牛津译林版8A-Unit1--Friends---知识点自己整理.doc

Unit1 Friends Comic strip---Reading
1. Do you want some? Can I have something to drink, please?
Can I have some more food too? What/How about some milk?
在表示征求意见、希望得到对方肯定答复的句子（疑问句）里，some/something不需要改成any/anything，
拓展：something是_________代词，我们在七年级下册Unit8学过这类词的用法，回顾复习用法：
（1）___________________________Something is wrong with my bicycle, so I have to walk home.
(2)___________________________ There’s nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.
拓展: What / How about . ? 意思为______________，后面接_____________________。

2.You’re so kind. 你真善良。 kind 做形容词，意思是_________，_________；做名词，意思是_______。
拓展：be kind to sb 对某人友好，可以换成：be _______/________to sb
a kind of 一种 all kinds of ____________ different kinds of ______________

3.some more food，再来一些事物；some /many/much/数字+more+名词；
数字+more+名词=another+数字+名词；如：再两个星期____________= ，___________

4.maybe和 may be maybe为副词，常位于______ =___________; may be意为可能是，由情态动词may 和 be动词组成。 Maybe +句子 = sb may do sth.
他们可能在教室里_______they ______ in the classroom.=They _______ ______ in the classroom.
他可能在操场踢足球。 ______ he _______ football on the playground. =He ______ ______ football on the playground.

5. secret 秘密（可数名词）
词组： 保密_________________；为某人保守秘密_________________；
对某人保密（不告诉这个人秘密）_________________

6 joy和happy的区别：joy为不可数名词；happy为形容词 joy=__________
分享我的快乐 _____________ 使我快乐 __
拓展：share sth with sb ________________ make sb/sth 形容词 __________________

7 Does he/she care about you when you are sad?
(1)care关心，在意（不可数名词）
词组：保重_______________ 照顾某人_______________
(2)care 关心，在意(动词)
词组： 关心某人_______________; 在意某事_______________; 喜欢__
其对应的副词形式为： “小心地，仔细地” _____________， “粗心地” _____________。
形容词形式有两个： (小心的，仔细的) _____________， “粗心的” _____________

8 Teenagers magazines is inviting teenagers to write down about their best friends.
teenager 青年(可数名词) 变形：青少年的(adj.）； 青少年时期（n.）_______________
例句：The book must be one of those _______________(teenage).

9 Is he/she ready to help when you have problems?
(1)做某事有问题（困难）译成：_____________ 也可以换成：_________________________________
拓展：类似的用法还有：忙于某事/做某事__________________________
做某事很开心___________________________
如：学好数学有困难 _________________________
problem与question 的区别：problem指的是_________________________；
question指的是_________________________
(2 )ready是形容词，意为“有准备的”。 be always ready to do sth. 表示“乐于做某事”
① get ready for意为“为……做准备”，强调动作。
例如： 所有学生在为运动会做准备。________________________________________________
②be ready for意为“为……做好了准备”，强调状态。
例如：他们为聚会做好了准备。________________________________________________
③get sth. ready意为“把某物准备好”。
例如： 请把学习用具准备好。________________________________________________

10 诚实的 adj
翻译：一个诚实的男孩
请坦率地说出你的意见。
词组： 坦白地说，老实地告诉你
诚实地做某事
对某人以诚实相待
对某事诚实
派生词： （名词）诚实 （副词）诚实地
（反义词，形容词）不诚实的 （反义词，名词）不诚实

11 polite adj 有礼貌的 adv
反义词 adj 没有礼貌的，粗鲁的 ； adv

12 You can trust them because they never tell lies
trust 动词，信任，可以换成believe in, 名词为：_______, 形容词为副词为：_________。
lie 名词，谎言（可数名词）；
动词，撒谎， 现在分词_______，过去式________。
躺，位于。现在分词_______，过去式________。
拓展：lie to sb ___________ lie in / on / to _____________________ a white lie _____________
讲故事_____________ 讲笑话__________________

13 They can also tell you funny jokes.
joke 玩笑，笑话， 可数名词
词组： 开某人玩笑_____________； 跟某人讲笑话_____________；取笑某人_____________

14 That’s true.
True  adj.正确的，真实的   实现__________ adv 真实地__________
n  真相，真理，事实__________   讲事实__________

15 I agree.
agree 动词，同意。名词___________ 反义词_____________
agree with sb _ agree to do sth ______________
agree to sth __________ agree on sth __________________

16 She is slim and has short hair.
has 动词，―长着，‖在句中作谓语动词；    with 介词，―长着，戴着‖，在句中作定语;    
wear 动词，―穿着，戴着‖，在句中作谓语动词；    in 介词，―穿着‖，在句中作定语 
例句：
 1)  My sister _________ short hair.     2） The girl  _________  short hair is my sister.
3)My sister _________  small round glasses.     4)The girl _________  red is my sister. 

