雅思写作必备分类词汇(最).doc

雅思写作必备的分类词汇
Education
作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment
选修课n. elective
学分n. credit
青少年n. adolescent ；青春期的adj. adolescent
青少年children and youth
教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology
适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.
适应能力n. adaptability
应用v. apply
把学生分开教育segregate students
团队精神team spirit
独立思考think independently
在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding
学生的反馈students’feedback
学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’performance
通才n. generalist
专才n. specialist
全面发展的adj. well-rounded
为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)
人文学科n. humanities
社会科学social sciences
艺术n. arts
文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts
理科n. sciences
工科n. engineering
基础科学basic sciences
应用科学applied sciences
学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline 管教vt. discipline
自制力n. self-discipline
小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education
职业教育vocational education/ training
互动vt. interact
学校给学生的教育n. schooling
学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)
心理的adj. psychological
参与n. participation ≈involvement
干扰n. distraction
记忆vt. memorize
获取vt. acquire
以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered
以学生为中心的adj. student-centered
熟练掌握……be proficient in
榜样role model
同龄人n. peer
对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective
动力n. motivation
沮丧n. frustration
家长给小孩的教育n. parenting
用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities
（某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)
有创造力的adj. creative / original
对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)
表现出色perform well
为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for
自尊n. self-esteem
尊严n. dignity
评估n. evaluation
对……非常好的掌握n. mastery
好奇心n. curiosity
精英n. elite
应试教育test-oriented education
富于想象力的imaginative
沉迷于……indulge in …
发人深思的adj. thought-provoking
无知的adj. ignorant
文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate
学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler
对文字技能的掌握n. literacy
对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy
误入歧途go astray
给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing
令人振奋的adj. uplifting
给人动力的adj. motivating
单亲家庭n. single-parent family
未成年人n. minors
溺爱vt. spoil
青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime
欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully
逃学n. truancy
很有启发的adj. enlightening
成型的阶段formative years
植物学n. botany
天文学n. astronomy
培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture
促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) and emotional development
心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare
给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.
传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge
灌输高尚的道德观instillhigh moral values
给学生以灵感give the students inspiration
学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught
就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills
填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students
学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.
死记硬背learn things by rote
为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization’s own sake
责任感a sense of obligation/ duty/ res-ponsibility
记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws
盲从follow sth.blindly/ follow sth. indiscriminately
限制创造力的发展extinguish/ stifle/ constrain creativity
打击学生的积极性dampen ( or sap ) the students’enthusiasm/ frustrate the students
产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure
塑造某人的性格mold one’s character
来自其他同学的压力peer pressure
逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically
课外活动extra-curricular activities
学校是社会的缩影。Aschool is society in miniature.
不遵守纪律n. indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief
违反纪律的学生disruptive/ unruly students
理论知识theoretical knowledge
双语的adj. bilingual
形容人嘴特碎的adj. nagging
有趣的adj. stimulating
认知的adj. cognitive
监护人n. guardian
中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生n. valedictorian
大学毕业成绩最顶尖graduate summa cum laude
阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate
（学生）自我管理n. autonomy
启迪n. edification
具体一门课的内容n. Syllabus
Technology
非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art
尖端的adj. cutting-edge
彻底变革vt. revolutionize
自动化的adj. automated
机械化的adj. mechanized
电脑生成的adj. computer-generated
组装线assembly line
大规模生产mass-production
省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical
深刻改变vt. transform
