雅思写作必备分类词汇(最).doc

雅思写作必备的分类词汇Education作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ；青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生分开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈studentsfeedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachersperformance通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline 管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation involvement干扰n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获取vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student-centered熟练掌握be proficient in 榜样role model同龄人n. peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective动力n. motivation沮丧n. frustration家长给小孩的教育n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities（某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)有创造力的adj. creative / original对非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色perform well为打好基础lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊严n. dignity评估n. evaluation对非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉迷于indulge in 发人深思的adj. thought-provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握n. literacy对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy误入歧途go astray给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启发的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promote the students physical/ mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instillhigh moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握studentsgrasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorizations own sake责任感a sense of obligation/ duty/ res-ponsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从follow sth.blindly/ follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力的发展extinguish/ stifle/ constrain creativity打击学生的积极性dampen ( or sap ) the studentsenthusiasm/ frustrate the students产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure塑造某人的性格mold ones character来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically课外活动extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影。Aschool is society in miniature.不遵守纪律n. indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief违反纪律的学生disruptive/ unruly students理论知识theoretical knowledge双语的adj. bilingual形容人嘴特碎的adj. nagging有趣的adj. stimulating认知的adj. cognitive监护人n. guardian中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生n. valedictorian大学毕业成绩最顶尖graduate summa cum laude阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate（学生）自我管理n. autonomy启迪n. edification具体一门课的内容n. SyllabusTechnology非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art尖端的adj. cutting-edge彻底变革vt. revolutionize自动化的adj. automated机械化的adj. mechanized电脑生成的adj. computer-generated组装线assembly line大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变vt. transform突破n. breakthrough打破（传统的）界限break boundaries无限的可能endless possibilities发展v.&n. advance信息过剩information overload信息爆炸information explosion自给自足n. self-sufficiency虚拟世界the virtual world脱离现实be detached from reality（电脑的）摄像头n. webcam不可想象的adj. inconceivable远程通讯n. telecommunications高生产率的adj. productive自动化n. automation可利用的adj. available新颖的adj. novel耐用的adj. durable对用户友好的，方便使用的adj. user-friendly常规的adj. conventional增进，提高vt. enhance= boost加速speed up/ accelerate生产，制造vt. manufacture标准化的adj. standardized印刷机printing press电报n. telegraph外科手术n. surgery采用vt. adopt在家远程上班n. telecommuting网络银行（业务）online banking提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost productivity减少人力的机器labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery自动化n. Automation生物技术n. biotechnology克隆v. clone远程通讯n. telecommunications太空探索space exploration/ space probe人的基因构成ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programming创新n. innovations有独创性的，精巧的adj.ingenious以惊人的速度at a staggering rate超轻的adj. ultra-lightweight超薄的adj. ultra-thin便携的adj. portable天线n. antenna器官移植organ transplant心脏起搏器n. pacemaker交易n. transactions载人登月manned landing on the Moon载人航天器manned spacecraft通讯卫星telecommunications satellite气象卫星weather satellite/ meteorological satellite发射台launch pad哈勃太空望远镜the Hubble Space Telescope防弹背心bulletproof vest尖端的技术cutting-edge technology信息爆炸information explosion ( or over-load)信息时代the information age ( or era)互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressionsMedia好奇心n. curiosity可靠的adj. dependable/ trustworthy报道n. coverage成为头条新闻make headlines有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy信息量大的adj. informative娱乐性强的adj. entertaining商品n. commodity商业化的adj. commercialized隐私n. privacy收视率n. ratings指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开go