八年级英语下Unit1知识总结.doc

八年级英语下Unit1知识总结
一. 询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达方法  
1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：  
What’s the matter (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？  
What’s wrong (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？  
What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了？  
What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事？  
Are you OK? 你没事吧？  
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有不舒服/麻烦吗？  
2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：  
①某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。  
②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.  
She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。 
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 
He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。 
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词
He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。  
⑤某部位hurt(s).  
My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。 
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位
I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。   
⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位
There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。  
⑧其他表达方式  
She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。  
He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。  
She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。 
二． matter ['mætə]
1.n.事情，问题(可数)
There are more important matters we need to discuss.
由更重要的事情我们需要讨论。
2.不可数名词 物质，材料，东西
The universe is made up of matter.
宇宙由物质构成。
3. matter作动词，意为"有关系；要紧"。通常用于否定句和疑问句，句中常常含有what, who, where, if等词，一般以it作主语。
It doesn't matter if I miss the train, because there's another later. 
4.no matter+特殊疑问词
意为"无论......"
No matter where you go, please let me know. 
5.the matter意为"有问题；出毛病；麻烦事"，
常常同不定代词anything, something, nothing等连用，
意为"有点儿什么问题"或"没有什么问题"等。
Is there anything the matter?
What's the matter with you?
6.as a matter of fact=in fact   事实上
As a matter of fact, I know nothing about the matter. 
实际上，我对那件事一无所知。
三． 表示疼痛的词
1.sore[sɔː] adj.疼痛的，酸痛的
n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事
通常指由于发炎而引起的肌肉疼痛， 表示身体某一部位疼痛时，放在身体部位名词前面。
have a sore throat
have a sore back
2. ache [eɪk] v.疼痛； n.疼痛
ache指持续的隐隐的疼痛，常放在身体部位名词后构成病痛名称。
have a headache
have a toothache
3. pain [peɪn] n.疼痛
I have a pain in my feet.
have a pain in+身体部位
have a pain on+部位
一般内部用疼用in
外部疼用on 
4.hurt [hɜːt]
adj.疼痛的；
v.使得疼痛，感到疼痛 使得受伤
v.使得受伤，伤害
I hurt my back.
My back hurts.
I hurt myself.
adj.受伤的
My back is hurt.
四．感冒
catch a cold
have a cold
have the flu
catch the flu
五．stomach['stʌmək] n.胃，腹部
stomachache ['stʌmək-eɪk] n.胃痛，腹痛
head n.头----headache ['hedeɪk] n.头痛
tooth n.牙齿--toothache ['tuːθeɪk] n.牙痛
back n.背部---backache ['bækeɪk] n.背疼
have a sore back
have a backache
neck n.脖子-----neckache n.脖子疼
leg----legache

foot---footache
face---faceache
ear----earache
六．一些特殊的用法。
我脚疼。My foot hurts.
我嗓子疼。I have a sore throat.
我发烧了。I have a fever. / My head feels very hot.
七．lie [laɪ]
1.v.躺着---过去式lay，躺下休息lie down and rest
2.v.说谎；n.谎言--过去式lied
He often tells lies.
Don't lie to others. In this way, you will lose others' trust.
八． rest [rest]
n.休息I am too tired.Let's stop to have a good rest.
v.休息
adj.剩余的I plan to use the rest of the time to read books.
Some students are on the playground, and the rest are staying in class.
九．break
v.打破 broke broke my arms.
He broke the world record.
n.间歇，休息We have 10 minutes break between two classes.
Let's take a break.=take breaks
十．cough[kɒf]
n.咳嗽I have a bad cough.
v.咳嗽He coughed the whole day.
十一．off
adv./prep 离开；不工作；从...去掉
get off下车
break off 突然中断
cut off切断
take off起飞，脱掉
turn off 关掉
put off 推迟
go off 闹钟响
keep off 让开，不接近
give off 发出光
set off启程，送行
show off炫耀
十二．surprise
v.使得惊奇His words surprised me.
n.惊奇When I saw the snake, I got a big surprise.
adj.surprised惊奇的His words made me surprised.
adj.surprising令人惊奇的
be surprised to do sth.
I am surprised to hear from her.
be surprised that 从句
I am surprised that I hear from her.
be surprised at +sth.
I am surprised at the news.
to one's surprise
To my surprise, he got bad grades.
十三．trouble ['trʌb(ə)l]
不可数名词 问题，烦恼
v. 麻烦；使烦恼；折磨
I met some trouble.
Don't trouble me.
I get into trouble.
I was in trouble.
I have trouble in math.
十四．hit
v.击，打过去式hit
He was hit by a car. 他被一辆小汽车撞了。
The car hit a tree.小汽车撞了一棵树。
He hit me on the head.
他打了我的头。
n. 打；打击；（演出等）成功；讽刺
His songs made a hit.
