八年级英语下Unit1知识总结.doc

八年级英语下Unit1知识总结一. 询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达方法1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：Whats the matter (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats wrong (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了？ What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事？ Are you OK? 你没事吧？ Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有不舒服/麻烦吗？ 2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症The twins have colds双胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。 某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。某人+have/has+a pain+in ones身体部位I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。 (There is) something wrong with ones+身体部位There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。 其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。 He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。二 matter mt1.n.事情，问题(可数)There are more important matters we need to discuss.由更重要的事情我们需要讨论。2.不可数名词 物质，材料，东西Theuniverseismadeupofmatter.宇宙由物质构成。3. matter作动词，意为有关系；要紧。通常用于否定句和疑问句，句中常常含有what,who,where,if等词，一般以it作主语。ItdoesntmatterifImissthetrain,becausetheresanotherlater.4.nomatter+特殊疑问词意为无论.Nomatterwhereyougo,pleaseletmeknow.5.thematter意为有问题；出毛病；麻烦事，常常同不定代词anything,something,nothing等连用，意为有点儿什么问题或没有什么问题等。Isthereanythingthematter?Whats the matter with you?6.asamatteroffact=in fact 事实上Asamatteroffact,Iknownothingaboutthematter.实际上，我对那件事一无所知。三 表示疼痛的词1.sores adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事通常指由于发炎而引起的肌肉疼痛， 表示身体某一部位疼痛时，放在身体部位名词前面。have a sore throathave a sore back2. ache ek v.疼痛； n.疼痛ache指持续的隐隐的疼痛，常放在身体部位名词后构成病痛名称。have a headachehave a toothache3. pain pen n.疼痛Ihaveapaininmyfeet.have a pain in+身体部位have a pain on+部位一般内部用疼用in 外部疼用on4.hurt htadj.疼痛的；v.使得疼痛，感到疼痛 使得受伤v.使得受伤，伤害I hurt my back.My back hurts.I hurt myself.adj.受伤的My back is hurt.四感冒catch a coldhave a coldhave the flucatch the flu五stomachstmk n.胃，腹部stomachache stmk-ek n.胃痛，腹痛head n.头-headache hedek n.头痛tooth n.牙齿-toothache tuek n.牙痛back n.背部-backache bkek n.背疼have a sore backhave a backacheneck n.脖子-neckache n.脖子疼leg-legachefoot-footacheface-faceacheear-earache六一些特殊的用法。我脚疼。My foot hurts.我嗓子疼。I have a sore throat.我发烧了。I have a fever. / My head feels very hot.七lie la1.v.躺着-过去式lay，躺下休息lie down and rest2.v.说谎；n.谎言-过去式liedHe often tells lies.Dont lie to others. In this way, you will lose others trust.八 rest restn.休息I am too tired.Lets stop to have a good rest.v.休息adj.剩余的I plan to use the rest of the time to read books.Some students are on the playground, and the rest are staying in class.九breakv.打破 broke broke my arms.He broke the world record.n.间歇，休息We have 10 minutes break between two classes.Lets take a break.=take breaks十coughkf n.咳嗽I have a bad cough.v.咳嗽He coughed the whole day.十一off adv./prep 离开；不工作；从.去掉get off下车break off 突然中断cut off切断take off起飞，脱掉turn off 关掉put off 推迟go off 闹钟响keep off 让开，不接近give off 发出光set off启程，送行show off炫耀十二surprisev.使得惊奇His words surprised me.n.惊奇When I saw the snake, I got a big surprise.adj.surprised惊奇的His words made me surprised.adj.surprising令人惊奇的be surprised to do sth.I am surprised to hear from her.be surprised that 从句I am surprised that I hear from her.be surprised at +sth.I am surprised at the news.to ones surpriseTo my surprise, he got bad grades.十三trouble trb()l不可数名词 问题，烦恼v. 麻烦；使烦恼；折磨I met some trouble.Dont trouble me.I get into trouble.I was in trouble.I have trouble in math.