英语中的形容词.doc

一、 For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use
二、
三、 For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use
四、
五、 形容词概念
定义：说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。
六、 形容词构词法
加后缀： 比如-ly(friendly， lovely，lonely， lively，ugly，brotherly), -ful(helpful, hopeful, useful, careful), -ern(western, eatern)，-y(windy, rainy, furry, sunny, snowy, noisy)还有比如-ese, -ian等
合成：two-week, eight-year-old等等
七、 形容词功能。
1. 做定语，a, 放在所修饰的名词之前，头发：长短，曲直，颜色, long straight black hair。
普通名词：大小，形状，新旧，颜色，国籍，材料， a big round new yellow Chinese wood table.
b, 放在所修饰词之后的，如合成不定代词，some-,no-,any 和 every-+-thing,-body和放在量词之后，He is one metres tall.和else 修饰疑问代词时
c, 表示位置、次序的形容词left  左边的 right  右边的elder 年长的，latter 后者的；表示某种材料的形容词，golden  金的，wooden 木制的
2. 作表语。
A, 只能做表语的形容词，afraid, alone, asleep, alive, well, ill, alike, awake等
（正）Don’t be afraid.（误）Mr Li is an afraid man.（正）The old man was ill yesterday.
（误）This is an ill person.
B, 感动系动词+adj, feel, sound, smell, taste, look
C, 表示使、变的get wet, bee good, turn red, grow big等。
3. 作宾语补足语。
Make, keep, find
The teacher makes it easy to learn.
Please keep the classroom clean.
I find it hard to learn English.
4. 常见形容词句型。
It is +adj+for(of) sb to do sth.
形容词+不定式 常用于这种句型的形容词有：able, sure, lucky, ready, happy, likely(可能的)等。例如She is sure to pass the exam.她一定会考及格的。I’m lucky to meet you here.我真幸运，能在这儿碰到你
5. .“the+形容词”用作主语及宾语The old often think of old things.老年人经常回想往事。The new always take the place of the old.新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。
四 形容词的比较级和最高级
形容词变化规则
a 单音节词和少数双音节词（clever）-er, -est, taller, tallest
b. 以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；
large→larger→largest, nice→nicer→nicest
c. 在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
d. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
e．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；
如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more,different→most
different
注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
f. 不规则
原级
比较级
最高级
good(好的)/ well(健康的)
better
best
bad(坏的)/ ill(病的)
worse
worst
old(老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
more
most
little(少的)
less
least
far(远的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
2． 用法
“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
　　如：This tree is taller than that one 这棵树比那棵树高。
　　注意：
　　① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 比如，Her hair is longerer than me。是个错句子，应该说，Her hair is longer than mine/my hair.
　　②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。
如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
　　如：It bees warmer and warmer when spring es.
　　春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。
　　It is getting cooler and cooler.
　　天气越来越凉爽。
　　The wind became more and more h eavily.
　　风变得越来越大。
　　Our school is being more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
　3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有 两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较 级形式。
　　如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更 高，Tim还是Tom?
　　4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”， 表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make, the
more you spend.
　　钱你赚得越多，花得越多。
　　The sooner，the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：
①. A is …times（twice） the size /height/length/width of B.
如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
6. 形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示最……”的意思。
句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如of the three, in our class等等。
　　如：He is the tallest in our class.
他在我们班里是最高的.
7. 原级肯定as…as…He is as old as me
否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。 ,
He is not so old as me.=He is younger than me.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换：
　Mike is the most intelligent in his
class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
1） 可修饰比较级的词
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语
注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
　 (错) Tom is the tallest of his
three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent
9.要避免重复使用比较级。
　　(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother
10. 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
11. 要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out
注意：most有时和形容词连用，前面用不定冠词，表示“非常”
Eg. It's a most useful book.
它是一本非常有用的书。

