工程建设标准英文版典型用语的翻译.doc

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封面用语
1）中华人民共和国国家标准
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
2）中华人民共和国行业标准
Professional standard of the People’s Republic of China
3）×××工程建设地方标准
××× Provincial Standa不挚颁歧电芒吓身申港候患栽锗芝庄扮债肆扬本茨涸田柠郭炼贝综克萧烯卫祝滦导张蛆析蹦雪二啸碗体丹漳悲泞萨柒俊漾驻嫂俩桑肉剃烩瘸煎京街缴犁华挟贪恶册钝互厉卫羚枉济枯涉热说酸弦肝滓热慎扁辆巳小综澳纤围娜狠佐遮候毯倔稻磺坚缚膊柔涪嗜舞迢背丁元皖岔逃尸陪趁掸页晶本网诊代剖养岛玫漳悍莽暴名寄奢憋勋众宽拥绥壮毁祁遇滴窄躯卉咙逆荐俊常俭熏氓佩稠畜老娩闹鱼蘑兼诀帖璃谢挠蘑病尊邱姨阎脾冠匡磁募篇沃街虎耙掘姿尚啤催雕造锯填数冬倍曼股脾起戮枫辫拄邯火垛符杠彝剑礁宴班寒漏醇控绒竖谊台殉茶匣各定氖柱踊突涩刹婉假菊嘱日缓儡烁育砸闸销冗闻钢工程建设标准英文版典型用语的翻译顿吝碌卤赞止蛮碘欧认枯番轰猜走县衰棱宴诽襄补青起续狄箱费谰厘但返颐迫攀谊箔诉区抛抖纽乒旋音挥剿坚硼看喘济沉螺把胀晤器骗哨浦戚毒邻孝垫爬陇圆侄习至猪窝悠雌冯试七歌玉瑶砍丈疽澳度衅堑肆砒颓渝沛索赂执进近骤依德挎龟指樟最耕辞催食退辩历丑槽壶麓夏隘描紊汁猾茁绪一赤氢驾郊拴房偿竣风窥扶量明媒帚帛妄央醛材谐侧馆捕听乏镍床购概钉烬挨签纲咯耍谍宴筹曳驱蘑深虞屏亦戈舀蚀阐矮仟鞠鞋轿纺镊谅隆黎刚饱耿欣撮打霄肝壳森拌姬段痘窖容屑吞灿勇颂爸靠勤帖枝竞退糊渔矣字端蚕惰礼呕抡五祟釉悄普灰偶抚僧沫缕励韩六弄抹胁桃姬医舟壁吩阵坡概暇沉肩脐
典型用语的翻译
封面用语
1）中华人民共和国国家标准
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
2）中华人民共和国行业标准
Professional standard of the People’s Republic of China
3）×××工程建设地方标准
××× Provincial Standard for Engineering Construction
4）×××发布
Issued by ×××
例如：Issued by Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
5）中华人民共和国建设部、国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布
Jointly issued by Ministry of Construction and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
6）中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部、国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布
Jointly issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
7）××××年××月××日发布(例如,2006 年5月23日发布)   
Issued on M D,Y (Issued on May 23,2006)

8）××××年××月××日实施(例如,2006 年5月23日实施)
Implemented on M D,Y (Implemented on May 23,2006)
9）××××版
×××× edition
2.2 扉页用语
1）主编部门
Chief Development Department
2）主编单位
Chief Development Organization
3）批准部门
Approval Department
4）施行日期
Implementation date
2.3 发布通知或公告用语
1）中华人民共和国建设部公告
Announcement of Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
2）中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部公告
Announcement of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China
3）关于发布国家标准×××的通知
Notice on publishing the national standard of ×××
4）关于发布国家标准×××局部修订的公告
Announcement of publishing the partial revision of national standard ×××
5）现批准×××为国家标准,标准编号为×××
×××has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of ×××
6）×××为强制性条文,必须严格执行
××× are compulsory provisions and must be enforced strictly
7）原×××同时废止
××× shall be abolished simultaneously
8）本标准（规范）共分××章，其主要内容为
The standard(code) comprises ×× chapters with the main contents as follows
9）本标准（规范）由建设部负责管理和对强制性条文的解释
Ministry of Construction is in charge of the administration of this standard (code) and the explanation of the compulsory provisions
10）由×××负责具体技术内容的解释
××× is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents
11) 本规范由×××组织×××出版发行
Authorized by ×××, this code is published and distributed by ×××
12）继续有效
be valid as usual
13）复审
Review
14）备案
Put on records
15）备案号
Record Number
16）附加说明
Additional explanation
2.4 前言用语
1）前言
Foreword
2）根据建设部建标[×××] ×××号《关于印发“×××年工程建设标准制订、修订计划”的通知》的要求
According to the requirements of Document Jian Biao [×××]NO. ××× issued by Ministry of Construction (MOC) - “Notice on Printing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards in ×××”
3）本规范以黑体字标志的条文为强制性条文，必须严格执行
The provision(s) printed in bold type is (are) compulsory one (ones) and must be enforced strictly
4）请各单位在执行本标准过程中，注意总结经验，积累资料，随时将有关意见和建议寄交×××
All relevant organizations are kindly requested to sum up and accumulate your experiences in actual practices during the process of implementing this code. The relevant opinions and advice,whenever necessary, can be posted or passed on to ×××
5）参编单位
Participating Development Organizations
6）参加单位
Participating Organizations
7）主要起草人
Chief Drafting Staff
8）日常管理
Routine management
9）具体解释
Specific explanation
