高考英语专题复习命题规律探究+题组分层专题一名词介词和代词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题一 名词、介词和代词,高考英语,(江苏省专用),1/74,A组自主命题江苏卷题组,1.,(江苏,32)Determining where we are,our surroundings remains an essential skill for our,survival.,A.in contrast toB.in defense of,C.in face ofD.in relation to,五年高考,答案D,句意:经过对比我们周围环境来确定我们位置依然是我们生存主要技能。本,题考查介词短语辨析。依据句意可知,应选择in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to,“和,相比”,in defense of“为,辩护”,in face of“面临”。,2.,(江苏,24)Can you tell us your,for happiness and a long life?,Living every day to the full,definitely.,A.recipe B.recordC.rangeD.receipt,答案A,句意:你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿诀窍吗?确切地说,就是充实地度过每,一天。考查名词辨析。recipe秘诀,诀窍;record统计;range范围;receipt收据。,2/74,3.,(江苏,32)Some schools will have to make,in agreement with the national soccer re-,form.,A.judgmentsB.adjustments,C.commentsD.achievements,答案,B句意:有些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。本题考查名词,词义辨析。adjustment调整;judgment评判;comment评论;achievement成就。依据句意可知选B,项。足球改革是一个热门话题,本题语境富有时代气息。备选项都为考生所熟悉词汇,意义区,分也非常显著,考生依据语境不难选出正确答案。,4.,(江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.,I,d like to,but I,m afraid she won,t be happy with my,.,A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets,答案,C句意:Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。我倒是想去,不过恐怕她对我道歉并不会,感到开心。本题考查名词词义辨析。request要求;excuse借口;apology道歉;regret后悔,遗憾。,依据句意可知选C项。本题语境富有生活气息,为考生熟悉场景,侧重考查考生对语境了解,上句中say sorry是解答本题关键。,3/74,5.,(江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around,Thomas Edi-,son.,A.thanks toB.regardless of,C.aside fromD.but for,答案,D句意:要不是Thomas Edison,许多现在让我们获益东西都不会存在。本题结合虚拟,语气考查介词短语辨析。would not be around为虚拟语气。thanks to多亏;regardless of不论,不,顾;aside from除,以外but for要不是,惯用于虚拟语气。依据句意和该句中虚拟语气可知,选D项。本题四个备选项意义区分较大,考生在解题时既能够依据句意来进行判断,注意否定词,not,也能够依据虚拟进行判断,注意would,因为四个备选项中只有but for与虚拟语气相关,相当于,if it had not been for Thomas Edison,表示与过去事实相反。,4/74,6.,(江苏,27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful,in last,year,s election.,A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue,答案,A句意:两年前她被软禁,不过在去年选举中她依然是一位影响力强大代表人物。,本题考查名词词义辨析。symbol(某一特征或思想)代表,代表性人物;portrait肖像;identity身,份;statue雕像。依据句意symbol符合题意,故选A项。symbol常表示符号、象征、标志,此处引,申为代表性人物。解题时需要考生有较强语言迁移能力和活用语言能力。词汇深层,次含义或引申含义往往是从该词最基本含义中引申出来,所以考生应牢靠掌握词汇基本,词义,并结合语境进行甄别。,5/74,7.,(江苏,24)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay,.,A.in placeB.in order,C.in shapeD.in fashion,答案,C句意:汤姆总是在清晨慢跑,也经常做些俯卧撑来保持健康。本题考查介词短语辨,析。in place在正确位置;in order妥当,适宜;in shape健康情况良好;in fashion流行。stay in,shape保持健康,符合题意,故选C项。学生判断介词短语含义时候,普通能够以短语中名词,含义为依据。因为shape经常表示形状、体型,与健康有一定关系,stay in shape表示保持健康。,8.,(江苏,34)Good families are much to all their members,but,to none.,A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing,答案,C句意:好家庭对每个家庭组员意味着很多,但不是全部。本题考查不定代词。,something某事,某物;anything任何东西,任何事物;everything全部事物,一切,每件事;nothing没有,什么,没有一件东西。everything to none意为:对任何人都不意味着一切,符合题意,故选C项。本,题充分表示了中英文表示习惯不一样。实际上本题存在否定转移问题,everything to none在,意义上相当于not everything to anyone。,6/74,9.,(江苏,33)With inspiration from other food cultures,American food culture can take a,for the better.,A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead,答案,C句意:受其它饮食文化启发,美国饮食文化有可能向更加好方向转变。