viral评价过高的adj. overrated记者n. journalists新闻界the press（多半指女孩子）追星族n. groupies追星族n. teenybopper某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物n. icon演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功make a splash澄清vt. clarify审查n. censorship夸大事实blow things out of proportion完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt. sway电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告n. commercial小传单广告n. flyer大幅广告牌n. billboard海报n. poster小报儿n. tabloid有奖竞猜节目quiz show真人秀reality show情景喜剧n. sitcom肥皂剧soap opera综艺节目variety show时事current affairs印刷媒体the print media电子媒体the electronic media报道新闻的机构news outlets充斥着be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with审查v. censor删除v. delete/ eliminate/ excise过多的暴力与色情内容excessive (or gratuitous ) violent and pornographic contents有误导性的adj. misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted诈骗性的adj. fraudulent虚假的adj. false/ bogus报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in graphic detail夸大事件exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportions公正客观的objective and balanced揭露v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私violate (or intrude on/ infringe on ) someones privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch ones reputation狗仔队n. ( pl.) paparazzi名人n. ( pl.) celebrities丑闻n. scandals掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over/ whitewash客观的adj. Objective不客观的adj. biased/ skewed/ unobjective如实的描述factual accounts可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy/ dependable及时的up-to-date/ up-to-minute道德准则code of ethics/ code of conduct监督vt. scrutinize无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent荒唐的，可笑的adj. absurd/ ludicrous高调的/低调的adj. high-profile/ low-profile独家新闻exclusive news（明星的）光环the glitz and glamour魅力四射的adj. glamorous处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight/ in the limelight媒体炒作media hype传闻n. gossip捏造的adj. FabricatedSuccess决心n. determination座右铭n. motto家喻户晓的名字a household name有一定成就的（形容人）adj. established辉煌的adj. glorious绝望n.&vi. despair适应能力强的adj. adaptable名望n. fame（很高的）声望n. prestige名声n. reputation不幸n. misfortune概率n. probability残疾的adj. disabled在某方面成功succeed in sth.态度n. attitude毅力n. tenacity/ perseverance 一种直接而且被证明有效的去除的方法a proven and straightforward way to do sth.努力去做的事情n. commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor很有本事极容易成功的人go-getter很多人都希望得到的adj. highly-sought-after逆境n. adversity/ hardship很渴望得到have a yearning/ longing/ craving for sth.个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性upward mobility优秀的adj. remarkableexcellentoutstandingdistinguished意志力n. willpower挫折n. setback坚忍不拔的adj. rugged顽固的adj. stubborn决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive不可逾越的adj. insurmountable某方面技能很高be adept in不知名的，默默无闻的adj. obscure身份和地位的象征status symbol战略，行动安排n. strategy坚持adhere to 对手n. rival不切实际的幻想n. illusion不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable深思熟虑的adj. well-thought-out从贫穷到富有的成功故事a rags-to-riches story昙花一现be a flash in the pan长处n. (pl.) strengths弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses重大的过错n. blunder可以原谅的错误n. peccadillo有魅力的adj. CharismaticWork焦虑n. anxiety分配vt. assign冲突v.&n. conflict热情地接受v. embrace尝试n.&v. attempt竞争激烈的adj. competitive技巧很高的adj. accomplished在方面很出众vi. excelin 蓝领n. blue-collar白领n. white-collar谈判n. negotiation应试技巧n. technique胜利n. triumph反馈n. feedback工作非常勤奋的adj. industrious建设性的adj. constructive有压力的adj. stressful令人筋疲力尽的adj. Exhausting高薪/底薪工作high-paying jobs/ low-paying jobs工资过高的adj. overpaid升级vt.&n. upgrade同事n. colleague同事n. coworker同事（蓝领）n. workmate明确的目标clear-cut/ specific goals员工的热情staff morale可行的adj. feasible耗时间的adj. time-consuming妥协n.&v. compromise牺牲n.&v. sacrifice责任分配delegation of responsibilities工作量n. workload心理压力psychological strain裁员n. layoff/ downsizing尽职尽责的adj. conscientious当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”n.&vt. Approach (to)招聘vt. recruit激烈的竞争stiff/ fierce competition高水准的adj. high-caliber重大错误n. blunder有热情的adj. enthusiastic讨厌的人或东西n. nuisance自我表达n. self-expression自我印象，对自己的评价n. self-image自尊n. self-esteem远程会议n. teleconference/ teleconferencing一种很知足的状态n. contentment评价，评估n. assessment/ evaluation时间限制，时间上的制约n. time constraints不愿意去做某事be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.