主动语态变被动语态的几种类型.doc

主动语态变被动语态的几种类型 一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 有些动词，如give，tell，buy等，在句中作谓语时可有两个宾语，又称双宾语，即“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构形式。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。如果直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，间接宾语之前应加介词to（可省去）或for（一般不可省）。如： 1 . My mother gave me a pen.I was given a pen by my mother.或：A pen was given (to) me by my mother.（介词to可省略） 2 .He told her a long story.She was told a long story.或：A long story was told (to) her.（介词to可省略） 3.Father bought me a new coat.I was bought a new coat.或：A new coat was bought for me.（介词for不可省略） 注意：被动句中强调间接宾语时，其前的介词to 不可省去。如： This apple is given to me, not to you.这个苹果是给我的，而不是给你的。 二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 复合宾语指的是“宾语+宾语补足语（简称宾补）”这一结构形式。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语保留不动。可充当宾语补足语的有名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语等等。如： 1.They call her Xiao Li.(主动结构，宾补为名词Xiao Li )She is called Xiao LI.(被动结构) 2.They chose Tom monitor.（主动结构，宾补为名词monitor）Tom was chosen monitor.（被动结构） 3.He told me to wait for you.（主动结构，宾补为不定式短语to wait for you）I was told to wait for you.（被动语态） 4.I found him lying on the floor.（主动结构，宾补为现在分词短语lying on the floor)He was found lying on the floor.（被动结构） 注意：在主动语态的句子中，谓语动词make的宾语补足语如果由动词不定式充当，则该动词不定式不带to。感官动词see，hear，watch等，也有这种用法。但当谓语动词是let时，其被动结构后的不定式仍不带to。例如： They made him go.（主动结构，宾补为不带to的不定式go)He was made to go.（被动语态） They let John go.（主动结构）John was let go.（被动结构） 三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构 含情态动词的主动结构形式是：情态动词（如can,may,must,could等）+原形动词。变为被动结构时，其谓语形式是：情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。例如： 1.You must not put the bike here.（主动结构）The bike must not be put here.（被动结构） 2.You may do that a little later.（主动结构）That may be done a little later.（被动结构） 3.Can you finish it in two hours?（主动结构）Can it be finished in two hours?（被动结构） 四、含短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态 有些短语动词，如take good care of （爱护，照料），listen to（听）,look at（看）,look for（寻找）,look after（照看）,laugh at（嘲笑）,put up（搭起，建造，举起，张贴）等，相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。但应注意，短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，在变为被动语态时，不可去掉末尾的介词或副词。例如： 1.They took good care of the children.（主动语态）The children were taken good care of.（被动语态） 2.Someone laughed at him.（主动语态）He was laughed at.（被动语态） 3.They are looking after the children.（主动语态）The children are being looked after.（被动语态） 4.They have put up a lot of tall buildings in the city in the last few years.（主动语态）A lot of tall buildings have been put up in the city in the last few years.（被动语态）