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1、Cｈaptｅｒ 1 1. Defｉne bｕｓiｎess and ｐrｏfｉts Ｂusiness-----Ａｎ ｏｒgａnｉｚatｉoｎ tｈａt providｅs goods or seｒviｃes to eａrｎ profｉts Profｉts： The positive differｅnce bｅtｗeeｎ a business’ｓ reｖenｕes ａnd ｉts ｅｘpenses Ü rｅwarｄs fｏr bｕsineｓsｐeｏplｅ ｗho takｅ tｈe risks ２、 Ｄisｔinguish bｅtwｅｅｎ businesｓ ａnｄ not－for－pr
2、ｏfit oｒganizatiｏnｓ • Ｂusinesｓ consｉｓtｓ of all profit－seｅｋing activities and enｔｅｒpｒiｓｅs ｔhａt ｐｒoｖｉde goｏds and sｅｒviｃes necｅｓsary tｏ aｎ eｃonomｉc sｙsｔem、 [＇ｅｎｔəprａɪｚ］ 事业,项目 Not-for-profｉt orｇaｎizａtiｏns are ｂｕｓiｎess likｅ establishments (机构;团体;企业） that havｅ pｒiｍａｒy ｏｂjectiｖes oｔher than ｒeturｎｉng
3、 proｆｉts ｔｏ thｅir ｏwners、 It operates in botｈ pｕｂlic service and ｐrivatｅ seｃtｏr (部门，行业,领域）、 3、 Ｉdｅnｔｉfy tｈe fａcｔoｒs of pｒｏｄｕctioｎ、 Ｌabor, capｉｔaｌ， eｎtreprｅnｅuｒｓ （［ˌɒntrəprə'nɜ：(r)] 企业家)， physicａl ｒesouｒces, infｏｒｍation resｏｕrces、 ４、 Gloｂaｌ ｅconomic systems Pｌannｅd ecｏnomy, mａｒｋeｔ eｃonomy ａnd
4、 mixed economies • Pｌanｎed Ecoｎomy: Ø An ecoｎomic sｙsｔem in wｈｉch the ｇｏverｎｍｅnt ｏwns ａnd operaｔes ａll ｓources ｏｆ production • Mａｒｋet Ecoｎoｍｙ： Ø An ecｏnomiｃ ｓystｅm in ｗhich ｂuyers ａnd sellers intｅrａcｔ ([ˌɪntər'æｋt］ 相互作用; 互相影响） ｂａsed on ｆreedom of choice Mixeｄ Econｏmies: Plaｎｎｅｄ ａnd Ｍａrｋet
5、 • Ｔhe econｏｍies ｏｆ mｏst ｃｏuｎtries iｎclｕde boｔh planｎed and markeｔ ｅｌeｍents、 5. Ｅxpｌａin the fａctors thaｔ dｒive demａｎd and supplｙ、 (1）Factoｒｓ Dｒivｉｎg Dｅmaｎd １） Prｉｃe 2) Ｃustomer preｆerencｅs anｄ ine 3)Ｐrｉｃｅs of ｓｕbstituｔe (［'ｓʌbｓtɪtju:ｔ］ 替代得） ａnd plementary ([ˌkɒmplɪˈｍｅntrｉ］ 互补得）ｉtems
6、 ４) Number of buｙｅrs ｉｎ the market 5) Ｃoｎsｕmerｓ’ ｏｐtimism aｂｏuｔ ｔｈe fuｔuｒｅ、 (2）Ｆａctors Dｒivinｇ Ｓupply • fａctoｒs of produｃtｉon (Ｃeｎｔrａl roｌe ｉn detｅｒmｉnｉng the oｖerａll sｕpplｙ ｏｆ ｇoods anｄ ｓeｒｖｉｃes ｉs playeｄ by fａctｏｒｓ ｏf ｐroｄｕction、） • Otheｒ faｃtors ｌikｅ tａｘes and ｔhe nｕmbｅr oｆ sｕppｌiｅrｓ
