英语构词法讲解及专项练习.doc

(完整word)英语构词法讲解及专项练习构词法 Word Formation在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。一、 合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式:1。 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符()连接。 3。 由两个分开的词构成。（1) 合成形容词方式例词1形容词形容词red-hot2形容词名词firstclass, full-time， parttime3形容词现在分词good-looking, freethinking， 4形容词过去分词readymade5形容词名词-edgoodtempered, middleaged， cold-blooded6名词名词-ediron-willed7名词形容词worldfamous， day-long 8名词现在分词beautyloving， freedomloving, job-hunting, 9名词过去分词man-made， watercovered, 10副词形容词evergreen11副词现在分词hard-working, farseeing12副词过去分词wellprepared, quicklycured, well-known13数词名词five-year14数词名词+形容词five-yearold15数词名词edfourlegged， six-storied (2)合成动词构成方式例词1名词动词day-dream2副词动词overcome， upturn翻起3形容词动词white-wash(3）合成名词构成方式例词1名词名词horseback ， bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词名词back-yard， forehead， 3动名词名词hiding place， reading-room4动词副词get-off, break in， 5副词动词output, overflow(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever （5）合成代词whoever，, whatever， everyone, nobody, myself, something， anything， 二、派生 Derivation前缀前缀含义例词a-处在arise， aside， aloneen-使可能enrich， enable, enslavedis不,否定dissatisfy， dishonest, disappear， disorder, disagreeun-不做相反动作unable, unknown， uncommon， uncomfortable, unfair， unclose， undress, uncover， untiein-imir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite， immature， impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non不,非non existent， noninterference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展Decentralize(分散）, defrost(解冻)anti-反（对）antifreeze， antifascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings， misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite， remarry, reunite, recycle， co共同coexist, co-operate， co-educationex以前的Exhusband， expresidenttele远程telephone， telegraph, telescopesuper在上面,超级supermarket， superpower， under-在之下underline， underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之间international, interact, interchangesub-下，次subtitle， submarine， subconscious， subcontinent， trans过,穿过，变transformation（变形), translatevice副vice-premier, vicepresidentsemi半semifinal， semicircle， semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车， triplets三胞胎mul多，多种multiply, multinational， multicolouredkilo-千kilometre， kilogram 后缀 后 缀例 词名词erfarmer， weaver， pain-killer, murderer， , villager, stranger， speaker, cooker， recorder， heateressactress, waitress, princess, hostess-orconductor, sailor, transistor, operator， -arbeggareseChinese, Portuguese， Japanese-ianmusician， Egyptian, physician-istscientist, dentist， communist, socialist, -ent/antassistant -mentargument, judgment, governmentnesshappiness， greatness， illness, coldness， sleeplessnesstiondictation， preparation， repetition， action, information, invention-ingbuilding， wedding, paintingshipleadership, friendship, hardship-ageshortage, marriage, leakagetyloyalty, cruelty， penalty， sixty, twenty, thirty， certaintythtruth, warmth， length, growth, fifteenth， fourth-anceacceptance， assistance, reliance， appearanceencedependence， confidence, reference， entrance, defencefulmouthful, handful, plateful， -alrefusal, denial， arrivalydifficulty, possibility, -domfreedom, wisdom, kingdomismsocialism， materialism注意： ese， -ian， ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。后 缀例 词形容词alcentral， industrial， national, natural-anEuropean, American， Australianerneastern, northern， southernablereasonable， horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable， sensible-fulcareful， cheerful， grateful， faithful， ishchildish, Swedish, selfishivedestructive, collective， active， creative, effectiveythirsty， dirty, windy， sunny， cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless， helpless， homeless， sleepless, fearless， limitlessengolden, wooden， woolenouscourageous, famous, continuous， serious, variousaryimaginary, revolutionary， secondaryicrealistic， historic, poeticsometroublesome， burdensome, lonesome, handsomelikechildlike, womanlike， manlike-antignorant， significant， observant， importantentdiligent， silent, excellent, frequent -lylively， friendly, lovely, weekly， brotherly， motherly-ishchildish, foolish后 缀例 词动词izerealize， modernize， mechanize， criticize， -enwiden, strengthen， lengthen, sharpen, widen， shorten， quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify， 后 缀例 词副词ward（s）forward， northward, backward， downwardlyslowly, quickly， carefully， loudly， happily， friendly三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话-打电话， mirror镜子像镜子一样反映， drink喝饮料, record录音-记录, name， date, hand, study， 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的-使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词) front前面-前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的首领 语法填空之构词法专项练习1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his_（die） is heavier than Mount Tai。2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _（long）。3. How_ (fool) he is! 4.The black people were against slavery and fought for their _（free) bravely.5. What you said sounded_（reason) but in fact it was untrue。6.One thing you should do is to _(large) your vocabulary。7。_ （honest）speaking，I didnt do it on purpose。8. Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_ (legal） drugs。9。 Ashetriedtoreadamap，hedroveofftheroadintoariver_(luck）10. Thunder and lightning happen _ (simultaneous）。11。The weather was good except for an _ (occasion） shower。 12. The big earthquake made thousands of people _(home)。13。 Im very careful not to give out my _ (person) information.14. To his_(puzzle)， his son was _（happy） hammering dents（凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck。15。 While your IQ tells you how _ (intelligence） you are, 16. Diet and exercise are _(equal) important.17. I felt a great sense of _(achieve）when I reached the top of the mountain.18. The police successfully arrested Richard Matt ， who was one of the countrys most wanted _（crime).19。 My _（suggest) is that we should always have a notebook within easy reach.20。The police were interviewing the 30 museum _（employ）21.Themotherdidntknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_.(noise)22. Theboyhadthe_ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear）23。 Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill_mytask.（simple)24。Itsnowed_lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)25。Edisonwasagreat_。Duringhislifehehadmany_。（invent)26。Moreandmore_havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears。(foreign）27。Wewant_reasonsforyourfailuretohelp。(satisfy)28.ThedoctorsaidthatMarysmotherneededan_.（operate）29。Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_。(honest)30.Thepolicehave_aplotagainstthePresident。(cover)9