副词-总结.doc

副词

第一部分：副词概述
一、副词的定义和分类
（一） 定义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。如：
　　Carl runs fast. 卡尔跑得快。
　　It is raining heavily outside. 外面雨下得很大。
　　I can’t walk too quickly. 我不能走太快。
　　Luckily, Mr Black won the lottery. 幸运的是，布莱克先生中了彩票。
（二） 副词的分类
1. 时间副词 now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, soon, immediately, lately, early, sometimes, often, always, usually, already, yet, ever, never等。时间副词是选用句子时态时的重要标志，所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。
其中：频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, never
2. 地点副词 outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不用加介词。
3. 方式副词 quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast, again等。方式副词大多是“形容词+ly”构成形式。
　　4. 程度副词 very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级，有些能修饰形容词比较级。
5. 疑问副词 when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊问句。
6. 关系副词 when, where, why, how等。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。
二、副词的基本用法
（一） 副词的位置
1. 一般作状语时放在谓语动词之后。如果谓语动词带有宾语，副词则放在宾语后面。
We all study hard.
He is drawing a horse carefully.
2. 频度副词作状语时放在be动词或助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
He is always late for school.
I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday.我经常星期天看望祖父母。
3. 某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。
Suddenly he had a good idea.突然他想出了一个办法。
4. enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。
　　　 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子够大了能去上学。
He got up early enough to catch up the train.他起得足够早能赶上火车。

（二） 副词的排列顺序
　　1. 副词表示时间、地点时，小单位在前，大单位在后。如：
　　　 He comes from New York, America. 他来自美国纽约。
2. 副词表示方式时，拼写短的在前，拼写长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。如：
Please write slowly and carefully. 请慢一点、仔细一点写。
3. 多个不同副词排列：程度 + 方式 + 地点 + 时间。如：
The man runs very slowly along the river at 6:30 every morning.
每天早晨六点半，这个人沿着河边慢跑。

三副词与形容词的联系
（一） 形容词变副词的规则
1. 一般情况下，在形容词词尾加ly。如：
slow----slowly quick----quickly polite----politely
bad----badly careful----carefully
2. 以y结尾的，要把y变成i，再加ly。如：
happy----happily easy----easily angry----angrily
3. 以le结尾的，去掉e,再加y。如：
terrible----terribly

（二） 貌似副词的形容词
lonely 孤独的, friendly 友好的, lively 生动活泼的, lovely 可爱的

（三） 既可以是形容词也可以是副词的词
late , long, clear, cheap, clean, straight, close, fast, early, hard
【专项练习一】
基础题
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. He sat _______________ (comfortable) in the chair.
2. Please drive your car _______ (careful).
3. Don’t be late again. You should be _______________ (early) tomorrow morning.
4. Tom jumped _______________ (high) of all.
5. Everyone began to shout _______________ (loud).
6. We know you did _______________ (well).
7. You looked _______________ (worry). What’s happened?

8. It’s _______________ (real) cold here.
9. That sounds _______________ (interest). I am always _______________ (interest) in new films
10. The Greens are _______________ (happy) to live in this _______________ (noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.
11. I like her dress. It looks very _______________ (beauty).
12. It’s a _______________ (please) trip for all of us.
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. It is _____ nice of you to help me.
A. truly B. true C. really D. real
( ) 2. His handbag was stolen on his way back home, _____ his iphone was with him.
A. Surprisingly B. Sadly C. Luckily D. Hopefully
( ) 3. -- Why hasn’t Tom come to the party?
-- There is _____ with his brother. He has to look after him.
A. something wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. wrong anything
( ) 4. Look! There is _____ in the room.
A. a green large Chinese carpet B. a Chinese large green carpet
C. a green Chinese large carpet D. a large green Chinese carpet
( ) 5. -- I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow. -- I won't, _____.
A. neither B. either C. too D. also
( ) 6. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _____.
A. too B. either C. neither D. also
( ) 7. Peter looked _____ when he learned that he hadn’t passed the final exam.
A. sadly B. sad C. happily D. happy
( ) 8. It’s a good habit to keep the classroom _____ all the time.
A. cleanly B. clearly C. clear D. clean
( ) 9. -- Is there _____ in today’s newspaper?
-- Yes. It says that a new president has been elected already.
A. anything important B. any important thing
C. important anything D. any things important
( ) 10. Rose caught a _____ cold and has been _____ ill for days.
A. bad, bad B. bad, badly C. badly, bad D. badly, badly
( ) 11. In the exam, the _____ you are, the _____ mistakes you’ll make.
A. carefully, little B. more careful, fewer
C. more careful, less D. more carefully, fewer
( ) 12. Mike went to school today because he felt _____.
A. enough well B. good enough C. enough good D. well enough
( ) 13. The night was very _____, so he had to take off his shoes _____.
A. quiet, quietly B. quite, quickly C. late, quick D. quite, quietly
提高题
单项选择
( ) 1. If you like the chicken, you may have as _____ as you can.
A. more B. many C. little D. much
( ) 2. -- Uncle Wang is _____ man that he always helps others. -- Oh, he is really great .
A. so friend a B. such a friendly C. such friendly a D. so a friendly
( ) 3. It was _____ late to catch a bus after the party, so we took a taxi.
A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far
( ) 4. The plane got back to the airport and landed _____.
A. safe B. lively C. safely D. safety
( ) 5. You don’t need to go any _____, for the post office is near there.
A. far B. farther C. furthest D. farthest
( ) 6. _____ the young man is running!
A. How fast B. How quick C. How fastly D. What quickly
( ) 7. My sister is good at sports. She can jump _____ than me.
A. highest B. very high C. too high D. much higher
( ) 8. -- _____ will you finish the work? -- In a week.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far
( ) 9.-- Has Mr. White come _____? -- Yes. He has _____ been here for 10 minutes.
A. yet, already B. already, yet C. already, already D. yet, yet
( ) 10. It’s twelve o’clock at night, but Mr. Zhang is _____ working in the office.
A. already B. ever C. still D. yet
( ) 11. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
( ) 12. _____ you dive into the water, _____ you breathe.
A. Deeper; harder B. The deeper; the harder
C. The deep; the hard D. Deep; hard
( ) 13. -- Can you catch what I said? -- Sorry, I can _____ understand it.
A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. never
( ) 14. She always finishes her homework on time. She _____ leaves it for the next day.
A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes
( ) 15. -- _____ will it take us to get there by bus? -- About two hours.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick

第二部分：副词辨析
well 做副词修饰动词，意思是：好
做形容词是形容身体好的，健康的。

一、选择正确的词填空。
My father is a _____ teacher. He teaches English very______.(good, well)
The cloth feels ______and sells_____. (good, well)
The food tastes __________( good, well)
How ______(nice, well) the flower smells!
二、选择题。
1、Li Lei did quite ___in the English competition. I did even____.
A. better, well B. good, better C. well , better D. well, good
2、If he is ___, he'll be at work tomorrow.
A. enough well B. enough good C. well enough D. good enough
much too 与 too much：
1. much too 用于修饰形容词或副词，强调“实在……”或“太……”的语气。
It's much too expensive!
2. too much 用于修饰不可数名词，其本身也可以作代词或副词使用。
You shouldn’t drink too much.

一、用too much或 much too填空。
1. We both have ________work to do.
2. It's ________ cold outside．You'd better put on your overcoat．
3. She spent ________ money on clothes．
4. After finishing ________homework, she felt ________tired.
二、选择题。
1. He can't hear you because there is _____noise here．
A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many
2. Look！There's _____ice on the lake．
A．too much B．much too C．a lot
3. The sweater is very beautiful，but it's _____dear．
A．too much B．much too C．many D．more
4. These shoes are _____ big for me．
A．too many B．much more C．much too D． too much

第三部分：副词的比较级和最高级的用法
一、构成规则
1、一般单音节词在末尾加-er，-est
2、以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r，-st
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i再加-er，-est
4、重读闭音节（辅音+元音+辅音）词，双写末尾字母，再加-er，-est
5、部分双音节词和多音节词在前加more、most构成比较级和最高级
二、.不规则变化

原级
比较级
最高级
well（好地）
better
best
badly（坏的）
worse
worst
old（老的）
older
elder
oldest
eldest
many（多的）
much（多的）
more
most
little（少的）
less
least
far（远的）
farther
further
farthest
furthest

三、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1. 表示两个东西在某方面是一样的，用“as+副词原级+as”结构
I swim as fast as my sister.
2. 用于两者之间的比较，句子中常有连词than
I swim faster than my sister.
3. 用于三者或三者以上之间的比较用最高级
I swim fastest in my family.
四、用于比较级和最高级的句型
1 as + adv原形 + as 和……一样
as/so + adv原形 + as 和……不一样
2. 比较级+and+比较级”结构，“越来越……”
3. more and more +adv原形，“越来越……”
4. 表示一方随另一方程度变化时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构
五、注意事项
1. 比较级前可用much, far, even, a little, still, yet, a bit, a lot, 倍数或分数等词修饰
2. 副词的最高级前一般不用定冠词the
【专项练习二】
一、单项选择。
1. --- It’s so cold today.
　 --- Yes, it’s        than it was yesterday.
　 A. more cold        　B. more colder          C. much colder      　D. cold
2. She isn’t so        at maths as you are.
　 A. well　         B. good　             C. better　               D. best
3. Peter writes        of the three
　 A. better　      B. best　                 C. good　             D. well
4. Wu Lin ran        faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
　 A. so               　 B. much             　 C. very             D. too
5. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as
6. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
7. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
8. ---Remember this, children. _____ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
---We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
9. Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
10. ---What delicious cakes!
---They would taste ___ with butter.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful).
9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.

三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)
1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.
2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.
3. Hawaii is f_______ its beautiful beaches.
4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.
5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).
6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.
7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.
8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.
9. The boy is too l______ . He doesn’t want to do anything.
10. The dictionary is very u________ . It will help you a lot.
专项练习三】
1. The little girl was afraid of staying ______ in the _____ house.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
2. Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
3. There are many young trees on_____ sides of the road.
A. every 　 B. each 　 C. both 　 D. all
4. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
5. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
6. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
7. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of
8. — Have you had your supper _______ ?
— Yes, I have _____ had it.
A. already; yet B. yet; yet C. already; never D. yet; already
9 . She always finishes her homework on time. She _____ leaves it for tomorrow.
A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes
10. — Can you catch what I said?
— Sorry, I can ______ understand it.
A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. hard

【参考答案】
【专项练习一】
基础题
一、1. comfortably 2. carefully 3. earlier 4. highly 5. loudly
6. well 7. worried 8. really 9. interesting 10. interested
11. beautiful 12. pleasing
二、1-5 CACDB 　 6-10 ABDAB 11-12 CD
提高题
1-5 DBBCB 6-10 ADBAC 11-15 BBBBC
第二部分副词辨析答案：
一、good, well, good, well, good, nice
二、C C

一、too much much too too much too much much too

二、BABC
【专项练习二】
【专项练习三】1~5 ABCAB 6~10 A DDBB

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