7、 will alsｏ inflｕｅｎce the supｐly、 6. Ｄescribe eaｃｈ of ｔhe ｆour differeｎt ｔｙｐes of ｍarket strｕｃtuｒes ｉn a private enterprise ｓystem、 Perfeｃt petｉtioｎ,monｏpolｉstic [məˌｎɔpəˈlistｉk］ petition(垄断性竞争),oｌｉgopoly( [ˌɒｌɪ'gɒｐəlɪ] 寡头, 求过于供得市场情况) and monoｐoｌy ( [mə＇nɒpəlɪ] 垄断) Peｒfecｔ petitiｏn existｓ when all
8、 firｍs in an ｉｎｄｕｓtry ａre sｍaｌl and ｔｈe nｕmbｅｒ of ｆirms ｉs ｌarge、 Pricｅｓ are dｅtermiｎeｄ by ｍaｒket forces as suｐｐlｙ aｎd ｄemaｎｄ、 Iｎ mｏnopolｉstic petition， many seｌlers tｒy tｏ make ｔｈeir prｏducts ａｔ leａsｅ seem ｔo ｂe dｉffereｎｔ frｏｍ tｈosｅ of ｐｅｔｉｔors、 Product diｆfeｒｅntｉａtion gｉves ｓellerｓ some cｏntroｌ ｏ
9、ｖer pｒices、 Wheｎ an industry has onｌy a handfｕｌ ｏf sｅｌlers, an oｌigopoly existｓ、 Ｔhe enｔrｙ oｆ ｎew pｅｔｉtｏｒｓ is hａrｄ、 And the prices oｆ paｒaｂｌｅ pｒoｄucｔs ａre usｕally similar、 Ａ monopoly exｉｓｔs ｗhen ａn indusｔry ｏｒ markｅt hａs ｏnｌy ｏnｅ ｐｒｏdｕｃer、 A sｏle ｓupplｉｅr enjoys nｅarly plete cｏntroｌ oveｒ ｔhe pricｅ
10、s ｏf ｉts proｄｕcts、 Cｈaracｔｅristiｃ Pｅrfect peｔition Mｏnｏpｏlistｉc pｅｔitiｏｎ Oｌigopoly Mｏｎopolｙ Eｘamplｅ Locａｌ farmer Sｔａtioneｒy sｔore Sｔｅeｌ indｕｓtrｙ Ｐublｉc ｕtilitｙ Ｎｕmｂer ｏｆ petiｔors Maｎｙ Many， buｔ fewer than in perfect pｅtition few noｎe Eａse of entrｙ into the industｒy Relativeｌy easｙ
11、Ｆａirly easy diffiｃｕlt Reｇulated ｂy governmeｎt Siｍiｌaｒｉty of ｇｏodｓ/servicｅs offｅreｄ bｙ peｔinｇ fiｒms Identicａl Simｉlaｒ Can ｂe simiｌar or dｉffｅrent Nｏ dｉrｅcｔlｙ peｔing goods or sｅｒvｉcｅｓ Lｅvel oｆ cｏｎtｒol ovｅｒ price bｙ individuaｌ firms None Ｓoｍｅ Soｍe Cｏnsiderａblｅ 7. Idｅntｉfy ａｎd describe ｔhe
12、fｏur stages of the busiｎｅｓs cycle、 Prｏspｅrｉｔy， 繁荣； ｒeｃesｓioｎ 衰退; deprｅsｓion 萧条; recｏvｅry 复苏 [ｐｒɒ＇spｅrətɪ] ［rɪˈｓｅʃｎ] [ｄɪ'pｒeʃn］ 8. Explａiｎ hｏw ｐroducｔivｉty, price-leveｌ changes, aｎd ｅｍｐloｙｍent leｖels affect ｔhｅ stabilｉty ｏf a nａtioｎ’s economy、 9. Discuss how mｏnetar
13、y polｉｃy and fｉscａl ｐｏlicy are used tｏ manaｇｅ ａn eｃonｏmy’s ｐerｆｏrｍaｎｃe、 Monetary Pｏｌicy 货币政策 ｇoveｒnment actions ｔo ｉｎｃｒease ｏｒ ｄecrｅase the ｍoney sｕpply and chanｇe banｋｉng requireｍenｔs and interesｔ ｒａteｓ to inｆlｕeｎce bａnker’ｓ willｉnｇnesｓ ｔｏ make loans、 Ｆiscal Policy 财政政策 Goｖｅｒｎmenｔ infｌuｅnｃes
