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1、Steve Jobs:How to live before you dieThankyou.Imhonoredtobewithyoutodayforyourcommencementfromoneofthefinestuniversitiesintheworld.Truthbetold,InevergraduatedfromcollegeandthisistheclosestIveevergottentoacollegegraduation.TodayIwanttotellyouthreestoriesfrommylife.Thatsit.Nobigdeal.Justthreestories.T
2、hefirststoryisaboutconnectingthedots.IdroppedoutofReedCollegeafterthefirstsixmonthsbutthenstayedaroundasadrop-inforanothereighteenmonthsorsobeforeIreallyquit.SowhydidIdropout?ItstartedbeforeIwasborn.Mybiologicalmotherwasayoung,unwedgraduatestudent,andshedecidedtoputmeupforadoption.Shefeltverystrongl
3、ythatIshouldbeadoptedbycollegegraduates,soeverythingwasallsetformetobeadoptedatbirthbyalawyerandhiswife,exceptthatwhenIpoppedout,theydecidedatthelastminutethattheyreallywantedagirl.Somyparents,whowereonawaitinglist,gotacallinthemiddleofthenightasking,Wevegotanunexpectedbabyboy.Doyouwanthim?Theysaid,
4、Ofcourse.Mybiologicalmotherfoundoutlaterthatmymotherhadnevergraduatedfromcollegeandthatmyfatherhadnevergraduatedfromhighschool.Sherefusedtosignthefinaladoptionpapers.SheonlyrelentedafewmonthslaterwhenmyparentspromisedthatIwouldgotocollege.Thiswasthestartinmylife.Andseventeenyearslater,Ididgotocolleg
5、e,butInaivelychoseacollegethatwasalmostasexpensiveasStanford,andallofmyworking-classparentssavingswerebeingspentonmycollegetuition.Aftersixmonths,Icouldntseethevalueinit.IhadnoideawhatIwantedtodowithmylife,andnoideaofhowcollegewasgoingtohelpmefigureitout,andhereIwas,spendingallthemoneymyparentshadsa
6、vedtheirentirelife.SoIdecidedtodropoutandtrustthatitwouldallworkoutOK.Itwasprettyscaryatthetime,butlookingback,itwasoneofthebestdecisionsIevermade.TheminuteIdroppedout,Icouldstoptakingtherequiredclassesthatdidntinterestmeandbegindroppinginontheonesthatlookedfarmoreinteresting.Itwasntallromantic.Idid
7、nthaveadormroom,soIsleptonthefloorinfriendsrooms.IreturnedCokebottlesforthefive-centdepositstobuyfoodwith,andIwouldwalkthesevenmilesacrosstowneverySundaynighttogetonegoodmealaweekattheHareKrishnatemple.Ilovedit.AndmuchofwhatIstumbledintobyfollowingmycuriosityandintuitionturnedouttobepricelesslateron
8、Letmegiveyouoneexample.ReedCollegeatthattimeofferedperhapsthebestcalligraphyinstructioninthecountry.Throughoutthecampuseveryposter,everylabeloneverydrawerwasbeautifullyhand-calligraphed.BecauseIhaddroppedoutanddidnthavetotakethenormalclasses,Idecidedtotakeacalligraphyclasstolearnhowtodothis.Ilearne
9、daboutserifandsans-seriftypefaces,aboutvaryingtheamountofspacebetweendifferentlettercombinations,aboutwhatmakesgreattypographygreat.Itwasbeautiful,historical,artisticallysubtleinawaythatsciencecantcapture,andIfounditfascinating.Noneofthishadevenahopeofanypracticalapplicationinmylife.Buttenyearslater
10、whenweweredesigningthefirstMacintoshcomputer,itallcamebacktome,andwedesigneditallintotheMac.Itwasthefirstcomputerwithbeautifultypography.IfIhadneverdroppedinonthatsinglecourseincollege,theMacwouldhaveneverhadmultipletypefacesorproportionallyspacedfonts,andsinceWindowsjustcopiedtheMac,itslikelythatno
11、personalcomputerwouldhavethem.IfIhadneverdroppedout,Iwouldhaveneverdroppedinonthatcalligraphyclassandpersonalscomputersmightnothavethewonderfultypographythattheydo.OfcourseitwasimpossibletoconnectthedotslookingforwardwhenIwasincollege,butitwasvery,veryclearlookingbackwards10yearslater.Again,youcantc