“工作”的正式说法n. profession/ occupation事业n. career天职n. calling敬业精神work ethic职业水准n. professionalism很高的专业素养n. expertise经验丰富的adj. experienced工作单位n. workplace白手起家的创业者n. entrepreneur事业心强的adj. enterprising艰巨的adj. daunting/ formidable睡眠严重不足的adj. sleep-deprived（人）闲着的，（物品）闲置的adj. idle重要的adj. significantessentialvital狂热n. zeal十分投入的adj. devoted/ fervent/ ardent高尚的adj. lofty/ noble工作满意度job satisfaction稳定性n. stability非常难做的工作back-breaking work给人的精神压力很大的adj. nerve-racking和压力有关的疾病stress-induced diseases努力exert oneself满足感n. gratification合作vi. collaborate(with)就业技能employableskills人际交往能力interpersonal skills职业前景career prospects重复性的adj. repetitive自由职业者n. freelancer自雇的self-employed people人员，员工（集合概念）n. personnel有竞争力的adj. competent完美的adj. flawless失眠n. insomnia加班work overtime工作狂n. workaholic激励物，奖励条件n. incentive奖励，回报n. reward以身作则lead by example团结n. solidarity一致n. unity苛刻的adj. demanding薪酬n. compensation抱怨vt. whine员工福利fringe benefits/ perks/ employeebenefits偏执的adj. compulsive礼仪n. etiquette合作n. collaboration超级忙碌的adj. HecticGovernment废除（法律、制度等）vt. abolish实施vt. Implement使合法化vt. legalize首要任务n. priority建立vt. establish减轻、缓解vt. alleviate=ease =relieve当局the authorities禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit立法n. legislation税收tax revenue民主的adj. democratic高效率的adj. efficient优化资源分配optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定n. stability解决vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with严厉的，严格的adj. stringent短视的adj. short-sighted支出，花费n. expenditure社会保险social security老百姓n. citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory监督n. scrutiny监督v. scrutinize/ monitor为拨款allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.预算n. budget政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.削减v. curtail增加v. augment当务之急n. priority把当作当务之急give priority to sth.责任n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛n. arms race自卫n. self-defense国土安全national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy扩张n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环a viciouscircle地区不稳定因素destabilizingfactors规章制度rules and regulations太空竞赛space race武器n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施n. infrastructure公共交通系统public transportation/ transit system电网power grid石油天然气管线pipelines给排水系统water supply and drainagesystem民主与开明的政府a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施a stopgap measureFriends察觉到vt. detect外貌n. appearance吸引，吸引力n. attraction喜欢社交的adj. sociable忠实的adj. loyal志向ambition陪伴n. company（人）动手能力强的，（物品）轻便的adj. handy乐于并善于合作的adj. cooperative有条理的adj. organized聪明的adj. intelligent有天赋的，有才华的adj. gifted/ talented体育好的adj. athletic无忧无虑的，乐天派的happy-go-lucky/ carefree相互的adj. mutual有艺术气息的adj. artistic真诚的adj. sincere直率的adj. candid/ frank背叛vt. betray敌意n. animosity/ antagonism靠不住的朋友fair-weather friend好感，关爱n. affection拥抱n.&vt. hug安慰某人vt. reassuresb./ comfort sb.肤浅的，表面化的adj. superficial/ shallow表述清晰的，口才好的adj. eloquent永恒的adj. eternal活泼的，活跃的adj. lively谦虚的adj. modest尴尬的adj. awkward对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态adj. self-conscious两难的困境n. Dilemma确定性n. certainty真实的，真正的adj. genuine低估v. underestimate美德n. virtue调解v. reconcile荒唐可笑的adj. absurd/ ridiculous很烦人的adj. irritating承受力或者恢复能力强的adj. resilient低调的adj. low-profile/ low-key很支持的adj. supportive有感染力的adj. contagious豁达的，接受能力强的adj. open-minded狭隘的生活态度a parochial outlook toward life喜欢独处的solitary内向的adj. reserved富有同情心的adj. compassionate不爱多说话的adj. reticent让某人逐渐放得开bring a person out of his/ her shell本意虽好但把事情做砸了的adj. well-intentioned/ well-meaning自我欺骗n. self-deception爱骗人的adj. deceitful自信的adj. assertive/ self-assured容忍的adj. tolerant机灵的adj. witty有智慧的adj. wise体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding口齿清楚的，表达能力强的adj. articulate很逗的adj. amusing极度搞笑的adj. hilarious过于自我的adj. egotistical漠然的adj. indifferent (to )孤立的adj. isolated喜欢虚荣的adj. vain懒散的adj. laid-back很友善的adj. congenial优雅的adj. elegantgraceful好朋友n. chum花束n. bouquet杰出的adj. prominent（人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的adj. sophisticated顽强的adj. touch琐碎的adj. trivialOld vs. Young风俗习惯n. custom尊敬的adj. respectful很有活力的adj. energetic dynamic有前途的adj. promising保守的adj. conservative根深蒂固的adj. entrenched/ ingrained悔恨的adj. rueful常规n. norm做事很主动的adj. proactive老式的adj. old-fashioned过时的adj. antiquated/ outdated恶化vi. deteriorate过时了的，没人用了的adj. obsolete僵化不变的adj. fossilized人均寿命life expectancy史无前例的adj. unprecedented groundbreaking某事物并不是一成不变的is/ are not carved in stone不实际的adj. impractical/ unrealistic沉思n. reflection怀旧的adj. nostalgic空巢综合症empty-nest syndrome中年危机midlife crisis困惑的adj. confused/ bewildered/ puzzled迷失了方向的adj. disoriented心态n. mindset成熟n. maturity有活力的adj. dynamic挥之不去linger in ones mind退休状态或者退休后的时间n. retirement退了休的老人n. retiree老年公寓retirement home养老保险retire-ment plan/ pension