14、ecｏnomy bｙ spenｄｉng and tａｘatｉon ｄecisｉons、 Goverｎmeｎt uｓes fiｓcａl pｏliｃｙ to cｏｎtroｌ inflaｔioｎs （[ɪn'fleɪʃn] 通货膨胀), ｒｅduｃe ｕneｍplｏyment, impｒove the ｇｅnｅraｌ welｆare of cｉtizens, anｄ encｏｕｒage ecoｎｏｍic growtｈ、 Chapteｒ 2 1、 Exｐlａin the coｎｃｅｐtｓ of bｕｓｉnｅss ｅtｈicｓ and social responsiｂility、 Buｓines
15、s eｔhics aｒe standards of bｕｓｉneｓｓ ｃonduct anｄ moral values ｂy eｍployeｅｓ on ｔｈe joｂ Soｃial resｐonsibiｌｉty rｅfers to thｅ overaｌｌ way ｉn whｉcｈ ａ busineｓs aｔteｍpｔｓ to ｂaｌaｎce ｉts mｉtmenｔs to releｖanｔ grｏｕｐs and ｉnｄｉviduａｌs in its sｏｃｉal ｅnviｒonｍents、 2. Deｓcriｂe the fａctoｒs ｔhat inｆluenｃe ｂｕsinesｓ ｅ
16、ｔhics, aｔ inｄｉｖidual, oｒganizａｔional, leｇal, societal levｅls Iｎｄｉvｉdual: valｕes, wｏrｋ ｂaｃkground, famｉｌy staｔus, persoｎａlitｙ Organｉｚatioｎａl： Top Level Ｍgmt、 Pｈilosoｐhｙ， ｔｈe Fｉrm’s Ｒewarｄ Ｓyｓtem， Jｏｂ Ｄimensionｓ Envirｏnmental： ｐetｉtiｏn, ecoｎomic cｏｎditionｓ, soｃｉaｌ/culｔural iｎstitutions 3、 Lisｔ tｈe
17、 stageｓ iｎ ｔｈe devｅloｐmｅnt of ｅtｈical ｓｔandards、 Ｓtage 1: Pｒeconvｅntionaｌ Individual iｓ maｉnｌy lookinｇ ouｔ fｏr ｈis oｒ her interest、 Rulｅｓ arｅ foｌｌowed only out of fｅar of ｐｕnishmenｔ or ｈｏpe of rｅwaｒd、 Ｓtagｅ 2： Conveｎtｉonaｌ Indｉviｄual conｓiders tｈｅ ｉnｔeｒｅstｓ and eｘpectaｔｉoｎs ｏf
18、 othｅrs in mａkｉng ｄecｉｓionｓ、 Ruleｓ are rｕles arｅ foｌlｏｗｅd because iｔ ｉs a part of belong to the ｇroｕps、 Sｔａｇe 3： postcoｎventional Ｉndividual folloｗs peｒsonaｌ priｎｃｉples for rｅｓｏlviｎg ethicaｌ dilemmaｓ、 He or shｅ cｏnsiders perｓonal, group anｄ ｓoｃial interests、 4. Ｉｄentify ｍoｎ ethical dilemmas
19、ｉｎ thｅ woｒkpｌａce、 Ｃonfｌict of interｅst， honeｓtｙ ａnｄ inｔegriｔy(正直)， ｌoyalty ＶS trｕth, whistlｅ-ｂlowing(揭发)、 5. Dｉscusｓ hoｗ ｏrｇanｉｚations shaｐe ethicaｌ beｈavior、 6. Sｕmmaｒize tｈｅ reｓpｏnsｉｂilｉtｉes of buｓiness tｏ ｔhｅ ｇｅｎeraｌ ｐuｂlic, ｃｕstｏmerｓ, eｍpｌｏyeｅｓ and ｉnvｅstors、 Responｓibｉｌｉtiｅｓ to tｈe Ｇeneｒal
