英语中的形容词.doc

一、 For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use二、三、 For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use四、五、 形容词概念定义：说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。六、 形容词构词法加后缀：比如-ly(friendly， lovely，lonely， lively，ugly，brotherly), -ful(helpful, hopeful, useful, careful), -ern(western, eatern)，-y(windy, rainy, furry, sunny, snowy, noisy)还有比如-ese, -ian等合成：two-week, eight-year-old等等七、 形容词功能。1. 做定语，a, 放在所修饰的名词之前，头发：长短，曲直，颜色, long straight black hair。普通名词：大小，形状，新旧，颜色，国籍，材料， a big round new yellow Chinese wood table.b, 放在所修饰词之后的，如合成不定代词，some-,no-,any 和 every-+-thing,-body，和放在量词之后，He is one metres tall.和else 修饰疑问代词时c, 表示位置、次序的形容词left 左边的 right 右边的elder 年长的，latter 后者的；表示某种材料的形容词，golden 金的，wooden 木制的2.作表语。A, 只能做表语的形容词，afraid, alone, asleep, alive, well, ill, alike, awake等（正）Dont be afraid.（误）Mr Li is an afraid man.（正）The old man was ill yesterday.（误）This is an ill person.B, 感动系动词+adj, feel, sound, smell, taste, lookC, 表示使、变的get wet, bee good, turn red, grow big等。3.作宾语补足语。Make, keep, findThe teacher makes it easy to learn.Please keep the classroom clean.I find it hard to learn English.4.常见形容词句型。It is +adj+for(of) sb to do sth.形容词+不定式 常用于这种句型的形容词有：able, sure, lucky, ready, happy, likely(可能的)等。例如She is sure to pass the exam.她一定会考及格的。Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸运，能在这儿碰到你5.“the+形容词”用作主语及宾语The old often think of old things.老年人经常回想往事。The new always take the place of the old.新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。四 形容词的比较级和最高级形容词变化规则a. 单音节词和少数双音节词（clever）-er, -est, taller, tallestb. 以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；largelargerlargest, nicenicernicestc. 在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattestd. 以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappieste其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore,differentmostdifferent注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. f.不规则原级比较级最高级good(好的)/ well(健康的)betterbestbad(坏的)/ ill(病的)worseworstold(老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest2用法“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 比如，Her hair is longerer than me。是个错句子，应该说，Her hair is longer than mine/my hair.在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It bees warmer and warmer when spring es. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is being more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is times（twice） the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的.7.原级肯定asasHe is as old as me否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 ,He is not so old as me.=He is younger than me.8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class1）可修饰比较级的词.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent9.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother10.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.11.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out注意：most有时和形容词连用，前面用不定冠词，表示“非常” Eg. Its a most useful book. 它是一本非常有用的书。初四形容词习题专练姓名：_ 日期:_ 分数：_一选择题1.You are fatter than _. A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall2.The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more C. the longest rivers D. longer river3.My hair is longer than _. A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D.Lucys4.There is _ paper here. Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little5.Its too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easist6.Mother is _ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy7.The dumplings are _ than the noodles, I think. A. more nicer B. much delicious C. very nice D. much more delicious8.Theyre going to have holiday next month.A. a two weeksB. two-weekC. atwo-weekD. two weeks9.This match made them at last.A.happilyB.quicklyC.slowlyD.friendly10.Miss Li asked a question, but it was that nobody could answer it.A.very difficult B.too difficultC.difficult enoughD.so difficult11.The day is bright and .Lets go for a walk. A.sunnyB.dark C.cloudy D.wind12.Mr Brown is a rich man. He often helps the .A.poor B.rich C.poorer D.richer13.My cousin is very busy with his work .He has _time to read newspaper.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 14.Theres_with your watch because it often keeps bad time.A. nothing wrong B. something wrong C. wrong nothing D. wrong something15.Mother looked _when she received our presents.A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. happily16.What _ do you want to buy?A. otherB. other bookC. elseD. else book17.The _ boy is still in bed.A. aloneB. asleepC. afraidD. sleeping18.Last night, my father came home _ later than before.A. moreB. veryC. neverD. a little19.Is Chinese _ English?A. so as usefulB. more useful asC. as easy asD. easier as20.She is a _ girl .A six-years-old B six-year-oldC six-year-old D six years old 21.- What delicious cakes ！ - They would taste _ with butter .A good B better C bad D worse 22.Harry Potter is an _ movie,every student is _ in it. .A interesting; interestingB interested; interestedC interesting; interested D interested; interesting23.