十四hitv.击，打过去式hitHe was hit by a car. 他被一辆小汽车撞了。The car hit a tree.小汽车撞了一棵树。He hit me on the head.他打了我的头。n. 打；打击；（演出等）成功；讽刺His songs made a hit.他的歌轰动一时。十五bandage bnddn.绷带Put a bandage on it.v.用绷带包扎The nurse bandaged up his hand.十六pressv.压，挤，按I press the bell.我摁了门铃。When you have a nosebleed, Press the sides of your nose.-pressure n.压力，不可数Nowadays, many students have a lot of pressure.现在，孩子们有很多的压力。We are under too much pressure.我们生活在太多的压力之下。十七sickadj.生病的，有病的他病的严重。He is seriously ill.He is seriously sick.十八bloodbld n.血bleed blid v.流血过去式blednosebleed n.鼻出血-have a nosebleed十九 breath bren.呼吸，一口气Please take a deep breath.请做深呼吸When I got to the top of the hill, I was already out of breath.当我到达山顶的时，我已经上气不接下气了。I can hold my breath for about one minute.我能屏住我的呼吸大约一分钟。breathe briv.呼吸Breathe the fresh air.二十.burn bnn. 灼伤，烧伤；烙印v. 燃烧；烧毁，灼伤；激起的愤怒burned adj.烧伤的sunburn v.晒伤sunburnedsnbnd adj.晒伤的去年暑假，我去了云南，我被晒伤了。Last summer vacation, I went to Yunnan, I got sunburned.二十一.climb v.爬山climber n.登山者爬山climb the mountain我喜欢爬山。I like climbing the mountains.I like mountain climbing.二十二.usev.使用n.用途use sth. to do sth.make full/good use of time to do sth.充分利用时间做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事get/become used to doing sth.习惯于做某事I am used to getting up early.I get/become used to getting up early.used to do sth.过去常常做某事I used to take a walk after dinner.be used for doing sth.被用来做某事Knives are used for cutting things.二十三.risk rskn. 风险；危险；冒险take risks=take a riskvt. 冒的危险risk ones life to do sth.冒着生命危险去做某事He risked his life to save the boy.take the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险He takes the risk of losing his life.at risk处于.危险中They are at risk.二十四.accident ksdnt事故，可数名词He had a serious traffic accident.他发生了一起严重的交通事故。by accident 偶然地，无意中。我是无意中找到它的。I found it by accident.without accident 平安无事地。船平安到达那儿。The ship arrived there without accident. 二十五.situationstje()n情况，状况a win-win situation双赢的局面This means being in a difficult situation (that you cannot seem to get out of).这意味着处于一种你似乎不能摆脱的艰难的环境。be in a difficult situation处于一种.的环境a situation changes 情况有变化a situation improves 情况好转二十六.run out of用光用尽.sb. run out of sth.I run out of money.sth. run outMy money has run out.sth. be used upMy money has been used up.简单的说就是run out没有被动而使用use up的时候要用被动二十七.cut 切，割cut off 切除cut down砍伐cut up切碎cut in插嘴，超车cut.into把.切成.cut through/across抄近路穿过cut away切掉，砍掉二十八.meanv.意思是，打算，意欲-过去式meantmean用法主要有以下几种：1.是表示“意思是，有的意思”。 What does this word mean? 2.是表示“指”I mean the red one, not the green one. 我说的是那个红的，不是那个绿的。3.是表示“意味着”，后面可以接名词、动名词、从句。This mean we have to wait .这就意味着我们还得等。4.是表示“打算；有意图”，后面接名词、代词、不跟宾语、动词不定式.What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎样处理？We had meant to leave on Monday.（与完成时连用，表“本打算”）我们本来打算周一离开的。二十九.get out of 摆脱,逃避.;从.出来He got out of trouble.他拜托了困难。He will get out of control.他将要摆脱控制。He cant get out of a dangerous situation.他不能摆脱一个危险的情况。课本原句：This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.这意味着处于一种似乎不能摆脱的困境。划线部分做的situation的后置定语。三十.important adj.重要的 importance n.重要性三十一decide 动词 决定decision 名词 决定三十二.control kntrl限制，约束，管理，控制I cant control my diet.我不能控制我的饮食。Dont worry, we have everything under control.别担心,一切都在我们掌控之中。We should learn to control our time.我们应该学会管理我们的时间。be in control of .管理,掌管under the control of .受的管理be out of control失去了控制The car is out of control.小汽车失去了控制。三十三.die 动词dead 形容词death 名词dying 现在分词三十四.nursen.护士v.看护