20、Public a) Pubｌｉc Heａlth Issｕes b) Ｐrｏtectiｎg thｅ Enｖironmｅnｔ Green wａｓhinｇ： Uｓing ａdvｅｒｔiｓｉng to project ａ greeｎ imａgｅ wｉthoｕt ｓuｂstaｎtialｌy ａlｔerinｇ processes oｒ prｏducts Ｒecycling—reprocesｓing oｆ used mａteriaｌｓ for ｒeｕse c) Ｄevelopｉnｇ tｈe Qualｉtｙ ｏf the Workｆorce d) Ｃｏｒpoｒate Phi
21、ｌaｎthrｏpy ([fɪ＇lænθｒəpɪ] 慈善事业) Responｓibiｌity Towａrｄ Ｃｕstomers Ｃoｎsｕｍer Rｉghｔs, Ｕｎfaｉr Pricing, Etｈiｃｓ iｎ Adveｒtiｓinｇ Rｅｓpoｎsｉｂiｌiｔy Ｔoward Emｐｌｏｙｅeｓ Ｗorkplace Safety; Ｑuａｌity of Life Iｓsuｅs……、 Resｐoｎｓibiｌity Toｗaｒd Inｖｅｓtoｒs Imｐｒoper fｉnanｃial maｎａgemenｔ； Check kitｉnｇ空头； Ｉnsiｄer tradiｎg ;
22、Misreprｅｓentatｉon of ｆiｎaｎceｓ 7. Ｅｘｐlain diｆｆerenｔ stａncｅs in ＣSR Defensive Stance 防卫立场 Obstructionist Stance 阻碍立场 Acmodative Stance 接纳立场 Proactive Stance 积极立场 Lowest Highest Actively Avoids Responsibility Does Legal Minimum Responds to Requests Actively Seeks Opportunities to Co
23、ntribute Chaｐｔer 3 1. Identｉｆy thｅ iｎduｓtｒｉes in which ｍost sｍａｌl firｍs aｒｅ establｉshed Sｅｒvｉces服务业， reｔaｉlinｇ零售业, coｎstｒｕctiｏn建筑业, wholesaliｎg批发, finａnce and ｉnsuranｃe金融保险， maｎufacturｉng制造业,ｔrａｎｓportation运输、 2、 pare tｈｅ aｄｖaｎｔages aｎd disadｖantａｇｅs ｏf small buｓinｅｓses、 Smalｌ fｉrms caｎ ｏfteｎ
24、opｅｒａte wｉth greaｔeｒ ｆleｘibiｌity tｈａn ｌarger corpoｒations cａn aｃhieｖe、 This ｆlｅxibiｌity aｌlｏws smaｌl busiｎess to ｄｅvelop innovative prｏｄuｃtｓ, lower cｏsts， proｖide supｅｒior customer seｒvｉcｅ， and fill isｏlated nｉｃhｅs、 ［'aɪsəleɪtɪd] 偏远得 [nɪtʃｉz] 商机 Howeveｒ， small busiｎesｓ also mｕst ｏpeｒate with feｗer
25、ｒesources ｔｈａn larｇｅ corｐｏｒａtions caｎ ａpply、 Aｓ a rｅsuｌt， thｅy must ｓuｆｆer ｆroｍ fiｎａncｉａl liｍｉｔations ａnd mａnagemenｔ shortings、 Ｔaxes aｎd govｅrnmeｎt regulａtion can ａlso imposｅ exｃessive burｄens ｏn sｍall ｂuｓiness、 3、 Expｌain how ｆｒanｃｈiｓｉng can pｒovide oppoｒtunitｉes for both franchisｏｒｓ ａnd franｃhiｓ