突破n. breakthrough
打破（传统的）界限break boundaries
无限的可能endless possibilities
发展v.&n. advance
信息过剩information overload
信息爆炸information explosion
自给自足n. self-sufficiency
虚拟世界the virtual world
脱离现实be detached from reality
（电脑的）摄像头n. webcam
不可想象的adj. inconceivable
远程通讯n. telecommunications
高生产率的adj. productive
自动化n. automation
可利用的adj. available
新颖的adj. novel
耐用的adj. durable
对用户友好的，方便使用的adj. user-friendly
常规的adj. conventional
增进，提高vt. enhance= boost
加速speed up/ accelerate
生产，制造vt. manufacture
标准化的adj. standardized
印刷机printing press
电报n. telegraph
外科手术n. surgery
采用vt. adopt
在家远程上班n. telecommuting
网络银行（业务）online banking
提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency
提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost productivity
减少人力的机器labor-saving machinery
取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery
自动化n. Automation
生物技术n. biotechnology
克隆v. clone
远程通讯n. telecommunications
太空探索space exploration/ space probe
人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming
创新n. innovations
有独创性的，精巧的adj.ingenious
以惊人的速度at a staggering rate
超轻的adj. ultra-lightweight
超薄的adj. ultra-thin
便携的adj. portable
天线n. antenna
器官移植organ transplant
心脏起搏器n. pacemaker
交易n. transactions
载人登月manned landing on the Moon
载人航天器manned spacecraft
通讯卫星telecommunications satellite
气象卫星weather satellite/ meteorological satellite
发射台launch pad
哈勃太空望远镜the Hubble Space Telescope
防弹背心bulletproof vest
尖端的技术cutting-edge technology
信息爆炸information explosion ( or over-load)
信息时代the information age ( or era)
互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet
科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressions
Media
好奇心n. curiosity
可靠的adj. dependable/ trustworthy
报道n. coverage
成为头条新闻make headlines
有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy
信息量大的adj. informative
娱乐性强的adj. entertaining
商品n. commodity
商业化的adj. commercialized
隐私n. privacy
收视率n. ratings
指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开go viral
评价过高的adj. overrated
记者n. journalists
新闻界the press
（多半指女孩子）追星族n. groupies
追星族n. teenybopper
某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物n. icon
演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功make a splash
澄清vt. clarify
审查n. censorship
夸大事实blow things out of proportion
完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world
（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt. sway
电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告n. commercial
小传单广告n. flyer
大幅广告牌n. billboard
海报n. poster
小报儿n. tabloid
有奖竞猜节目quiz show
真人秀reality show
情景喜剧n. sitcom
肥皂剧soap opera
综艺节目variety show
时事current affairs
印刷媒体the print media
电子媒体the electronic media
报道新闻的机构news outlets
充斥着……be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with
审查v. censor
删除v. delete/ eliminate/ excise
过多的暴力与色情内容excessive (or gratuitous ) violent and pornographic contents
有误导性的adj. misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted
诈骗性的adj. fraudulent
虚假的adj. false/ bogus
报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in graphic detail
夸大事件exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportions
公正客观的objective and balanced
揭露v. expose/ reveal
侵犯隐私violate (or intrude on/ infringe on ) someone’s privacy
毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch one’s reputation
狗仔队n. ( pl.) paparazzi
名人n. ( pl.) celebrities
丑闻n. scandals
掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over/ whitewash
客观的adj. Objective
不客观的adj. biased/ skewed/ unobjective
如实的描述factual accounts
可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy/ dependable
及时的up-to-date/ up-to-minute
道德准则code of ethics/ code of conduct
监督vt. scrutinize
无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent
荒唐的，可笑的adj. absurd/ ludicrous
高调的/低调的adj. high-profile/ low-profile
独家新闻exclusive news
（明星的）光环the glitz and glamour
魅力四射的adj. glamorous
处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight/ in the limelight
媒体炒作media hype
传闻n. gossip
捏造的adj. Fabricated
Success
决心n. determination
座右铭n. motto
家喻户晓的名字a household name
有一定成就的（形容人）adj. established
辉煌的adj. glorious
绝望n.&vi. despair
适应能力强的adj. adaptable
名望n. fame
（很高的）声望n. prestige
名声n. reputation
不幸n. misfortune
概率n. probability
残疾的adj. disabled
在某方面成功succeed in sth.
态度n. attitude
毅力n. tenacity/ perseverance
一种直接而且被证明有效的去除……的方法a proven and straightforward way to do sth.
努力去做的事情n. commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor
很有本事极容易成功的人go-getter
很多人都希望得到的adj. highly-sought-after
逆境n. adversity/ hardship
很渴望得到……have a yearning/ longing/ craving for sth.