本题考查,名词词义辨析。share份额,股份;chance机会,可能;turn 改变,转变;lead榜样,领先地位。take a turn,转变,符合题意,故选C项。四个备选项均为常见词汇,基本含义明晰。此处turn作为名词,表示转,变。对考生词汇活用能力有较高要求。,10.,(江苏,26)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.,the party on July,1st,I shall be pleased to attend.,A.On account ofB.In response to,C.In view of D.With regard to,答案,D句意:我总是很高兴收到你邮件,关于7月1日聚会,我将愿意参加。本题考查介词,短语辨析。on account of因为,因为;in response to对,作出回应;in view of 因为,考虑到;with,regard to关于。依据句意with regard to 符合题意,故选D项。介词短语一直是江苏高考热点。,英语中这类短语尽管使用方法简单,不过数量庞大,考生平时注意积累,掌握最基本含义。解题时,则需要充分了解语境,作出判断。,7/74,B组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组,考点一名词,1.,(天津,10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight,of rain later tonight.,A.effectB.senseC.changeD.chance,答案,D句意:天气预报说今夜晚些时候天气将转阴,降雨可能性不大。本题考查名词词义,辨析。chance机会,可能性;effect效果;sense意识;change改变。此处chance与possibility意思相近,表示可能性,故选D项。,2.,(浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your,.,A.conditionB.incomeC.creditD.status,答案,C句意:按时交电费很主要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你信誉。本题考查名词词义,辨析。credit信用,信誉;condition条件,情况;income收入;status地位,身份。依据常识可知,晚交电,费会影响信誉,而不会影响你情况、收入或地位,故选C项。,8/74,3.,(浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce,is to talk about feelings with some-,one you trust.,A.productionB.stressC.energyD.power,答案,B句意:减轻压力最有效方法之一就是与你信任人谈谈感受。本题考查名词词义,辨析。production产量,生产;stress压力;energy能源,精力;power力量,权力。依据句意,压力才需,要降低,故选B项。,4.,(安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some,and then let me,know.,A.thoughtB.supportC.protectionD.authority,答案,A句意:现在没有必要告诉我你,答案,认真考虑一下然后再让我知道。本题考查名词,词义辨析。thought思索;support支持;protection保护;authority权威。give sth.thought 认真考虑某,事,符合题意,故选A项。,9/74,5.,(福建,24)The failure was a big,to him,but he wasn,t discouraged and soon got as en-,thusiastic as ever.,A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor,答案,A句意:这次失败对他来说是个很大打击,但他并未气馁,很快他就又像以前一样充满,了热情。本题考查名词词义辨析。blow打击;issue问题;excuse借口;factor原因。失败给人打击,blow符合题意,故选A项。,6.,(湖北,21)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his,and had a bad fall.,A.balanceB.chanceC.memoryD.place,答案,A句意:这个男孩在追他哥哥时候失去了平衡,重重地跌了一跤。本题考查名词词义,辨析。balance平衡;chance机会,机遇;memory记忆;place地点,位置。lose balance失去平衡,符合,语境。故选A项。,10/74,7.,(浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to the,of someone we know and like.,A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises,答案,B句意:我们大多数情况下更愿意答应我们所认识并喜欢人请求。本题考查名词,词义辨析。attempt尝试;request要求;doubt怀疑;promise承诺。依据句意可知选B项。,8.,(福建,26)Could you tell me the,of making such tasty cakes?,Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.,A.featureB.planC.costD.trick,答案,D句意:你能告诉我做这么好吃蛋糕诀窍吗?哦,我只不过是按照烹饪书,里说明做。本题考查名词词义辨析。feature特征;plan 计划;cost费用;trick诀窍。依据句意,选D项。,11/74,9.,(湖北,22)Carbon dioxide,which makes a,between us and the sun,prevents heat from,getting out of the atmosphere easily,so the earth is becoming warmer.,A.difference B.comparison C.connection D.barrier,答案,D句意:二氧化碳,在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障,阻止热量轻易地从大气层散发出,去,所以地球正变得更暖和。本题考查名词词义辨析。difference区分;comparison比较;connec-,tion联络,连接;barrier障碍,符合句意。故选D项。,10.,(天津,7)While she was in Paris,she developed a,for fine art.,A.wayB.relationC.tasteD.habit,答案,C句意:在巴黎期间,她开始喜欢美术。