26、ｅes(被特许人)、 Franchisees ｂeｎeｆit fｒom ｔhe pareｎt corｐｏratioｎｓ' expｅriencｅ and expｅrtise、 The frａｎcｈｉseｒ maｙ pick ｔhe stoｒe lｏｃａtｉon, nｅgｏtiate the lｅasｅ, purcｈasｅ ｅquｉpmeｎｔ， and support fｉnancing、 Franchising ｏfｆerｓ tｈe beneｆit oｆ ｂraｎd reｃognｉtｉon, ｗhｉcｈ can make it easier to attｒact cuｓtoｍerｓ
27、 and ｒedｕce the cｏsts oｆ advertising as well ａs inｃrease tｈe lｉｋelihooｄ of sｕｃceｓs、 4. Ｄefinｅ ｔhe teｒm ｅｎtrｅｐreｎeur and distiｎguish ａmong eｎｔrepreneｕrs， small-bｕsｉnｅｓs owｎerｓ, and managｅrs、 Entreｐreｎeｕr： Bｕsｉneｓspersoｎ who aｃcepts ｔhｅ rｉｓks anｄ opportunｉtiｅs involved in cｒeatｉng, operatiｎg a
28、ｎｄ ｇrｏｗiｎg ａ ｎｅw buｓiness Smaｌl Busineｓs Ｏwner: Doｅs not havｅ planｓ for gｒowth、 5. Starting ａｎd funding ａ ｓmall buｓｉｎeｓs • Starｔing ｆrｏm Ｓｃratｃｈ [skrætʃ] 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家 Ø Ｄisaｄｖaｎｔaｇｅ: Ｈｉgheｒ ｒisk ｏf bｕsｉnｅss failuｒe Ø Adｖａnｔagｅ： Aｖoids ｐroblemｓ of an existing business • Buyｉng an Exiｓtinｇ
29、 Ｂusiｎess Ø Somｅ ｐｒｅfeｒ not ｔo ａｓsume the ｒiskｓ ｏf starｔing a new ｆｉrｍ Fｒanchiｓiｎg v Ａnotｈer ｌesｓ ｒisky wａy tｏ bｅgin a busｉness a) Ｃｆ、 equitｙ ｆiｎancｉng anｄ debt ｆｉnａncing 6. Iｄentify tｈrｅe diｆfｅｒent tyｐes ｏf entｒepreneurs、 企业家 • Ｃｌaｓsic enｔrｅpｒenｅurs—person wｈｏ ｓeｅs a ｂｕsinｅss oｐportunitｙ aｎd
30、uｓｅ reｓouｒces ｔｏ tap ｔhａt market、 • Intraｐrenｅur—pｅrsoｎ ｗho deｖelｏps iｎｎovations withｉn ａ lａrｇｅ orｇanizaｔion、 [ɪｎtræprə'ni：ɜ:] 公司内企业家， 内部创业者 • Chaｎｇe Agenｔ—ｍanaｇer who trieｓ tｏ rｅvitaｌizｅ ａｎ esｔablisheｄ ｆirｍ tｏ ｋeep ｉt petitiｖe、 [ˌrｉ:'vａɪtəlａɪｚ] vt、 使恢复元气; 使新生; 使复兴 7. Ｉdentifｙ persｏnａｌiｔy ｔrａits
31、 ｔhaｔ ｔypicaｌlｙ chａractｅｒize successfｕl ｅｎtｒeｐrenｅurs、 Sｕｃｃessfｕl entrｅpreneurs ｍaｙ ｈａｖe sｅｖeral ｔｒaｉｔｓ, inｃluｄing viｓｉon， hｉgh energy ｌeｖel， need to ａchieｖｅ, seｌf－coｎfidenｃe anｄ oｐtimｉｓm, toleｒaｎce fｏr failｕｒｅ, creativity， ｔoｌeｒaｎce for ａｍbiguity（含糊), aｎd intｅrnatiｏnal ｌｏｃuｓ of controｌ、 1) Are ｒ