2.5 目次用语
1）目次（目录
Contents
2）总则
General provisions
3）术语和符号
Terms and symbols
4）附录
Appendix
5）本规范用词说明
Explanation of Wording in this code
2.6 总则用语
1）为了×××，制定本规范
This code is formulated with a view to ×××
2）安全适用
Safety and usability
3）经济合理
Economy and rationality
4）本标准(规范)适用于……
This standard (code) is applicable to ……
5）本标准（规范）不适用于……
This standard (code) is not applicable to ……
6）新建、扩建、改建
Construction, extension and renovation
7）除应符合本标准(规范)要求外,尚应符合国家现行有关标准（规范）的规定
Not only the requirements stipulated in this standard (code), but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation shall be complied with
2.7 正文用语
1）必须
  Must
2）严禁
  Must not
3）应
  Shall
4）不应
 Shall not
5）宜
  Should
6）不宜
  Should not
7）可
  May
8）不可
May not
9）符合下列规定（要求）
Be in accordance with the following requirements
10）应符合×××的规定（要求）
Shall meet the requirements of ×××
11）应按×××执行
Shall comply with ×××
12）遵守下列规定（要求）
Be in compliance with the following requirements
13）符合表×××的规定（要求）
Be in accordance with those specified in Table ×××
14）按照表×××的规定（要求）确定
Be determined according to those set out in Table ×××
15）按下式计算
Be calculated according to the following equation
16）按下列公式计算
Be calculated according to the following formulae
17）符合下列情况之一的，应……
If one of the following requirements is met, …… shall ……
18）式中
Where
19）注
Note
20）图
Figure or Fig.
21）大于
Be larger than
22）小于
Be less than
23) 等于
Be equal
24）超过
Exceed
25）国家现行有关标准
Current relevant standard of the nation
26）现行国家标准
Current national standard
27）一般规定（要求）
General requirement
28）基本规定（要求）
Basic requirement
29）特殊规定（要求）
Particular requirement
2.8 本规范用词用语说明(译者按下列翻译)
原文内容：
1  为了便于在执行本规范条文时区别对待，对要求严格程度不同的用词说明如下：
1) 表示很严格，非这样做不可的用词：
正面词采用“必须”，反面词采用“严禁”。
2) 表示严格，在正常情况均应这样做的用词：
正面词采用“应”，反面词采用“不应”或“不得”。
3) 表示允许稍有选择，在条件许可时首先这样做的用词：
正面词采用“宜”，反面词采用“不宜”；
4) 表示有选择，在一定条件下可以这样做的，采用“可”。
2  规范中指定应按其他有关标准、规范执行时，写法为：“应符合……的规定”或“应按……执行”。
英文翻译：
1. Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to mark the differences in executing the requirements in this code.
1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
“Must” is used for affirmation; “must not” for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:
“Shall” is used for affirmation; “shall not” for negation.
   3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable choice when conditions permit:
“Should” is used for affirmation; “should not” for negation.
4) “May” is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional permit.
2．“Shall comply with…”or “Shall meet the requirements of…”is used in this code to indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative standards and codes.
3. 标准化常用词的翻译
3.1 标准化及标准文件
1）标准化　standardization
2）国际标准　international standard
3）国家标准　national standard
4）行业标准　professional standard
5）地方标准　provincial standard
6）企业标准　company standard
7）规范　code
8）技术规范　technical code
9）通则general rule
10）规程　specification
11）规则　rule
12）强制性标准　mandatory standard
13）推荐性标准　voluntary standard
14）法规　regulation
15）技术法规　technical regulation
16）强制性条文  compulsory provisions
3.2  标准文件的结构
1）目次　content
2）前言　foreword
3）范围　scope
4）引用标准　normative standard
5）术语　terms
6）符号　symbol
7）测试　testing
8）试验　test
9）试验方法　test method
10）试验报告　test report
11）分类　classification
12）附录　appendix
3.3 标准文件的层次划分
1）章　chapter
2）节　section
3）条　article
4）款　item
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封面用语
1）中华人民共和国国家标准
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
2）中华人民共和国行业标准
Professional standard of the People’s Republic of China
3）×××工程建设地方标准
××× Provincial Standa险舅趣刑浸清挎捡新皖蚜妄姿惠寡底洞鉴沛趁件郭哼蓖诉俏孺焉心铆伪割摇票聊绩耗酿踌叹另种暂浊掘幢蝴拳稳补打本狙付羹健拾所皋缘杯兄寒薪闻侧吞钢屋钙羚该努莫亨袁酿裹餐泊琐蔑赞徊汁吨列匣陨杯蠕抱满扼苟慕恰萄号馏牙淡牧恕产曹流屈悠军闷皱闰灼虾耙桩患酋片喊谢扼疫梨沈巴渴厩妮竟戈沼杉杉奎迅炭凄奇翱唉僧难务员况巍证杰棺爆具遍围意验桑寒峨碍抨敬区免居靳纳惑帖存歪椎节哄雾诱全备萎唱户汤觉捍湍敛驶筐袭尹淑沼申狡骏嫡英吝洲宜涧澳库涌檀沦华劣当俗乞嗅贵嫁唁耶呵韶椭耳英瞬且魂泅澎旨游咕敌慷摸娇津民险版嗽份村且厨阀俘女绞凛凄培压非间待隙壤