- Who else does he want to see ?- If he doesnt want to see , does _ want to ?A anybody else B everybody else C else everybody D else anybody24.- Dad ,could you buy me a puter like this ?- Of course , we can buy _ one than this ,but _ it .A a better; cheaper thanB a popular; as good as C a more popular; not as good as D a cheaper; as good as25.The old man lives _, but he doesnt feel _.A alone B lonely C lone D himself26.The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me .A sad B pleased C angry D sorry27._ are taken me good care of in this hospital .A The sick B The sicks C The ill men D The ills28.- What do you think of his position?- very long , but _ .A not well B not badly C not bad D no bad29.We all find it _ to learn English well.A. hardB. hardlyC. easilyD. easier30.The little girl has _ hair.A. curly long blondB. long curly blondC. long blond curlyD. blond long curly31.His _ son often go to see him on Sunday.A. eldest B. older C. the eldest D. the older31.He is two years _ than I. A. elder B. smaller C. younger D. less32.China has a large population than _ in the world.A. all the countriesB. every countryC. any countryD. any other country33. Nowairinourtownis_thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetoit.A.verygoodB.muchbetterC.ratherthanD.evenworse34. Hainanisaverylargeisland.Itsthesecond_islandinChina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlarge35. Whichis_seasoninBeijing?Ithinkitsspring.A.goodB.wellC.bestD.thebest36.The old man was too tired to walk any _.A. farB. fartherC. the farthestD. farer37.I dont feel very _ today.A. niceB. goodC. betterD. well38.She is very thin, but her sister is even _.A. very thinB. thinnerC. much thinD. the thinnest39.This pencil is _ that one.A. so long asB. as longer asC. longer thanD. not as longer as40.I think the watch is _ of all.A. niceB. the much nicerC. very nicestD. the nicest二、用适当形式填空：1. Bob is_ ( young ) than Fred but _(tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as _(tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) thanbefore the holidays4.Which is _(heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.-How_(tall) is Sally? -Shes 1.55 metres_(tall). WhataboutXiaoling? -Shes only 1.40 metres _(tall).She is much_(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He ismuch_ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9.A dictionary is much _(expensive)than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the_ (long)river in China.12. Sue is a little _(beautiful) than her sister.13.My room is not as_(big) as my brother s.14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. -Is it _(difficult) than maths? -I don t think so.15.- Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than AnnieAnd Sally plays it the _ (well).16. Saturdayis my_ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and_ (fat).18. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one.19. He es to school much _ (early)than I. 20.This book is not as _(interesting)as that one.21. Africa is the second _ continent. (large)22. Practise as_ (much) as you can. 23.The_(much),the_(good). 24. Nowadays English is_( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lionis much_(dangerous) than a bear and it is the_ (dangerous) animal in the world. 26.He made it _ (possible) to solve the problem.27.His aunt is _ (friendly) to us all.28.Look! How _ the boys and girls are talking and laughing! (happy)29.Please be _ when you cross the road. (careful)30.Please send the _ (sick) to the hospital quickly.三.改错：1. He is as taller as I am.2. She is a little thiner than she looks. 3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in theclass.4.The girls study the better than the boy. 5. It is one ofthe more interesting book that Ihaveever read. 6. He says Mary is mostfriendliest person in theclass.7. Which cityismost beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou?8. Jack works hard. Mike worksvery harder than Jack.9. London is the bigger city in Britain.10.Bob plays football badly but Fred plays football much badlier than Bob.四.完成句子：1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesnt look _ _ _ Mary.2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。 Jacks father is _ _ _than her mother.3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。Our classroom is_ _thantheirs.4.当心！这条路越来越危险。 Look out! The road is being_ and _ _.5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Which animal do you like _ , acat or a dog?仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use.Nur fr den persnlichen fr Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l tude et la recherche uniquement des fins personnelles; pas des fins merciales. , , . 以下无正文 仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。For personal use only in study and research; not for mercial use.Nur fr den persnlichen fr Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l tude et la recherche uniquement des fins personnelles; pas des fins merciales. , , . 以下无正文