32、esourceｆｕl and open-minｄed足智多谋,心胸开阔 ２） Ａrｅ coｎcerneｄ about ｇｏoｄ ｃustomer ｒeｌatiｏns良好顾客关系 3) Ｄesｉre ｔo be tｈｅｉｒ own boｓs 4) Ｃａｎ ｄeal with uncertaiｎｔy aｎｄ risｋ 5） Ｒelｙ ｏｎ netｗorkｓ, ｂusiness plａns， and consensus(共识) 8. Sumｍaｒizｅ ｔhe ｔhree baｓiｃ foｒms ｏf ｂusiness ｏwｎershiｐ anｄ the aｄｖantages and di
33、sadｖaｎtａges of eaｃh form、 １)Soｌe Prｏpｒｉｅtorsｈiｐs (所有权) 个人独资企业 Disadvantages: • Unlimited Liability(major drawback) • Limited resources • Limited fundraising capability(有限得融资能力) • Lack of continuity Ａｄvantages: • Frｅｅｄoｍ • Sｉmｐlｅ ｔo form • Low stａrt ｕｐ cｏs
34、ｔｓ • Taｘ beneｆits • Ｄｏn’ｔ hａve to ｓhａre tｈe profits 2） Ｐartｎｅｒsｈips合伙企业 Ｉｎ most cａsｅs， pａrtｎers share tｈe profｉts eｑuａlly or in propoｒtion ｔｏ theiｒ inｖesｔmeｎt、 Silent partnｅr: ｉnｖest funds bｕt pｌａy nｏ ｒole in its maｎａgeｍent Disadvantages: • Unlimited liability • Disagreements among partner
35、s • Lack of continuity • Ownership transfer Sｗeaｔ equity: invest nothiｎg but proｖiｄe all thｅ ｌａｂoｒ Advanｔages: • Moｒｅ talent and moｎeｙ（tｈe ｍｏst sｔrｉkinｇ) • Moｒｅ ｆundrａiｓｉng ｃapabiｌｉtｙ ['fʌndˌreɪzɪŋ] 筹款得 • Ｒelatiｖｅly eaｓy to fｏrｍ • Limited liaｂiｌitｙ for liｍited paｒｔners • Taｘ benefi
36、ts 3)ｃoopｅrativｅs ｂｉne the freｅｄom oｆ sole propｒieｔorshｉps ｗith thｅ finanｃial ｐoweｒ oｆ ｃorpｏrａｔioｎs Ø ｐａrａtｉｖe Summaｒｙ： Thｒeｅ Foｒｍｓ of Ｂusｉness Busiｎｅss form liabiliｔy Contiｎｕｉｔy Maｎagement Ｓources of invｅｓtmenｔ Pｒopriｅｔoｒshiｐ Personal, ｕnliｍｉｔed Ends with deａth oｒ decｉｓion of owｎer P
37、eｒｓｏnaｌ， unrestｒictｅｄ Pｅｒsｏｎal Ｇeneral ｐarｔnｅrｓhiｐ Peｒｓonal, unlimｉtｅd Enｄs with death or dｅcｉsion of any ｐaｒtneｒ Unｒestｒicted ｏr dｅpends ｏn pａrtｎership agreｅｍeｎt Personaｌ by parｔners Corporaｔiｏｎ Ｃapitａl, iｎｖesｔｅd As sｔated ｉn ｃhａrteｒ, pｅrｐｅtual or fｏr ｓpecified peｒiｏd of yeａrs Under cｏ
38、ｎtｒol of board of ｄiｒectｏｒs, which is selected by stｏckhｏｌdｅrs Puｒchase of stｏck 最大得区别:就是否具有法人资质(ｅntitｙ) Disadvantages: • Double taxation • Fluid control ['flu:ɪd]不稳定得 • plicated and expensive to form 4)Corporaｔions Aｄvａnｔageｓ: • Ｌimiｔed Liabｉlity • Ｃｏnｔinｕiｔy连贯性 • Stronger ｆundrais
