的牛津英语8Bu1--2现在完成时语法讲解及练习.doc

现在完成时语法讲解1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havent seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。3结构1）陈述句结构：主语have( has)（not）+过去分词其它。 have not=havent has not=hasnt.2）一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )主语过去分词其它？3）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has) +主语+ 过去分词其它？e.g. He has already finished his homework. He hasnt finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? -Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述,现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get upbe up go outbe out finish be over put onwear 或be on openbe open joinbe in或 be a member of closebe closed go to schoolbe a student borrowkeep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997. 自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时态专练1【用since和for填空】1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here【用since和for填空】 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.【用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空】A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once.【用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空】1.Where is Jack? He _ his country.2.John _ England since he came back.3.How long _ have _ this village?4.The Smiths _ Beijing for years.5._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.6.I _ this school since three years ago.【按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词】arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there(sw.为somewhere的缩写)1.He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2.I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3.I went home yesterday. I _ _ _ home for _ _.4.They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1.He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.2.We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1.I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2.The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1. The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2.The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw. be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1.I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _ _ .2.He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3.My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4.The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5.I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _ _.6.They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on_1.I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know1.They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _.2.I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _.3.I got to know him last year. I _ _ him since _ _.4.I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1.He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.【写出短暂性动词和其对应的延续性动词：】buy- leave- turn on/off-borrow- join- finish-arrive- die- fall asleep-stop- get married- catch a cold-begin/start- come/go-【写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词】be_ _ do_ _ have_ _go_ _ see_ _ hear_ _make_ _ eat_ _ get_ _forget_ _ stand_ _ understand_ _take_ _ know_ _ grow_ _ throw_ _ blow_ _ fly_ _let_ _ set_ _ hit_ _ put_ _ cut_ _ cost_ _read_ _ come_ _ become_ _swim_ _ sing_ _ begin_ _ drink_ _ give_ _ sit_ _write_ _ drive_ _ break_ _speak_ _ think_ _ buy_ _bring_ teach_ _ catch_ _keep_ _ feel_ _ sleep_ _meet_ _ spend_ _ build_ _lose_ _ mean_ _ tell_ _sell_ _ hold_ _ find_ _【用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空】1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”【用适当的时态填空】 1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lose ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.15. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.16. -She _(buy) a Hello Kitty for you , hasnt she?-Yes, she _.She _(buy) it in Sanrio Puroland last summer.17. This is the nicest park I _(see).18. -Are you sure you_(lose) your dictionary?-Yes, I _(look) for it everywhere , but I still cant find it.19. The children _ (enjoy) themselves in the party last Sunday morning.20. They _ (study) English for a long time.21.She _ _ (live) here ever since she was ten.22.Both of them _ _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.23. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.24. Half an hour _ _(pass) since the train _ (leave).25. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?26. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?27. Are you thirsty? No I _ just _ (have) some orange.28. We _ already _ (return) the book. 29.My father _(read) the novel twice.30. He _ _ (be) to Shanghai, has he?31. We _(study ) in Little Star English since two years ago.32. Tsunami _(not happen) in the south-east of China recently.33. My father _ (read) the novel twice.34. - I _(see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 35. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 36. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it. 37. She_ (not read) this book before. 38. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 39. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 40. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China. 41. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 42. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 43. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks.44 -Are you sure you _ _(lose) the book ? -Yes, I _ _ (look) for it everywhere, but I still cant find it .45. It_(be) two months since he _ _(leave)his hometown.46. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 47. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 48. She _ (be) ill for three days. 49. My father _ (buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it.50. She_ (not read) this book before. 51. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 52. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_