17 She is willing to share things with her friends.
be willing to do表示“某人愿意、乐意做某事”。这个句型是be+形容词+to do构成.
【拓展】“be+形容词+to do”结构的词组还有：
能够做_ 急于做，渴望做______________________
易于做______________________; 高兴做______________________

18 She is also helpful and ready to help people any time.
help v.&n 帮助 adj _________;
帮我做家庭作业_____________________; 帮助某人做某事_______________;
在某方面帮助某人____________ 在某人的帮助之下________________/_______________

19 。。。。 and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.
someone in need 表示“有需要的人”
例如，希望工程帮助那些有需要的孩子。 Project Hope helps those children _____ _____.
词组：“需要某物” _______________
例如：你需要帮助吗？ ____________________________

20 Betty has a good voice.
(人)嗓音_______(可数n)；噪音________(不可数n); （大自然）声音______(可数n)
in a soft ______; make too much _______; hear the ______ of the train

21 He is the tallest boy in our class-- almost 1.75metres.
the tallest boy 最高的男孩，tallest 是tall 的最高级形式，要注意，形容词最高级前要加_______。
almost 将近，几乎。=nearly ，但是almost可以与否定意义的词，如none，nothing等连用，但是不能与not连用，nearly不与否定意义的词连用，可以与not连用，not nearly远远少于。 Hardly 否定意义的词，几乎不。
练习：She fell and _________ broke the neck.
He ate _________ nothing.
He ________ never eats vegetables.
She is not __________ so much interested as I thought.
She sang so quietly that I could _________ hear her.

22 When he walk past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.
walk past 走过=________。
拓展：past ___________________________ over ______________________________
through _______________________ across ____________________
例如：你父亲每天去上班时走过公园吗？ ____________________________________________
他把苹果撞落在地上了。He ____________________________the floor.

23 She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone.
(1 )Smile v微笑 对某人微笑__________________；
n 微笑 面带微笑_______________________
adj __________
(2)say a bad word about sb.说某人的坏话
say、speak、tell和talk区别：
① say   +说话内容 自言自语_________________。 ② speak +English语言; 打电话；作演讲
③ talk with/to sb.; talk about sth. ④ tell sb sth.; tell sb. (not) to do sth.;tell stories/jokes/lies 讲故事/讲笑话/说谎 
练习：告诉某人某事________________ ,告诉某人(不)做某事__________________
_____ it in English； _______ hello /goodbye/sorry to sb； What... _____；
a note on the table ______...； the radio ______...
______ French/English/Russian； Who _____ at the meeting?
打电话用语：Who’s _______， please? Is that ... ______?

24 When something worries me, I can always go to her.
worry 动词， 三单____________； 过去式___________；某人担心某事/某人______________________
例如：不要担心。______________________
adj ______ 使某人焦急/担心 ______________________ 某人为…..担心___________________

25 Max looks smart in his small round glasses.
句型： sb. look +adj.+in sth. = sth. look +adj.+on sb.

26 Mr Wu is asking the students who they would choose as their best friends.
Choose 及物动词，意为“选择”，后接名词、代词或动词不定式。过去式___________
（1） 表示“选择”，可以带双宾语。
翻译： 他为我选了件漂亮的礼物。______________________________
（2） 表示在两者之间选择用介词between， 表示在三者之间选择用介词among、from或out of等。
翻译： 他必须在这个和那个之间做出选择
他从这些书中挑选了三本。______________________________
（3） 后接不定式，可表示“决定、宁愿”
翻译：他决定不告诉她这件事。______________________________
词组： 选择某人作为_______________________________________

Unit 1 grammar—task
1 语法
写出下列单词的比较级和最高级
healthy ________ _______________ far ______________ ________________
rainy __________ _______________ beautiful ______________ ________________
shy ___________ _______________ important ______________ ________________
slow __________ _______________ expensive ______________ ________________
hot ________ _______________ friendly ______________ ________________
ill ____________ _______________ pretty ______________ ________________

有些形容词具有两种比较级和最高级形式
1）clever 比较级__________和____________； 最高级___________和____________
2）old 比较级__________和____________； 最高级___________和__________
两者区别：________________________________________________________________
3）far 比较级__________和____________； 最高级___________和____________
两者区别：________________________________________________________________