本题考查名词词义辨析。way方式,方法;relation,关系;habit习惯;taste兴趣,癖好,develop a taste for=start to like,符合题意,故选C项。,12/74,11.,(辽宁,23)The accident caused some,to my car,but it,s nothing serious.,A.harmB.injuryC.ruinD.damage,答案,D句意:那场事故给我车造成了一些损坏,但问题不严重。本题考查名词词义辨析。,harm伤害,损害,惯用于do harm to短语;injury伤害,惯用于对人身体伤害;ruin毁灭,废墟;damage,损坏,cause some damage to对,造成一些损坏,符合题意,故选D项。,考点二介词,1.,(天津,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be,trees,that are over 1,000 years old.,A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below,答案,A句意:当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚州红杉林时,你会置身于树龄超出1,000年树木当,中。本题考查介词辨析。依据句意可知,你置身于大量树木当中,应用among“在,之中”,表示。against“反对”,behind“在,后面”,below“在,下面”。,13/74,2.,(北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living,fishing industry.,A.atB.inC.onD.by,答案,B句意:很多居住在沿海人都从事打鱼业谋生。本题考查介词。依据句意,in在此处,表示“从事或影响某种工作”,符合语义,故选择B项。,3.,(浙江,7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up,influence the basic processes,by which we see the world around us.,A.onB.inC.atD.about,答案,B句意:这项研究表明我们成长文化影响我们对待周围世界基本过程。本题考查,介词。句中that引导是宾语从句,we grow up,为省略了关系代词that/which定语从句,依据其先行词the cultures可知此处应用in。in the cultures为一个抽象地点状语,还可把介词in,提前,组成in which=where引导定语从句。故选B项。,14/74,4.,(天津,2)The dictionary is,:many words have been added to the language since it was,published.,A.out of controlB.out of date,C.out of sightD.out of reach,答案,B句意:这本词典过时了自从它出版以来,这种语言已经添加了许多单词。考查介词短,语辨析。out of control失控;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着;out of date过时,依据后文内容,可知又增加了新单词,所以原来版本过时了,故选B项。,5.,(浙江,10)Most people work because it,s unavoidable.,there are some people who ac-,tually enjoy work.,A.As a resultB.In addition,C.By contrastD.In conclusion,答案,C句意:大多数人工作是因为那是不可防止,相比之下,还有一些人是真喜欢工作。,本题考查介词短语辨析。as a result结果;in addition另外,而且;by contrast相比之下,对比而言;in,conclusion总之。依据句意选C项。,15/74,6.,(安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments,that will bring a lot of,changes for the better.,A.out of dateB.out of order,C.around the clockD.around the corner,答案D句意:他们相信交通发展就要到来了,这将会带来很多更加好改变。本题考查介词,短语辨析。out of date过时;out of order杂乱无章;around the clock夜以继日;around the corner就要,到来,符合题意,故选D项。,7.,(福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is,to live,nature.,A.in view ofB.in need of,C.in touch withD.in harmony with答案,D句意:人类生活被认为是大自然一部分,严格说来,我们生存唯一方式是与大自然,友好相处。本题考查介词短语辨析。in view of鉴于,考虑到;in need of需要;in touch with和,取得联络;in harmony with与,协调,符合题意,故选D项。,16/74,8.,(湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you,that if you,smoked here you would be fined.,A.in advanceB.in detail,C.in totalD.in general,答案,A句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你假如在这儿吸烟话你会被罚款。,本题考查介词短语辨析。in advance提前,事先;in detail详细地;in total总共;in general总体上。根,据语境选A项。,9.,(福建,22)A common memory they all have,their schooldays is the school uniform.,A.of B.on C.toD.with,答案,A句意:他们对于他们学生时代共同记忆是校服。本题考查介词。句中they all have,为定语从句,修饰先行词memory,而of短语也是作定语修饰memory;on在,上,关于;to到,向;,with用,和。依据句意选A项。,17/74,10.,(重庆,10)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68,the average.,A.belowB.onC.atD.above,答案,D句意:去年是有统计以来最温暖一年,全球气温超出了平均气温0.68摄氏度。本题,考查介词。