初四形容词习题专练
姓名：_____________ 日期:_______________ 分数：___________
一．选择题
1. You are fatter than _______.
  A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall
2. The Changjiang River is one of ______ in the world.
 A. the longest river B. The more
C. the longest rivers D. longer river
3. My hair is longer than _______.
  A. my sister B. Kate
C. my brother’s  D.Lucys’
4. There is ______ paper here. Please bring some.
 A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 
5. It’s too ______ for you to do that.
  A. easy B. more dangerous
C. harder D. the easist
6. Mother is _______ in my family.
  A. busy B. busier
C. the busiest D. more busy
7. The dumplings are _______ than the noodles, I think.
 A. more nicer B. much delicious
C. very nice D. much more delicious
8. They’re going to have      holiday next month.
A. a two weeks    B. two-week
C. atwo-week        D. two weeks
9. This match made them      at last.
A.happily  B.quickly  C.slowly  D.friendly
10. Miss Li asked a question, but it
was      that nobody could answer it.
A.very difficult     B.too difficult
C.difficult enough  D.so difficult
11. The day is bright and      .Let’s go for a walk. A.sunny   B.dark     C.cloudy      D.wind
12. Mr Brown is a rich man. He often helps the      .
A.poor    B.rich     C.poorer    D.richer
13. My cousin is very busy with his work .He has _____time to read newspaper.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
14. There’s_____with your watch because it often keeps bad time.
A. nothing wrong B. something wrong
C. wrong nothing D. wrong something
15. Mother looked ______when she received our presents.
A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. happily
16. What ____ do you want to buy?
A. otherB. other bookC. else D. else book
17. The ____ boy is still in bed.
A. alone B. asleep C. afraid D. sleeping
18. Last night, my father came home ___ later than before.
A. more B. very C. never D. a little
19. Is Chinese _____ English?
A. so as useful B. more useful as
C. as easy as D. easier as
20. She is a _______ girl .
A six-years-old B six-year-old
C six-year-old D six years old
21. --- What delicious cakes ！
--- They would taste ________ with butter .
A good B better C bad D worse
22. Harry Potter is an ________ movie,every student is ____ in it. .
A interesting; interesting
B interested; interested
C interesting; interested
D interested; interesting
23. --- Who else does he want to see ?
--- If he doesn’t want to see , does ______ want to ?
A anybody else B everybody else
C else everybody D else anybody
24. --- Dad ,could you buy me a puter like this ?
--- Of course , we can buy ______ one than this ,but ___ it .
A a better; cheaper than
B a popular; as good as
C a more popular; not as good as
D a cheaper; as good as
25. The old man lives ____, but he doesn’t feel ______.
A alone B lonely C lone D himself
26. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was __ with me .
A sad B pleased C angry D sorry
27. ________ are taken me good care of in this hospital .
A The sick B The sicks
C The ill men D The ills
28. --- What do you think of his position?
--- very long , but ______ .
A not well B not badly C not bad D no bad
29. We all find it __ to learn English well.
A. hard B. hardly C. easily D. easier
30. The little girl has _____ hair.
A. curly long blond B. long curly blond
C. long blond curly D. blond long curly
31. His ____ son often go to see him on Sunday.
A. eldest B. older C. the eldest D. the older
31. He is two years ___ than I.
A. elder B. smaller C. younger D. less
32. China has a large population than _____ in the world.
A. all the countries B. every country
C. any country D. any other country
33. Now air in our town is _ than it used to be. 
Something must be done to it.
A. very good  B. much better  
C. rather than    D. even worse
34. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the 
second__ island in China.
A.large B. larger C. largest D. most large
35. Which is __ season in Beijing?   I think it’s s
pring.
A.good  B.well  C. best  D.the best
36. The old man was too tired to walk any
A. far B. farther
C. the farthest D. farer
37. I don’t feel very ______ today.
A. nice B. good
C. better D. well
38. She is very thin, but her sister is even ______.
A. very thin B. thinner
C. much thin D. the thinnest
39. This pencil is _______ that one.
A. so long as B. as longer as
C. longer than D. not as longer as
40. I think the watch is _______ of all.
A. nice B. the much nicer
C. very nicest D. the nicest
二、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is  _______ ( young ) than Fred but
________  (tall) than Fred.                   
 2. Yingtian is not as ___________  (tall) as
Yongxian.                                         3. Almost all the students' faces are the same
but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than
before the holidays
4. Which is _________  (heavy),a hen or a chicken?               
5. --How  _________(tall) is Sally?              
--  She's 1.55 metres  ______  (tall). What  aboutXiaoling?                            --She's only 1.40 metres _____  (tall). She is much  _______  (short) than Sally.   
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the   class.                                     
6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is  much  ______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _______ (bad) at English.
 7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.             
8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________(expensive)
than a story-book.
10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an
apple, but much ________ (small) than a
 watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the  _______
(long)river in China.
 12. Sue is a little ________  (beautiful) than her
sister.
13. My room is not as  _________  (big) as
my   brother' s.
 14. --How difficult is physics?
      --I' m not sure.
      --  Is it ________  (difficult) than maths?
      --  I don' t think so.
 15. -- Annie plays the piano very ___________
(well).
       -- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie
And Sally plays it the __________ (well).
16. Saturday  is my  _______ (busy) day in a
week.
 17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat)
and  ________ (fat).
 18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a
_____________ (cheap) one.
 19. He es to school much ____________
(early)  than I.                                    
 20. This book is not as _________(interesting)
as that one.
21. Africa is the second _______ continent.
(large)
22. Practise as  ______ (much) as you can.   
23.The______(much),the  _______(good).      24. Nowadays English is_________( important )
than any other subject, 1 think.               
25. Most of the students think a lion  is much
 ________(dangerous) than a bear and  it is   the  __________ (dangerous) animal in the world. 
26. He made it _______ (possible) to solve the problem.
27. His aunt is ______ (friendly) to us all.
28. Look! How ________ the boys and girls are talking and laughing! (happy)
29. Please be _____ when you cross the road. (careful)
30. Please send the ______ (sick) to the hospital quickly.
三. 改错：
1. He is as taller as I am.
2. She is a little thiner than she looks.         
3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in the
class.
4. The girls study the better than the boy.      
5. It is one of  the more interesting book that
I  have  ever read.                        
6. He says Mary is most  friendliest person in
the  class.
7. Which city  is  most beautiful, Beijing or
Guangzhou?
8. Jack works hard. Mike works  very harder
than Jack.
9 London is the bigger city in Britain.
10. Bob plays football badly but Fred plays
football much badlier than Bob.
 四.完成句子：
 1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。
      She doesn't look __________ _________
__________ Mary.
 2. 杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。
      Jack's father is __________ _________
_________  than her mother.
3. 我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。
  Our classroom is  _________ _________
 than  theirs.
4. 当心！这条路越来越危险。
      Look out! The road is being  ________
and _________ ________.
5. 你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？
       Which animal do you like __________ ,
a  cat or a dog?

仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。
For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use.
Nur für den persönlichen für Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.
Pour l 'étude et la recherche uniquement à des fins personnelles; pas à des fins merciales.
 только для людей, которые используются для обучения, исследований и не должны использоваться в коммерческих целях. 

以下无正文

仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。
For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use.
Nur für den persönlichen für Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.
Pour l 'étude et la recherche uniquement à des fins personnelles; pas à des fins merciales.
 только для людей, которые используются для обучения, исследований и не должны использоваться в коммерческих целях. 

以下无正文