39、ｉng caｐabｉｌity 9. Type of Coｒporatiｏns Tyｐe Distｉngｕishiｎg Feaｔures Clｏｓely held Stｏck heｌｄ by onｌy a few peoｐle Suｂject ｔｏ cｏrporａｔe taxaｔｉoｎ Puｂlicly held Sｔocｋ wideｌy hｅld among manｙ inｖesｔors Subject tｏ ｃorpｏrａｔe taｘａtiｏn Subchapｔeｒ S Orgａnｉzｅｄ mｕch ｌiｋｅ a cｌoseｌy ｈｅld coｒｐoｒａｔiｏn
40、 Subject to addiｔional rｅguｌaｔion Subject to partｎeｒship tａxaｔｉon Limited liａbiliｔｙ Organiｚｅd muｃh like ａ ｐubｌicly held ｃorporatiｏn Ｓubjｅcｔ to ａｄditｉonal regulaｔion Ｓｕbjeｃｔ to ｐartnersｈiｐ taxatｉｏn Profeｓsｉoｎａl Sｕｂjｅcｔ to parｔnershiｐ ｔaxation Lｉmｉtｅd ｂｕsiｎess lｉａbilitｙ Unｌｉmｉtｅd ｂｕsiｎeｓｓ
41、ｌiaｂｉlitｙ Mulｔinatioｎal Spans national bｏuｎdariｅｓ Sｕbject ｔｏ rｅｇulaｔion in mｕltiplｅ counｔrieｓ 10、Ｄescribｅ recenｔ tｒendｓ iｎ meｒｇeｒs合并and acｑuisitions收购、 Ｍeｒgｅr—uｎiｏn of ｔwo ｏr ｍoｒe firms to form a ｎew pａnｙ Ａｃｑｕiｓｉtion—ｐurchase oｆ oｎe pany by ａnother Cｈapｔer 4 1. Uｎderｓtand signiｆiｃance oｆ
42、 gｌｏｂａliｚａtion Glｏbaｌizaｔion can mａke ｕse ｏf intｅrnａtｉonａl sources of factｏrs ｏf productｉon、 Gｌｏbalizａtｉｏn ｅxｐends intｅrnatioｎal marｋｅts、 The pｏtenｔiａl foｒ hｉgher stａnｄａrds oｆ liｖｉnｇ and ｉmpｒoｖｅd bｕsinesｓ profｉtａbｉlｉtｙ、 Gｌoｂａliｚａｔｉon reduceｓ fiｒms’depeｎｄence oｎ thｅ ｅconｏmiｅs of tｈeir ｈome natiｏn
43、s 2. Diｓｃuｓs tｈe reｌａtioｎshｉp of absｏｌuｔe and ｐａrａtivｅ advaｎtａｇｅ to intｅｒnatｉonal traｄe、 (I dｏn’ｔ knoｗ、） Aｂｓｏlute Aｄvantage ｅxｉsts whｅn ａ country can produｃe ｓomething ｔhat ｉs cｈｅaper or hiｇｈer ｑualｉｔｙ than ｏthｅｒ ｃｏuntry、 parａtivｅ Ａdｖantage exisｔs ｗhｅｎ ａ cｏuntrｙ cａn prｏduce more eｆficientlｙ or be
44、ttｅｒ than ｏthｅr nations、 Ｂoth of tｈeｍ tｒａnｓlａte into petitive adｖantage、 3. Descriｂｅ how ｎatｉons measｕre iｎtｅrnａtional ｔrade and the signｉficａnｃｅ oｆ eｘchaｎge rates、 Natiｏｎs mｅaｓｕrｅ ｉｎternaｔional ｔradｅ ｂy bａlａnce ｏf tradｅ, ｂalaｎｃe of pａｙｍeｎｔs and exchａnge Ratｅs、 Ｅxchanｇe Rates Heaviｌy Impａｃt Ｇlo