依据语境可知,此处应表示“在,之上,高于”,故选D项。,11.,(浙江,17)People won,t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own,crying,expression.,A.fromB.overC.withD.for,答案,D句意:当人们仍有很多自己观点急于想要表示时候,他们是不会注意你。本题,考查介词。cry for急于想要。依据句意选D。,12.,(重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went,the road.,A.onB.alongC.fromD.off,答案,D句意:她在转弯处开得如此之快,以至于车差点偏离车道。本题考查介词。on 在,上;along 沿着;from 从;off 离开,偏离。依据句意选D项。,18/74,13.,(江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life,his great wealth.,A.withoutB.despite,C.inD.to,答案,B句意:令人难以置信是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生依然过着简单生活。本题考查介,词。without 没有;despite 尽管;in 在,里面;to 向,到,往。依据句意可知,此处表示转折,故选B,项。,14.,(浙江,18)There,s no reason to be disappointed.,this could be rather amusing.,A.Above allB.As a result,C.In additionD.As a matter of fact,答案,D句意:没有理由失望。实际上,这件事非常有趣。本题考查介词短语辨析。above all,最主要是;as a result结果;in addition另外,均不符合句意。as a matter of fact=in fact实际上,符,合题意,故选D项。,19/74,15.,(福建,22)Our club is open to everyone,age,sex or educational background.,A.due toB.except for,C.along withD.regardless of,答案,D句意:我们俱乐部对全部些人开放,不分年纪、性别和教育背景。本题考查介词短语,辨析。due to因为;except for除了,以外;along with和,一起;regardless of不论,不顾。依据,句意选D项。,16.,(江西,25)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.,it could just put you in debt.,A.In other wordsB.All in all,C.As a resultD.On the other hand,答案,D句意:创建自己企业可能是你取得经济独立一个路径。另首先,它也可能会让,你负债累累。本题考查介词短语辨析。in other words 换句话说;all in all 总之;as a result 结果;,on the other hand另首先。依据句意选D项。,20/74,17.,(福建,29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always,whenever she tries to.,A.in the wayB.on watchC.in sightD.on the line,答案,A句意:史密斯太太以为极难把搞乱东西收拾好,因为不论她什么时候试图整理,她,孩子们总是碍手碍脚。本题考查介词短语辨析。in the way挡道,妨碍;on watch值班,守夜;in,sight看得见;on the line冒风险。依据句意选A项。,18.,(课标,34)It was a real race,time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.,A.overB.byC.forD.against,答案,D句意:完成这项工程真是在与时间赛跑。幸运是,我们成功了。本题考查介词。,over在,上面;by被,由,经由;for支持,赞成;against反对,违反,符合题意,故选D项。,21/74,考点三代词,1.,(浙江,3)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from,in the,UK.,A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it,答案,A句意:在许多方面,美国教育制度与英国教育制度没有很大差异。本题考查代,词。that可替换特指单数可数名词或不可数名词,此处指代the education system;this指代下文,中要提到内容;one替换泛指可数名词单数;it替换同类同物。故选A项。,2.,(福建,21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but,contained,any useful suggestions.,A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither,答案,D 句意:这个研究小组依据那项调查作出了两个汇报,但没有一个包含任何有用建,议。本题考查代词。all三者或三者以上都;none三者或三者以上都不;either二者中任何一个;,neither二者都不,依据题干中two reports及but可知neither符合题意,故选D项。,22/74,3四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but,is useful to my knowledge.,A.nothingB.no oneC.neitherD.none,答案,D句意:Niki总是会有很多想法,不过据我所知没有一个是有用。本题考查代词。,nothing没有什么,表示泛指;no one没有一个人;neither二者都不;none没有一个,此处none相当于,no idea,故选D项。,4.,(陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against,.,A.anotherB.the otherC.otherD.either,答案,B句意:为了使自己暖和,那个水手坐在火前面光着(两只)脚相互摩擦。本题考查代,词。another三者以上另一个;other不能单独使用,可与定冠词连用或后接名词;either二者中,一个;the other二者中另一个,故选B项。,23/74,5.,(浙江,12)How would you like,if you were watching your favorite TV program and,someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?,A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it,答案,D句意:假如你正在看你最喜欢电视节目,而有些人进入房间没有问你就把电视关上,你,以为怎样?