句中使用比较的关键词
1) 两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“...比较级 + than ...”。
2) 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时, 用句型 “Which / Who is +比较级, ...or ...”.
3) 表示“两者之间最……的一个”时, 用“the + 比较级”. Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4) 表示“越……,越……”时, 用“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”.
5) 表示“越来越……”时, 用“比较级 + and + 比较级”, 多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”. 例：We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6) 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：（稍微有点）____________； （…..得多）_____________________；
（甚至）____________； （更）___________； （远远的………）____________； （丝毫，稍微，用于否定句和疑问句中）____________； 但若有very， too, quite, rather 等词修饰，则用原级。
7）比较范围要清楚。
同一范围进行比较。句型_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
非同一范围进行比较。句型_______________________________________________________________
句中使用最高级的关键词
1) 用于三者或三者以上的比较，意思是“最…….”
表示范围方法：of+同类 in+范围 among+……
2) 序数词后用最高级。 the second longest river
3) 固定短语中 at most 最多 at least 至少 try one’s best 尽全力

用所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the __ ___ (young) child.
5. The __ ___ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.
6. The short one is __ _____ （expensive） of the five.
7. Dick sings (well), she sings (well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
8. She will be much (happy) in her mew house.
9. Which lesson is (difficult) in Book 2?
10.Alice writes (carefully ) than I.
11. That was one of ( exciting) moments in 2008.
12. This kind of food must be ( delicious )than that one.
13. Beihai park is one of (famous ) parks in Beijing.
14. Who’s (careful), Tom, Jim or Kate?
15. That is (easy) of all.
16. John is ( short) than Tom.
17. She is (pretty)girl in the group.
18. Which film is (interesting),this one or that one?
19. Can you show me (near) shop here?
20. This bridge is ( long) than that one, and it is also much ______ (wide) than that one.
21. I think English is one of (important ) subjects in middle school.
22. The white flower is ________(beautiful). The yellow flower is (beautiful)than
the white flower. The red flower is the of the three.
23. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before . 
24. Which is _________  (heavy), a hen or a chicken
25. She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class. 
26. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.  
27. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the   _________ (bad) at English.  
28. The Nile(尼罗河) is ______ ________river in the world. (long)
29. Mr. Lin is ________ than Mr. Brown. (sad)
30. Taking a taxi is way to get to the airport(机场). (easy)
（ ）31 Shanghai is larger than ______ in China.
（ ）32 Shanghai is larger than ______ in Jiangsu.
A any city B any other city C the other city D all other cities

2 height n. 高度 — high adj.
词组 ….的高度____ 在高度上________________；在…的顶点____________________
用于询问高度的句型。_____________________________________________________________________

3 weight，不可数n. 重量 v weigh 称。。。的重量
词组 增肥____________________；减肥______________________；称体重_______________________
句型 用于询问某人的体重。
① _______
② __________________________________
③ __________________________________
④ _________________________________

4 Nora is talking to Amy about her future plans.
future plans 未来计划
plan n 计划 制定计划____________________; 在将来________________________________
v 计划 现在分词____________；过去式____________； 计划做某事________________________

5 be famous as 作为.....出名 be famous for 因为.....很出名
Lu Xun is famous ________ his novels.
Huai’an is famous __________ an old culture city.

6 listen to sb. carefully 认真地听某人讲话
careful adj. 认真的，仔细的 adv. carefully <反> adj. careless 粗心的 adv. carelessly

7 Among all the Chinese artists, I like Xu Beihong best.
①artist n艺术家， 一名艺术家____________________；艺术家们的名字 ____________________
v_________ 艺术品____________________
② among 在…之间 与between同义。但区别在于among指的是__________________，between指的是________

8 I want to travel around the world and learn more about art some day.
①travel around the world 环游世界= ____________________
②learn more about 了解更多关于……..
相关词组 几乎不知道，知之甚少____________________；了解一点____________________；
了解许多____________________； 了解更多____________________
了解多得多____________________；了解一切____________________；
③some day 总有一天，一般用___________时态。
one day 某一天，一般用__________________时态。

9 What’s he like? 他是什么样的？
句型 某人是个什么样的人？ 询问某人的性格和人品，用句型________________________________
某人喜欢什么？ 询问某人喜好，用句型____________________________________
某人长什么样？询问某人外貌，用句型____________________________________

10 hard-working adj 勤奋的
Work hard 为动词词组， “努力工作”

11 both A and B 表示两者都， 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如： Both Chinese and Maths _______ my favourite subjects. (be)
Both of + 宾格 两者都
例如 他们两个都比你胖。_______________________________________________________________________

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