45、bal Tｒade • Wｈｅn ａn ecｏnomy’s curｒenｃｙ iｓ stronｇ： Ø Domeｓtic panｉes ｆind ｉt haｒｄer to expｏrｔ pｒodｕcts Ø Foｒeign panies find it easiｅｒ ｔo expoｒｔ ｐroduｃts Ø Dｏmｅｓtｉｃ panies maｙ mｏve ｐroducｔion to cheapｅｒ sｉｔes iｎ foreigｎ cｏunｔrｉeｓ • Wheｎ aｎ ｅｃonomｙ’s curreｎcy ｉｓ ｗｅak: Ø Doｍｅstｉc ｐａniｅs ｆｉnｄ it e
46、ａｓieｒ to exｐorｔ prodｕｃts Ø Ｆoｒeｉgn pａnies find it ｈａｒdeｒ to export ｐrｏducｔs Ø Ｆoreign panies may invest iｎ productioｎ ｆacilｉtｉｅs Eurｏ mon cuｒｒency shared aｍong most of ｔhｅ members of tｈe Ｅuroｐean Union (excludiｎg Dｅnmark, Sweｄeｎ， anｄ the Ｕｎｉtｅd Kinｇdoｍ) Aｂsｏｌｕte advanｔａｇe abiｌｉty tｏ ｐrｏｄuce soｍｅ
47、tｈing ｃheaper anｄ/ｏr ｈighｅr qualｉty than any ｏther ｃoｕntrｙ pａrative advaｎtage abｉｌitｙ to produｃｅ mｏre effiｃieｎｔly oｒ better tｈan ｏtｈｅr natｉons Natioｎal peｔｉｔivｅ ａdvａｎｔaｇe iｎternationａl petitive advantage stｅmminｇ from a bｉnation ｏf ｆaｃtor ｃoｎdｉｔions， demand condiｔiｏns, relateｄ and supporting ｉndus
48、trｉeｓ, and fｉｒm stｒategｉes, strｕctures, ａnd ｒiｖａlｒies、 Facｔor conditiｏｎs: labor capｉtal entｒｅpreneurｓ physｉcal rｅsoｕrｃes and information resouｒcｅs Demand condｉtｉons : reflect ａ ｌarge domeｓtic consuｍeｒ ｂａｓe ｔhａt prｏｍｏtes stroｎg ｄeｍａnd fｏr innoｖativｅ proｄucts Reｌated and ｓupｐｏrting induｓtｒｉes : st
49、rｏng local ｏr regｉonal sｕpplｉｅrs and/or ｉnduｓｔｒｉal ｃustｏmerｓ Strategiｅs, ｓtｒuctuｒeｓ, aｎd rivalrｉes： fiｒms ａnd ｉnduｓtｒieｓ thａt stress cost reduｃtion, pｒoduct quality, hｉｇｈeｒ ｐroｄｕctivｉty, and innovative ｐｒoduｃts、 Inteｒnatiｏnaｌ bｕsinｅｓs mａｎagｅｍｅnt Ｇoinｇ inteｒnａｔioｎａｌ： gauｇｉng internａｔional ｄemand;
50、adaｐtiｎg to custoｍｅr nｅｅds； outsourｃｉnｇ ａnd off-shoriｎg Levｅl of iｎtｅrnaｔioｎal involveｍent ： expｏrtｅｒs and imｐｏrters； intｅrnatiｏｎaｌ firms; mｕltｉnatioｎal firms Ouｔｓoｕrciｎg： pｒａｃtｉcｅ oｆ payｉng ｓupplierｓ aｎｄ ｄisｔributｏｒs to pｅrfoｒm cerｔain bｕsineｓs ｐｒoｃｅssｅs ｏr to provide needed mａterｉaｌs or ｓerｖiｃes
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