本题考查代词。it在句中作形式宾语,指代后面句子内容。故选D项。,6.,(浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making,the driest year since,California became a state in 1850.,A.eachB.itC.thisD.one,答案,B句意:去年加利福尼亚平均降水量只有18.75厘米,使得这一年成为加利福尼亚自18,50年建州以来最干旱一年。本题考查代词。此处it指last year。故选B项。,7.,(纲领全国,25)Who,s that at the door?,is the milkman.,A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That,答案,B句意:门口那个人是谁?是送牛奶人。本题考查代词。用于指某人时常,用it。故选B项。,24/74,8.,(福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks.,A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all,答案,B句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。本题考查,不定代词。此处others=other countries。others常和some连用,表示“一些,另一些,”,故,选B项。,9.,(安徽,24)You can ask anyone for help.,here is willing to lend you a hand.,A.OneB.No oneC.EveryoneD.Someone,答案,C句意:你能够找任何人帮忙。这儿每一个人都愿意帮助你。本题考查不定代词。,one泛指一个人;no one没有些人;everyone每一个人;someone某一个人。依据句意可知选C10.,(课标,14)It,s an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holi-,day but we can,t do,.,A.othersB.eitherC.anotherD.both,答案,D句意:这是二者择其一局面我们要么今年买辆新车,要么去度假,不过不能二者,兼顾。本题考查不定代词。both用于否定句表示部分否定,意为“不是二者都”;others另一些;,either(二者中)任何一个;another又一,再一。依据句意选D项。,25/74,11.,(天津,12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to,described in this maga-,zine.,A.themB.theseC.thoseD.ones,答案,C句意:在我们工厂有几台机器和这本杂志里描述那些机器相同。本题考查代词。,首先可将题干改为:At our factory there are a few machines similar to,the machines,described in this,magazine.然后考虑用those替换特指复数名词(the machines),以防止重复。故选C项。,12.,(重庆,31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is,.,A.anotherB.the other,C.one anotherD.one,答案,A句意:(废品)回收是保护环境一个方式,而循环利用是保护环境另外一个方式。,本题考查不定代词。another再一,又一;the other二者中另外一个;one another彼此,相互。保护,环境方法不止两个,故选A项。,26/74,C组教师专用题组,考点一名词,1.,(湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his,when he went to carry out the secret,task.,A.emotionB.talentC.identityD.treasure,答案,C句意:在去执行秘密任务时候,为隐藏自己身份,他给自己取了一个新名字。本题,考查名词词义辨析。emotion情感;talent天赋;identity身份;treasure珍宝,宝物。依据语境可知答,案为C项。,2.,(天津,3)Wind is now the world,s fastest growing,of power.,A.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root,答案,A句意:风能是如今世界上增加最快能量起源。本题考查名词词义辨析。A:起源,根源;B:感官,感觉;C:结果;D:根部。依据句意可知,本题答案为A。,27/74,3.,(湖北,22)When Richard said,“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”Joan,s face,turned red at the unexpected,.,A.contributionB.complimentC.comparisonD.command,答案,B句意:当Richard说“你现在更讨人喜欢,更漂亮了”时候,因为这意想不到称赞,Joan脸变红了。本题考查名词词义辨析。contribution贡献;compliment称赞,恭维;comparison,比较,对比;command命令,要求。B项符合句意。,4.,(安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don,t have enough money for a new,one?,That,s a good,.,A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account,答案,C句意:假如你没有足够钱买辆新车话,为何不先买辆二手车呢?这个,提议不错。本题考查名词词义辨析。saying格言,谚语;question问题;suggestion提议;account账,户,统计,依据句意故选C。,28/74,5.,(湖北,21)Her,for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.,A.talentB.motivation,C.qualificationD.technique,答案,B句意:她写作动机是渴望为妇女争取接收高等教育权利。本题考查名词词义辨,析。talent天赋;motivation动机;qualification资格,限定条件;technique技术,技巧。B项符合句意。,6.,(浙江,4)As the world,s population continues to grow,