个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性upward mobility
优秀的adj. remarkable→excellent→outstanding→distinguished
意志力n. willpower
挫折n. setback
坚忍不拔的adj. rugged
顽固的adj. stubborn
决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive
不可逾越的adj. insurmountable
某方面技能很高be adept in
不知名的，默默无闻的adj. obscure
身份和地位的象征status symbol
战略，行动安排n. strategy
坚持adhere to
对手n. rival
不切实际的幻想n. illusion
不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable
深思熟虑的adj. well-thought-out
从贫穷到富有的成功故事a rags-to-riches story
昙花一现be a flash in the pan
长处n. (pl.) strengths
弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses
重大的过错n. blunder
可以原谅的错误n. peccadillo
有魅力的adj. Charismatic
Work
焦虑n. anxiety
分配vt. assign
冲突v.&n. conflict
热情地接受v. embrace
尝试n.&v. attempt
竞争激烈的adj. competitive
技巧很高的adj. accomplished
在……方面很出众vi. excelin …
蓝领n. blue-collar
白领n. white-collar
谈判n. negotiation
应试技巧n. technique
胜利n. triumph
反馈n. feedback
工作非常勤奋的adj. industrious
建设性的adj. constructive
有压力的adj. stressful
令人筋疲力尽的adj. Exhausting
高薪/底薪工作high-paying jobs/ low-paying jobs
工资过高的adj. overpaid
升级vt.&n. upgrade
同事n. colleague
同事n. coworker
同事（蓝领）n. workmate
明确的目标clear-cut/ specific goals
员工的热情staff morale
可行的adj. feasible
耗时间的adj. time-consuming
妥协n.&v. compromise
牺牲n.&v. sacrifice
责任分配delegation of responsibilities
工作量n. workload
心理压力psychological strain
裁员n. layoff/ downsizing
尽职尽责的adj. conscientious
当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”n.&vt. Approach (to)
招聘vt. recruit
激烈的竞争stiff/ fierce competition
高水准的adj. high-caliber
重大错误n. blunder
有热情的adj. enthusiastic
讨厌的人或东西n. nuisance
自我表达n. self-expression
自我印象，对自己的评价n. self-image
自尊n. self-esteem
远程会议n. teleconference/ teleconferencing
一种很知足的状态n. contentment
评价，评估n. assessment/ evaluation
时间限制，时间上的制约n. time constraints
不愿意去做某事be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.
“工作”的正式说法n. profession/ occupation
事业n. career
天职n. calling
敬业精神work ethic
职业水准n. professionalism
很高的专业素养n. expertise
经验丰富的adj. experienced
工作单位n. workplace
白手起家的创业者n. entrepreneur
事业心强的adj. enterprising
艰巨的adj. daunting/ formidable
睡眠严重不足的adj. sleep-deprived
（人）闲着的，（物品）闲置的adj. idle
重要的adj. significant→essential→vital
狂热n. zeal
十分投入的adj. devoted/ fervent/ ardent
高尚的adj. lofty/ noble
工作满意度job satisfaction
稳定性n. stability
非常难做的工作back-breaking work
给人的精神压力很大的adj. nerve-racking
和压力有关的疾病stress-induced diseases
努力exert oneself
满足感n. gratification
合作vi. collaborate(with)
就业技能employableskills
人际交往能力interpersonal skills
职业前景career prospects
重复性的adj. repetitive
自由职业者n. freelancer
自雇的self-employed people
人员，员工（集合概念）n. personnel
有竞争力的adj. competent
完美的adj. flawless
失眠n. insomnia
加班work overtime
工作狂n. workaholic
激励物，奖励条件n. incentive
奖励，回报n. reward
以身作则lead by example
团结n. solidarity
一致n. unity
苛刻的adj. demanding
薪酬n. compensation
抱怨vt. whine
员工福利fringe benefits/ perks/ employeebenefits
偏执的adj. compulsive
礼仪n. etiquette
合作n. collaboration
超级忙碌的adj. Hectic
Government
废除（法律、制度等）vt. abolish
实施vt. Implement
使……合法化vt. legalize
首要任务n. priority
建立vt. establish
减轻、缓解vt. alleviate=ease =relieve
当局the authorities
禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit
立法n. legislation
税收tax revenue
民主的adj. democratic
高效率的adj. efficient
优化资源分配optimize the distribution of res-ources
稳定n. stability
解决vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with
严厉的，严格的adj. stringent
短视的adj. short-sighted
支出，花费n. expenditure
社会保险social security
老百姓n. citizens/ the citizenry
规范，管理v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee
严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether
严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation
强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory
监督n. scrutiny
监督v. scrutinize/ monitor
为……拨款allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.
预算n. budget
政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.
削减v. curtail
增加v. augment
当务之急n. priority
把……当作当务之急give priority to sth.