12、onnectthedotslookingforward.Youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards,soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.Youhavetotrustinsomething-yourgut,destiny,life,karma,whatever-becausebelievingthatthedotswillconnectdowntheroadwillgiveyoutheconfidencetofollowyourheart,evenwhenitleadsyouoffth
13、ewell-wornpath,andthatwillmakeallthedifference.Mysecondstoryisaboutloveandloss.Iwaslucky.IfoundwhatIlovedtodoearlyinlife.WozandIstartedAppleinmyparentsgaragewhenIwastwenty.Weworkedhardandintenyears,Applehadgrownfromjustthetwoofusinagarageintoa$2billioncompanywithover4,000employees.Wedjustreleasedour
14、finestcreation,theMacintosh,ayearearlier,andIdjustturnedthirty,andthenIgotfired.Howcanyougetfiredfromacompanyyoustarted?Well,asApplegrew,wehiredsomeonewhoIthoughtwasverytalentedtorunthecompanywithme,andforthefirstyearorso,thingswentwell.Butthenourvisionsofthefuturebegantodiverge,andeventuallywehadaf
15、allingout.Whenwedid,ourboardofdirectorssidedwithhim,andsoatthirty,Iwasout,andverypubliclyout.Whathadbeenthefocusofmyentireadultlifewasgone,anditwasdevastating.Ireallydidntknowwhattodoforafewmonths.IfeltthatIhadletthepreviousgenerationofentrepreneursdown,thatIhaddroppedthebatonasitwasbeingpassedtome.
16、ImetwithDavidPackardandBobNoyceandtriedtoapologizeforscrewingupsobadly.IwasaverypublicfailureandIeventhoughtaboutrunningawayfromtheValley.Butsomethingslowlybegantodawnonme.IstilllovedwhatIdid.TheturnofeventsatApplehadnotchangedthatonebit.IdbeenrejectedbutIwasstillinlove.AndsoIdecidedtostartover.Idid
17、ntseeitthen,butitturnedoutthatgettingfiredfromApplewasthebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsinmylife.DuringthenextfiveyearsIstartedacompanynamedNeXT,anot
18、hercompanynamedPixarandfellinlovewithanamazingwomanwhowouldbecomemywife.Pixarwentontocreatetheworldsfirstcomputer-animatedfeaturefilm,ToyStory,andisnowthemostsuccessfulanimationstudiointheworld.Inaremarkableturnofevents,AppleboughtNeXTandIreturnedtoAppleandthetechnologywedevelopedatNeXTisatthehearto
19、fApplescurrentrenaissance,andLoreneandIhaveawonderfulfamilytogether.ImprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadntbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicinebutIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifesgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Dontlosefaith.ImconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIl
20、ovedwhatIdid.Youvegottofindwhatyoulove,andthatisastrueforworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork,andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaventfoundityet,keeplooking,anddontsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheh
21、eart,youllknowwhenyoufindit,andlikeanygreatrelationshipitjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking.Dontsettle.Mythirdstoryisaboutdeath.WhenIwas17IreadaquotethatwentsomethinglikeIfyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyoullmostcertainlyberight.Itmadeanimpressiononme,andsincethen,forthepa
22、st33years,Ihavelookedinthemirroreverymorningandaskedmyself,Iftodaywerethelastdayofmylife,wouldIwanttodowhatIamabouttodotoday?Andwhenevertheanswerhasbeennofortoomanydaysinarow,IknowIneedtochangesomething.RememberingthatIllbedeadsoonisthemostimportantthingIveeverencounteredtohelpmemakethebigchoicesinl
