动词 构成方式 例词 1名词＋动词 day-dream 2副词＋动词 overcome， upturn翻起 3形容词＋动词 white-wash (3）合成名词 构成方式 例词 1名词＋名词 horseback ， bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词＋名词 back-yard， forehead， 3动名词＋名
4、词 hiding place， reading-room 4动词＋副词 get-off, break in， 5副词＋动词 output, overflow (4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever （5）合成代词whoever，, whatever， everyone, nobody, myself, something， anything， 二、派生 Derivation 前缀 前缀 含义 例词 a- 处在…… arise， aside， alone en- 使可能 enrich， ena
5、ble, enslave dis— 不,否定 dissatisfy， dishonest, disappear， disorder, disagree un- 不 做相反动作 unable, unknown， uncommon， uncomfortable, unfair， unclose， undress, uncover， untie in- im— ir- il- 不，非 inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite， immature， imprac
6、tical irregular, irresponsible illogical, non— 不,非 non existent， non—interference, non-conductor, non-stop de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize(分散）, defrost(解冻) anti- 反（对） anti—freeze， anti—fascist mis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings， misunderstand, misfortune re 重复，再 rewrite， remarry, reunite, recycle， c
7、o— 共同 co—exist, co-operate， co-education ex 以前的 Ex—husband， ex—president tele 远程 telephone， telegraph, telescope super— 在上面,超级 supermarket， superpower， under- 在……之下 underline， underestimate, underground, inter- 相互，之间 international, interact, inter—change sub- 下，次 subtitle， subm
8、arine， subconscious， subcontinent， trans— 过,穿过，变 transformation（变形), translate vice— 副 vice-premier, vice—president semi— 半 semifinal， semicircle， semi-automatic bi 两个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的 tri 三个 triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车， triplets三胞胎 mul— 多，多种 multiply, multi—national， multi—c
9、oloured kilo- 千 kilometre， kilogram 后缀 后 缀 例 词 名 词 —er farmer， weaver， pain-killer, murderer， , villager, stranger， speaker, cooker， recorder， heater —ess actress, waitress, princess, hostess -or conductor, sailor, transistor, operator， -ar beggar —ese Chinese, Portuguese，
10、Japanese -ian musician， Egyptian, physician -ist scientist, dentist， communist, socialist, -ent/—ant assistant -ment argument, judgment, government —ness happiness， greatness， illness, coldness， sleeplessness —tion dictation， preparation， repetition， action, information, invention -in
11、g building， wedding, painting —ship leadership, friendship, hardship -age shortage, marriage, leakage —ty loyalty, cruelty， penalty， sixty, twenty, thirty， certainty —th truth, warmth， length, growth, fifteenth， fourth -ance acceptance， assistance, reliance， appearance —ence dependence，
12、 confidence, reference， entrance, defence —ful mouthful, handful, plateful， -al refusal, denial， arrival —y difficulty, possibility, -dom freedom, wisdom, kingdom —ism socialism， materialism 注意： —ese， -ian， —ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。 -er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。 后 缀 例 词
13、 形 容 词 —al central， industrial， national, natural -an European, American， Australian —ern eastern, northern， southern —able reasonable， horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable， sensible -ful careful， cheerful， grateful， faithful， —ish childish, Swedish, selfish
14、 —ive destructive, collective， active， creative, effective —y thirsty， dirty, windy， sunny， cloudy, healthy, funny -less careless, hopeless， helpless， homeless， sleepless, fearless， limitless —en golden, wooden， woolen —ous courageous, famous, continuous， serious, various —ary imaginary,
15、revolutionary， secondary —ic realistic， historic, poetic —some troublesome， burdensome, lonesome, handsome —like childlike, womanlike， manlike -ant ignorant， significant， observant， important —ent diligent， silent, excellent, frequent -ly lively， friendly, lovely, weekly， brotherly， mot
16、herly -ish childish, foolish 后 缀 例 词 动 词 —ize realize， modernize， mechanize， criticize， -en widen, strengthen， lengthen, sharpen, widen， shorten， quicken, deepen -fy Simplify, beautify, terrify， 后 缀 例 词 副 词 —ward（s） forward， northward, backward， downward —ly slowl
17、y, quickly， carefully， loudly， happily， friendly 三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1. 名词和动词之间的转化 telephone电话-—打电话， mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映， drink喝——饮料, record录音-—记录, name， date, hand, study， 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3.名词转化为形容词（副词) front前面—-前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首
18、领 语法填空之构词法专项练习 1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die） is heavier than Mount Tai。 2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________（long）。 3. How________ (fool) he is! 4.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________（free) bravely. 5. What you sa
19、id sounded________（reason) but in fact it was untrue。 6.One thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary。 7。________ （honest）speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose。 8. Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal） drugs。 9。 As he tried to read a map， he drove off the
20、road into a river ______ (luck） 10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous）。 11。The weather was good except for an _________ (occasion） shower。 12. The big earthquake made thousands of people ________(home)。 13。 I'm very careful not to give out my ________ (person) informatio
21、n. 14. To his______(puzzle)， his son was ___（happy） hammering dents（凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck。 15。 While your IQ tells you how ______ (intelligence） you are, …… 16. Diet and exercise are __________(equal) important. 17. I felt a great sense of ___________(achieve）when I reached the t
22、op of the mountain. 18. The police successfully arrested Richard Matt ， who was one of the country’s most wanted __________（crime). 19。 My _________（suggest) is that we should always have a notebook within easy reach. 20。The police were interviewing the 30 museum __________（employ） 21. The mothe
23、r didn't know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise) 22. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear） 23。 Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. （simple) 24。 It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy) 25。 Edison was a g
24、reat ______。 During his life he had many ______。 （invent) 26。 More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years。 (foreign） 27。 We want _________ reasons for your failure to help。 (satisfy) 28. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.（operate） 29。 The teacher was pleased with her _______。 (honest) 30. The police have _______ a plot against the President。 (cover) 9
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