责任n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation
军备竞赛n. arms race
自卫n. self-defense
国土安全national security/ homeland security
缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy
扩张n. expansion/ aggression
谋求霸权seek/ pursue hegemony
恶性循环a viciouscircle
地区不稳定因素destabilizingfactors
规章制度rules and regulations
太空竞赛space race
武器n. arms/ weapons/ armaments
下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers
失业n. unemployment/ joblessness
基础设施n. infrastructure
公共交通系统public transportation/ transit system
电网power grid
石油天然气管线pipelines
给排水系统water supply and drainagesystem
民主与开明的政府a democratic and progressive government
临时的应急措施a stopgap measure
Friends
察觉到vt. detect
外貌n. appearance
吸引，吸引力n. attraction
喜欢社交的adj. sociable
忠实的adj. loyal
志向ambition
陪伴n. company
（人）动手能力强的，（物品）轻便的adj. handy
乐于并善于合作的adj. cooperative
有条理的adj. organized
聪明的adj. intelligent
有天赋的，有才华的adj. gifted/ talented
体育好的adj. athletic
无忧无虑的，乐天派的happy-go-lucky/ carefree
相互的adj. mutual
有艺术气息的adj. artistic
真诚的adj. sincere
直率的adj. candid/ frank
背叛vt. betray
敌意n. animosity/ antagonism
靠不住的朋友fair-weather friend
好感，关爱n. affection
拥抱n.&vt. hug
安慰某人vt. reassuresb./ comfort sb.
肤浅的，表面化的adj. superficial/ shallow
表述清晰的，口才好的adj. eloquent
永恒的adj. eternal
活泼的，活跃的adj. lively
谦虚的adj. modest
尴尬的adj. awkward
对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态adj. self-conscious
两难的困境n. Dilemma
确定性n. certainty
真实的，真正的adj. genuine
低估v. underestimate
美德n. virtue
调解v. reconcile
荒唐可笑的adj. absurd/ ridiculous
很烦人的adj. irritating
承受力或者恢复能力强的adj. resilient
低调的adj. low-profile/ low-key
很支持的adj. supportive
有感染力的adj. contagious
豁达的，接受能力强的adj. open-minded
狭隘的生活态度a parochial outlook toward life
喜欢独处的solitary
内向的adj. reserved
富有同情心的adj. compassionate
不爱多说话的adj. reticent
让某人逐渐放得开bring a person out of his/ her shell
本意虽好但把事情做砸了的adj. well-intentioned/ well-meaning
自我欺骗n. self-deception
爱骗人的adj. deceitful
自信的adj. assertive/ self-assured
容忍的adj. tolerant
机灵的adj. witty
有智慧的adj. wise
体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful
理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding
口齿清楚的，表达能力强的adj. articulate
很逗的adj. amusing
极度搞笑的adj. hilarious
过于自我的adj. egotistical
漠然的adj. indifferent (to )
孤立的adj. isolated
喜欢虚荣的adj. vain
懒散的adj. laid-back
很友善的adj. congenial
优雅的adj. elegant≈graceful
好朋友n. chum
花束n. bouquet
杰出的adj. prominent
（人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的adj. sophisticated
顽强的adj. touch
琐碎的adj. trivial
Old vs. Young
风俗习惯n. custom
尊敬的adj. respectful
很有活力的adj. energetic ≈dynamic
有前途的adj. promising
保守的adj. conservative
根深蒂固的adj. entrenched/ ingrained
悔恨的adj. rueful
常规n. norm
做事很主动的adj. proactive
老式的adj. old-fashioned
过时的adj. antiquated/ outdated
恶化vi. deteriorate
过时了的，没人用了的adj. obsolete
僵化不变的adj. fossilized
人均寿命life expectancy
史无前例的adj. unprecedented ≈groundbreaking
某事物并不是一成不变的is/ are not carved in stone
不实际的adj. impractical/ unrealistic
沉思n. reflection
怀旧的adj. nostalgic
空巢综合症empty-nest syndrome
中年危机midlife crisis
困惑的adj. confused/ bewildered/ puzzled
迷失了方向的adj. disoriented
心态n. mindset
成熟n. maturity
有活力的adj. dynamic
挥之不去linger in one’s mind
退休状态或者退休后的时间n. retirement
退了休的老人n. retiree
老年公寓retirement home
养老保险retire-ment plan/ pension