他的歌轰动一时。
十五．bandage ['bændɪdʒ]
n.绷带Put a bandage on it.
v.用绷带包扎The nurse bandaged up his hand.
十六．press
v.压，挤，按I press the bell.我摁了门铃。
When you have a nosebleed Press the sides of your nose.
----pressure n.压力，不可数
Nowadays, many students have a lot of pressure.
现在，孩子们有很多的压力。
We are under too much pressure.
我们生活在太多的压力之下。
十七．sick
adj.生病的，有病的
他病的严重。
He is seriously ill.
He is seriously sick.
十八．blood[blʌd] n.血
bleed [bliːd] v.流血
过去式bled
nosebleed n.鼻出血----have a nosebleed
十九． breath [breθ]n.呼吸，一口气
Please take a deep breath.
请做深呼吸
When I got to the top of the hill, I was already out of breath.
当我到达山顶的时，我已经上气不接下气了。
I can hold my breath for about one minute.
我能屏住我的呼吸大约一分钟。
breathe [briːð]v.呼吸
Breathe the fresh air.
二十.burn [bɜːn]
n. 灼伤，烧伤；烙印
v. 燃烧；烧毁，灼伤；激起…的愤怒
burned adj.烧伤的
sunburn v.晒伤
sunburned[ˈsʌnˌbɜːnd] adj.晒伤的
去年暑假，我去了云南，我被晒伤了。
Last summer vacation, I went to Yunnan, I got sunburned.
二十一.climb v.爬山climber n.登山者
爬山climb the mountain
我喜欢爬山。
I like climbing the mountains.
I like mountain climbing.
二十二.
usev使用n.用途
use sth. to do sth.
make full/good use of time to do sth.
充分利用时间做某事
be used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
get/become used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
I am used to getting up early.
I get/become used to getting up early.
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事
I used to take a walk after dinner.
be used for doing sth.
被用来做某事
Knives are used for cutting things.
二十三.
risk [rɪsk]
n. 风险；危险；冒险take risks=take a risk
vt. 冒…的危险
risk one's life to do sth.
冒着生命危险去做某事
He risked his life to save the boy.
take the risk of doing sth.
冒着做某事的危险
He takes the risk of losing his life.
at risk
处于...危险中
They are at risk.
二十四.accident [ˈæksɪdənt]事故，可数名词
He had a serious traffic accident.
他发生了一起严重的交通事故。
by accident
偶然地，无意中。
我是无意中找到它的。
I found it by accident.
without accident 平安无事地。　
船平安到达那儿。
The ship arrived there without accident.
二十五.
situation[sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n]情况，状况
a win-win situation
双赢的局面
This means being in a difficult situation (that you cannot seem to get out of).
这意味着处于一种你似乎不能摆脱的艰难的环境。
be in a difficult situation
处于一种...的环境
a situation changes
情况有变化
a situation improves
情况好转
二十六.run out of用光，用尽...
sb. run out of sth.
I run out of money.
sth. run out
My money has run out.
sth. be used up
My money has been used up.
简单的说就是run out没有被动而使用use up的时候要用被动
二十七.cut 切，割
cut off 切除
cut down砍伐
cut up切碎
cut in插嘴，超车
cut...into把...切成...
cut through/across抄近路穿过
cut away切掉，砍掉
二十八.mean
v.意思是，打算，意欲-----过去式meant
mean用法主要有以下几种：
1.是表示“意思是，有……的意思”。
　 What does this word mean?
2.是表示“指”
I mean the red one, not the green one.
我说的是那个红的，不是那个绿的。
3.是表示“意味着”，后面可以接名词、动名词、从句。
This mean we have to wait .
这就意味着我们还得等。
4.是表示“打算；有……意图”，后面接名词、代词、不跟宾语、动词不定式.
What do you mean to do with it?
你打算把它怎样处理？
We had meant to leave on Monday.
（与完成时连用，表“本打算”）我们本来打算周一离开的。
二十九.get out of 摆脱,逃避...;从...出来
He got out of trouble.他拜托了困难。
He will get out of control.他将要摆脱控制。
He can't get out of a dangerous situation.他不能摆脱一个危险的情况。
课本原句：
This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
这意味着处于一种似乎不能摆脱的困境。
划线部分做的situation的后置定语。
三十.important adj.重要的 importance n.重要性
三十一.decide 动词 决定decision 名词 决定
三十二.control [kənˈtrəʊl]
限制，约束，管理，控制
I can't control my diet.
我不能控制我的饮食。
Don't worry, we have everything under control.
别担心,一切都在我们掌控之中。
We should learn to control our time.
我们应该学会管理我们的时间。
be in control of ...管理,掌管
under the control of ...受……的管理
be out of control失去了控制
The car is out of control.
小汽车失去了控制。
三十三.die 动词
dead 形容词
death 名词
dying 现在分词
三十四.nurse
n.护士
v.看护