牛津高中英语模块六语言点.doc

牛津高中英语模块六语言点 2012/8/14Unit 1 Laughter is good for you一、Reading1. stand up for sth: 支持，维护 We should strive to stand up for our right.2. stage: n. 舞台，阶段，时期 be on the stage: 在舞台上；当演员，登台表演go on the stage: 上舞台，当演员on stage: 在舞台上at a early stage: 在早期 One minute on the stage and ten years of practice off the stage. She wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 他从小就相当演员。 We watched them from afar, and admired them only on screen and on stage. 我们远远的注视他们，只能通过荧屏或舞台钦慕他们的风采。 The babies develop quickly at an early stage.3. variety: n. (1) 变化，多样性U a life lacking variety.(2) 种类，各种各样各种各样的 a variety of sth: varieties of sth: He left for a variety of reasons. In the green grocers there are varieties of greens. 菜市场里有各种各样的蔬菜。 The varieties of goods in this supermarket are rich.4. behave well / badly: 行为表现好坏 behave oneself: 行为表现好 He behaves badly all the time. Children, please behave yourself.5. tease sb / make fun of sb: 取笑，嘲弄 Dont take what he said seriously, she is just teasing you. 别拿他的话当真，他只是在取笑你。6. trip over sth: 被绊倒 trip sth (up): 绊倒 She tripped over a cat and fell down. He tried to trip me but in vain.7. get ones start: 挣得第一桶金 howl with laughter: 哈哈大笑 He got his start in the business and howled with laughter.8. have affection for sth: 喜爱，钟爱 He has great affection for his work.9. later on: 后来，过些时候10. such: adj. 那样的，这样的，如此的 such与数词或不定代词any，some，all，no等连用时放在它们之后；与不定冠词连用时，放在不定代词之前。例如： There is no such thing as a free lunch. You gave me such a flight.11. live: adj. & adv. 现场直播的地 a live program. The concert was broadcast live on TV. 12. well: adv. (1) 充分地，彻底地； (2) 相当地，远远地，颇，很 The pan must be dried well before you put it away. He looks well over 40. 他看上去远远地超过40岁。二、Word power有关笑的谚语1. laugh ones head off: 大笑不止2. smile on sb: 有利于，垂青，带来好运3. have the last laugh / He who laughs last laughs best: 笑到最后，笑得最好4. no laughing matter: 严肃的事，不是闹着玩的5. laughing stock: 笑柄6. laugh in ones face: 当面嘲笑某人7. be all smiles: 满脸堆笑三、Grammar1. participate in sth: 参加，参与 participation: pa:tisipein n. U参加，参与 (in) participant: pa:tisipnt n. 参加者，参与者 The whole class are participating the discussion. We want more participation in the decision-making process.2. drive sb away: 赶跑drive (sb) off: 驾车离开；赶走击退drive sth up: 迫使上涨 Your anger will drive him away. After the accident, the other car drove off. We keep dogs in the yard to drop off the intruders(非法闯入者). The oil shortage drove gas prices up by 20 cents a gallon.3. guarantee: (1) vt. 担保，保证；保修，包换guarantee sth: 保证，担保guarantee to do sth: 保证做.guarantee that: 保证.guarantee sb sth: 保证某人 guarantee your safety / your debt. 保证你的安全担保你的债务 We guarantee to deliver the package within one week. These days getting a degree(学位) will guarantee you a good job. The radio is guaranteed for a year. 收音机保修一年。 (2) n. 保修单期；保证；担保（物） there is no guarantee that: 无法保证不一定 There is no guarantee that it will be a nice weather tomorrow.4. instruct: vt. 命令，指示；传授，告知 instruction: n. 命令，指示；传授，使用说明 instructive: adj. 有教育意义的，启发性的instruct sb to do sth: 命令指示某人做instruct sb in sth: 传授某人instruct (sb) that: 告知某人 I have instructed him to keep the door locked. All our staff have been instructed in sign language. 我们所有的员工都被教授了手语。 We are instructed by our client that you owe them 300. 我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。5. take on sb / sth: 雇佣；呈现；承担 take on some staff. 雇佣一些员工 take on a puzzled look. 呈现困惑的神色 take on a challenging task. 承担挑战性的任务6. move on to (doing) sth: 开始做；换话题 Can we move on to a new topic?7. polish: n. (1)上光剂，鞋油 (2) 优雅 (3) 磨光，擦亮C You should use wax polish on wooden furniture. 你应该在木制家具上打上蜡。 Four years of college gave her considerable polish. 四年的大学给了她更多的优雅。 Give your shoes a polish. 把你的鞋子擦一下。 vt. polish sth (up) : 磨光，擦亮polish sth up: 改善提高polish sth off: 迅速做完 polish (up) the table. Will you polish up this article a bit before we send it to the printer? 在这篇文章付印以前，请把它修改一下好吗？ We can polish the job off with the help of the new computer.四、Project1. as if从句省略如果as if引导的从句和主句的主语一致，同时从句中含有be的适当形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。剩余部分为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词或不定式等。as if引导的从句是否为虚拟语气，要根据上下文判断。例如： He behaved as if (he was) a fool. The old man lay there as if (he was) dead. Ruby(鲁比) glanced about as if (she was) in search of something. John paused as if (he was ) expecting Mary to speak. They opened their eyes wide as (they were) shocked by the sudden appearance of the lost boy. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. （2003，北京春）A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 答案为D。2. (Page 14, Line 21) mind if I sit down? 这是个省略句，完整的句子为would you mind if I sit down?3. please do: 好吧，请吧。Would you mind my opening the door? _. A. Yes, open itB. No, you wouldnt C. No, go ahead D. Yes, please do (答案为C)4. make room for sth: 为腾出地方 Please put away these books and make room for the piano.5. dash: vi. 急奔，猛冲 n. 急奔，猛冲；短跑；破折号dash sth off: 匆忙完成 An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. 救护车风驰电掣地赶往事故现场。 She dashed off a letter to her mother. 她给母亲匆匆写了一封信。 He made a dash for the bus. 他猛冲过去追赶汽车。 He finished first in the 100-meter dash. 他在100米短跑中得了第一名。6. tear: (tore, torn) vt. 撕，扯把撕成碎片tear sth to pieces: tear sth apart: tear sth open: 撕拆开 The contract(合同) lay on the ground, torn to pieces. He torn the letter open and found a bill of 50 yuan.7. burst: (burst, burst) (1) vi. 猛冲；突然出现；爆裂 burst in: 突然闯入突然起来 burst into sth: burst out doing: burst into tears / burst out crying: 突然大哭起来 burst into laughter / burst out laughing: 突然大笑起来 burst into flames: 突然起火 (2) n. 突发，迸发；爆炸；裂口 a burst in the water pipe a sudden burst of danger: 怒火的迸发Unit 2 What is happiness to you一、Reading1. be surrounded by / with sth: 被包围环绕surrounding: adj. (作定语) 附近的，周围的surroundings: n. 环境，周围的事物 The house was surrounded by high walls and green trees. The surrounding area is known for its beautiful views. Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园中的动物没有自然环境。2. times: n. 时代，时期，日子 in modern times: 在现代 Times are hard for me. 我的日子很难。3. by: 到时间为止by + 现在时间, 主句用现在完成时by + 过去时间, 主句用过去完成时by + 将来时间, 主句用将来完成时 By this week, we have accomplished 2 projects. By the time he realized his view was wrong, he had nearly finished his essay. He will have been in the army for 10 years by next June.4. apart: adj. & adv. (1) (时间、空间上)相隔，相距 The two houses stand 500m apart. The birthday is only 3 days apart. (2) 分离（的）；分开（的）；破裂（的） tell sth apart: 区分开 fall apart: vi. 崩溃，瓦解，散架 live apart from sb: 与分开住 I cant tell the twins apart. When his wife left him, his world just fall apart. We are living apart from our parents.5. apart from sth: (1) (=except) 除以外 (2) (=besides) 除以外也 All the articles are good apart from this one. Apart from their houses in London, they also have a villa(别墅) in Spain.6. cost sb sth: 使某人付出 The meal cost me 10 dollars. The scandal(丑闻) cost the girl her career.7. rush sb to sth: 把急送in a rush: 匆忙地 The patient was rushed to the airport by the ambulance. Those words came out in a rush.8. spirits: n. 精神，情绪，心境in high spirits: 情绪高昂in low / poor spirits: 情绪低落 The achievements put us in high spirits.9. appreciation: n. U (1) 感激 (2) 欣赏；鉴定 (3) 理解 in appreciation of sth: 以感激 He showed his appreciation for our work. Please accept this gift in appreciation of your help. She showed little appreciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音乐的好处。10. cry over / about sth: 因为哭泣 cry over spilt milk: 作于事无补的担忧。 As the saying goes, “Its no use crying over spilt milk”. Its stupid to cry over something unimportant.11. adapt: v. 适应；改编 adaptation: ,dpten n. 适应，改编（本）adapt to sth: 适应adapt oneself to sth: 使某人（自己）适应 adapt a script. 改编剧本 Our eyes soon adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。 She adapted herself to the climate.12. go after sth: 追赶；追求，谋求 He went after the burglars. 他追赶那些盗贼。 He goes after every woman he meets. We are both going after the same job. 我们俩都谋求得到这份工作。13. heart and soul: adv. 全心全意地 We must serve the people heart and soul.14. advocate: vt. 主张，提倡；拥护 advocate (doing) sth: advocate that: Do you advocate banning cars in the city center? I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策。 The report advocated that we should try our best to protect the environment.二、Grammar1. accompany: vt. (1) 陪伴，陪同 (2) 为伴奏 accompaniment: kmpnimnt n. (1) 伴奏 (2) 伴随物，配料 accompanist: kmpnist n. 伴奏者 accompany sb / keep sb company: 陪伴to the accompaniment of sb: 在伴奏下 Accompanied by his mother, the boy visited many places of interests. The singer was accompanied on the piano by his sister. 这位歌唱家由他妹妹钢琴伴奏。 She left the stage to the accompaniment of loud cheers. 她在一片欢呼声中离开了舞台。2. follow the procedures: 遵循这些步骤3. to ones relief: 使.