the-secret-garden-秘密花园课件.ppt

The The The The Secret Secret Secret Secret G GG GardenardenardenardenI.AnintroductionII.TheauthorIII.BackgroundIV.MajorcharactersV.PlotsummaryVI.Majorthemes6、MajorthemesI.AnintroductionThe Secret GardenisanovelbyFrancesHodgsonBurnett.Itwasfirstpublishedin1911.ItisnowoneofBurnettsmostpopularnovels,andisconsideredtobeaclassicofEnglishchildrensliterature.Severalstageandfilmadaptationshavebeenproduced.II.TheauthorFrancesHodgsonBurnettBornFrancesElizaHodgson24November1849EnglandDied29October1924(aged74)UnitedStatesChildrenShehadtwoboys.Frances Eliza Hodgson BurnettwasanEnglishplaywrightandauthor.Sheisbestknownforherchildrensstories,inparticularLittle Lord Fauntleroy方特勒罗伊小爵爷(publishedin1885-6),A Little Princess(1905),andThe Secret Garden(1911).FrancesElizaHodgsonwasborninCheetham,England.Afterherfatherdiedin1852,thefamilyfellonstraitenedcircumstancesandin1865immigratedtotheUnitedStates,settlingnearKnoxville,Tennessee.ThereFrancesbeganwritingtohelpearnmoneyforthefamily,publishingstoriesinmagazinesfromtheageof19.In1870hermotherdied,andin1872FrancesmarriedSwanBurnett,whobecameamedicaldoctor.III.ThebackgroundTheBurnettslivedfortwoyearsinParis,wheretheirtwosonswereborn,beforereturningtotheUnitedStatestoliveinWashington,D.C.,Burnettthenbegantowritenovels.Beginninginthe1880s,shebegantotraveltoEnglandfrequentlyandinthe1890sboughtahometherewhereshewroteThe Secret Garden.Fromthemid-1890sshelivedinEnglandatGreatMaythamHallwhichhadalargegardenwheresheindulgedherloveforflowerswhereshemadeherhomeforthenextdecade,althoughshecontinuedannualtransatlantictripstotheUnitedStates.MaythamHallresembledafeudalmanorhousewhichenchantedBurnett.In1907,shereturnedpermanentlytotheUnitedStates,havingbecomeacitizenin1905,andshebuiltahome,completedin1908,inthePlandomeParksectionofPlandomeManoronLongIslandoutsideNewYorkCity.HersonVivianwasemployedinthepublishingbusinessandathisrequestsheagreedtobeeditorforChildrens Magazine.OverthenextseveralyearsshehadpublishedinChildrens Magazineanumberofshorterworks.In1911shehadThe Secret Gardenpublished.IV.MaincharactersMary:spoiltandwithatemper,sheisunaffectionateangry,rudeandobstinate.Dickonhasasoftwaywithanimalsandagoodnature.Eagertoabsorbhisgardeningknowledge,Maryletshimintothesecretofthegarden,whichheagreestokeep.Colin:heisthesonofheruncle;hismotherdiedwhenhewasababy,andhesuffersfromanunspecifiedproblemwithhisspine.MaryLennoxisatroubled,sickly,andunloved10-year-oldgirlborninIndiatoselfish,wealthyBritishparents.Sheisprimarilycaredforbyservants,whopacifyherasmuchaspossibletokeepheroutofherparentsway.Shegrowsintoaspoiledandselfishgirl.Eventually,thereisacholeraepidemicinIndiawhichkillsMarysparentsandalltheservants.Maryisdiscoveredalivebutaloneintheemptyhouse.ShebrieflyliveswithanEnglishclergymanandhisfamilyandisthensenttoYorkshire,England,tolivewithArchibaldCraven,anuncleshehasnevermet,athishomecalledMisselthwaiteManor.PlotsummaryAtfirst,Maryisherusualself,sourandrude,dislikingheruncleslargehouse,thepeoplewithinit,and,mostofall,thevaststretchofmoor,whichseemsscrubby穷酸,andgreyafterthewinter.Sheistoldthatshemuststayconfinedtohertworoomsandkeepherselfamusedwithoutmuchattention.MarthaSowerby,agood-naturedmaid,tellsMaryastoryofthelateMrs.Cravenandhowshewouldspendhoursinaprivatewalledgardengrowingroses.Mrs.Cravenfelltoherdeathwhenatreebranchgavewaybeneathher,andthedevastatedMr.Cravenlockedthegardenandburiedthekey.Maryispiqued刺激bythisstoryandherillmannerbeginstosoften.Soon,shecomestoenjoythecompanyofMartha,BenWeatherstaff,thegardener,andafriendlyrobinredbreastwhomsheassignsahumanpersonality.Herappetiteincreasesandshegrowsstrongerassheplaysbyherselfonthemoor.MarthasmotherbuysMaryaskippingropetoencouragethis,andMarytakestoitimmediately.Maryoccupieshertimewonderingaboutboththesecretgardenandthecriesshehearsatnight.Theservantsclaimnottohearthecries.AsMaryisexploringtheperipheryofthegardens,herrobinfrienddrawsherattentiontoanareaofturned-oversoil.Maryfindsthekeytothelockedgarden,andeventuallythedoortothegarden.SheasksMarthaforgardentools,whichMarthasendswithDickon,hertwelve-year-oldbrother.MaryandDickontakealikingtoeachother,asDickonhasakindwaywithanimalsandagoodnature.Eagertoabsorbhisgardeningknowledge,Maryletshiminonthesecretofthegarden.Thatnight,Maryhearsthecryingagain.Shefollowsthenoiseand,tohersurprise,findsasmallboyheragelivinginahiddenbedroom.HisnameisColin.Shesoondiscoversthattheyarecousins:heisthesonofheruncle,hismotherdiedwhenhewasababy,andhesuffersfromanunspecifiedspinalproblem.Maryvisitseverydaythatweek,distractinghimfromhistroubleswithstoriesofthemoor,Dickonandhisanimals,andthegarden.Maryfinallyadmitsshehasaccesstothesecretgarden,andtheydecideColinneedsfreshair.Colinisputintohiswheelchairandbroughtoutsideintothegarden,thefirsttimehehasbeenoutdoorsinyears.Whileinthegarden,thechildrenaresurprisedtoseeBenWeatherstafflookingoverthewallonaladder.StartledandangrytofindthechildrenthereinColinsmothersgarden,headmitshebelievedColintobeacripple.Colinstandsupfromhischairandfindsthathislegsarefine,thoughweakfromdisuseforsolong.Colinspendseverydayinthegarden.ThechildrenconspiretokeepColinsrecoveringhealthasecretsohecansurprisehisfather,whoistravellingandstillmourninghislatewife.AsColinshealthimproves,hisfarawayfatherseesacoincidingincreaseinspirits,culminatinginadreamwherehislatewifecallstohimfrominsidethegarden.WhenhereceivesaletterfromMarthasmother,hetakestheopportunitytofinallyreturnhome.Hewalkstheoutergardenwallinhiswifesmemory,buthearsvoicesinside,findsthedoorunlocked,andisshockedtoseethegardeninfullbloom,includinghishealthyandinvigoratedson.Theservantswatch,stunned,asMr.CravenwalksbacktothemanorandColinrunsbesidehim.MajorthemesRejuvenationThegrowthinthegardenandMaryisthebookscentralsymbol,inspiredinpartbyBurnettsinterestinMaryBakerEddysChristianSciencetheories.1ThesecretgardenatMisselthwaiteManoristhesiteofboththenear-destructionandthesubsequentregenerationofafamily.2Usingthegardenmotif,Burnettexploresthehealingpowerinherentinlivingthings.Inaveryliteralsense,MaryLennoxcomesaliveashergardendoes.ThesamegoesforColinandMrCraven.Astheytendtosomethingoutsidetheirownsorrow,theyfindjoyandnewlife.Sensibility识别力识别力Thestoryconstitutesastrugglebetweencommonsenseandtheacceptedwisdomoftheday,inwhichcommonsensewins.Servantsandfatherareseentodoharmbygettingcaughtupinfalseideasthatcomefromthedoctorwhoespousesmedicalpracticesoftheday.AnexcellentsymbolforcommonEnglishsensibilityisSusanSowerby,DickonandMarthasmother.Sheactsasaopen-armsmotherfigure,onethatismorethanwelcomingofsuchunlovedchildrenasMaryandColin.Sherealizestheimportanceoflaughinginmakingthetwoofthemstronger,butalsotheimportanceoffightingwithoneanotherinordertorealizetheimpacttheirwordshaveonothers.Thechildren,byfollowingherfolkwisdomovercomplicatedscience,arecuredbythefreshsummerair,exercise,laughter,andgoodEnglishsense.PositivethinkingOneofthewaysMaryandColinrecoverfromtheirpastexperiencesisatypeofEnglishpracticalitywhichissomethingthattodaymightbecalledthepowerofpositivethinkingandbeliefitcanbringaboutpsychologicalandphysicalhealing.MaryandColinbegintospeakofthemagicofthegarden.DickoncountersthatthemagicisactuallyGodlivingthroughthefieldsandforests.BurnettwasafollowerofChristianScience,withitsbeliefinGodasalifeforceratherthanaperson.Therearemanybeautifulviewsaroundus.Theyarefreetous.Letsenjoythem.