23、ife,becausealmosteverything-allexternalexpectations,allpride,allfearofembarrassmentorfailure-thesethingsjustfallawayinthefaceofdeath,leavingonlywhatistrulyimportant.RememberingthatyouaregoingtodieisthebestwayIknowtoavoidthetrapofthinkingyouhavesomethingtolose.Youarealreadynaked.Thereisnoreasonnottof
24、ollowyourheart.Aboutayearago,Iwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Ihadascanat7:30inthemorninganditclearlyshowedatumoronmypancreas.Ididntevenknowwhatapancreaswas.Thedoctorstoldmethiswasalmostcertainlyatypeofcancerthatisincurable,andthatIshouldexpecttolivenolongerthanthreetosixmonths.Mydoctoradvisedmetogohomeandge
25、tmyaffairsinorder,whichisdoctorscodeforpreparetodie.Itmeanstotryandtellyourkidseverythingyouthoughtyoudhavethenexttenyearstotellthem,injustafewmonths.Itmeanstomakesurethateverythingisbuttonedupsothatitwillbeaseasyaspossibleforyourfamily.Itmeanstosayyourgoodbyes.Ilivedwiththatdiagnosisallday.Latertha
26、teveningIhadabiopsywheretheystuckanendoscopedownmythroat,throughmystomachintomyintestines,putaneedleintomypancreasandgotafewcellsfromthetumor.Iwassedatedbutmywife,whowasthere,toldmethatwhentheyviewedthecellsunderamicroscope,thedoctorstartedcrying,becauseitturnedouttobeaveryrareformofpancreaticcancer
27、thatiscurablewithsurgery.Ihadthesurgeryand,thankfully,Iamfinenow.ThiswastheclosestIvebeentofacingdeath,andIhopeitstheclosestIgetforafewmoredecades.Havinglivedthroughit,Icannowsaythistoyouwithabitmorecertaintythanwhendeathwasausefulbutpurelyintellectualconcept.Noonewantstodie,evenpeoplewhowanttogotoH
28、eavendontwanttodietogetthere,andyet,deathisthedestinationweallshare.Noonehaseverescapedit.Andthatisasitshouldbe,becausedeathisverylikelythesinglebestinventionoflife.Itslifeschangeagent;itclearsouttheoldtomakewayforthenew.rightnow,thenewisyou.Butsomeday,nottoolongfromnow,youwillgraduallybecometheolda
29、ndbeclearedaway.Sorrytobesodramatic,butitsquitetrue.Yourtimeislimited,sodontwasteitlivingsomeoneelseslife.Dontbetrappedbydogma,whichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeoplesthinking.Dontletthenoiseofothersopinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice,heartandintuition.Theysomehowalreadyknowwhatyoutrulywanttobecome.E
30、verythingelseissecondary.WhenIwasyoung,therewasanamazingpublicationcalledTheWholeEarthCatalogue,whichwasoneofthebiblesofmygeneration.ItwascreatedbyafellownamedStuartBrandnotfarfromhereinMenloPark,andhebroughtittolifewithhispoetictouch.ThiswasinthelateSixties,beforepersonalcomputersanddesktoppublishi
31、ng,soitwasallmadewithtypewriters,scissors,andPolaroidcameras.ItwassortoflikeGoogleinpaperbackformthirty-fiveyearsbeforeGooglecamealong.Itwasidealistic,overflowingwithneattoolsandgreatnotions.StuartandhisteamputoutseveralissuesofTheWholeEarthCatalogue,andthenwhenithadrunitscourse,theyputoutafinalissu
32、e.Itwasthemid-SeventiesandIwasyourage.Onthebackcoveroftheirfinalissuewasaphotographofanearlymorningcountryroad,thekindyoumightfindyourselfhitchhikingonifyouweresoadventurous.Beneathwerethewords,Stayhungry,stayfoolish.Itwastheirfarewellmessageastheysignedoff.Stayhungry,stayfoolish.AndIhavealwayswishedthatformyself,andnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou.Stayhungry,stayfoolish.Thankyouall,verymuch.Thank you all,very much
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