宽慰的是 To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.4. head for sth / make for sth: 去. leave for sth: 动身去 Its getting late; wed better turn and make for home. 天晚了，我们最好折回家把。 I will leave for the airport this afternoon.5. feel caught between sth: 在之间感到左右为难 I felt caught between further study and looking for a job when graduating from university.6. It feels like + 从句: 似乎，感觉好像 We just met a couple of days ago, but it feels like we have known each other for a lifetime. 我们几天前才认识，但感觉好像认识了很久。7. quit: (quit, quit / quitted, quitted) vt. & vi. 辞去；停止，离开 quit doing sth: 停止做 quit school: 辍学 quit ones job: 辞职 quit smoking: 戒烟 He got his present job when he quit / quitted the army. 他退伍后得到现在这份工作。 If I don t get a pay rise, I will quit.三、Project1. ahead of sth: (1) 在前面 (2) 比先进，领先 Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫。 She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她远远领先班级的其他人。2. at this point: 在这时，在这一点 at that point: 在那时，在那一点 Do you have any questions at this point? At that point the road dips into a valley. 在那一点，那条路直向山谷伸展。3. (Page 30, Line 10) All I had to do was go to school. 主语部分含有实义动词do的适当形式，作表语的不定式常常省略to. What she wants to do is (to) go home and have a good rest.4. feel like sth: 摸起来像.；感觉像是feel like doing sth: 想要做feel like + 从句: 感觉好像 (like此时等于as if 或as though) This kind of cloth feels like silk. I dont feel like cooking, lets eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。 I feel like I am going to be sick. 我觉得我好想要病了。 If felt like a great weight had been lifted from us. 我们如释重负。5. (Page 31, Lines 8-10) Humans will have leant to fix many of the problems (1) will have done: 将会做过. (将来完成时) We will have taken 5 exams by next Friday. (2) fix / solve sth: 解决 fix a problem.6. company: n. U 陪伴，和他人在一起 keep sb company / accompany sb: 陪伴某人 enjoy ones company: 享受的陪伴；喜欢和在一起in company with sb: 和一起 Ill stay here and keep you company. 我留下来陪你。 I enjoy his company when I am have free time. 我闲时喜欢和他在一起。 Tom, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong. 汤姆，还有许多人，都认为这个决定是错误的。Unit 3 Understanding each other一、Reading1. hug: vt. (hugged; hugging) 拥抱n. 拥抱 give sb a hug = hug sb Jane threw her arms and hugged him tight. Paul gave me a hug and smiled.2. cultural differences: 文化差异 cultural shock: 文化冲突3. ensure sth / that 从句: 确保，保证ensure sb sth: 保证某人 All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety. I cant ensure that he will be there on time. This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.4. prohibit: vt. (prohibited; prohibiting) 禁止prohibit sb from doing sth: 禁止某人做forbid sb from doing sth: forbid sb to do sth: ban sb from doing sth: prohibition: ,pruhibin n. (1) U 禁止，阻止 (2) C 禁令，禁律 The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。 He was forbidden to talk to her. She has been banned from driving for six months. They voted in favor of the prohibition of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成禁止在公共场合抽烟。 a prohibition against the sale of firearms. 禁止出售火器的禁令。5. adjust: vt. & vi. 适应，习惯；调整，调节adjust to (doing) sth: 适应习惯adjust sth to sth: 调整以适应 adjust oneself to sth: 使某人自己适应 It took her a long time to adjust to living alone. This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种书桌的高度可以按照你的要求调节。 He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快使自己适应了这个国家的炎热。6. be accustomed to sth: 习惯于 Accustomed to the city life, the young man has made great progress in his career.7. alike: adj. (不用于名词前) 相像的，相同的 look alike: 看上去相似 adv. 一样地，相似地 He and his sister are alike / look alike in many ways. 在很多方面，他和她妹妹很像。 They tried to treat the children alike.8. set off fireworks: 燃放烟火9. celebration: n. 庆典，庆祝（活动） in celebration of: 以庆祝 birthday celebrations: 生日庆典 a party in celebration of their 50th wedding anniversary. 10. do without: 将就 If there is none left, well have to do without. 如果没有剩余的，我们只好将就了。二、Grammar1. in ones youth: 在年轻时 He had been a talented musician in his youth. 2. let alone: 更不用说（多用于否定句，后接任何词性的词项。） There isnt enough room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat. I havent decided on the menu, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什么菜，更不用说买食物了。 I have never thought of it, let alone did I do it. 我都没有想到它，更谈不上去做了。3. take up: vt. (1) 占用（时间空间） Writing the paper took up most of my spare time. The piano took up too much space. (2) 拿起 take up arms: 拿起武器4. show sb around sth: 带领某人参观 Shown around the museum by the guide, we then went to the concert. 三、Project1. minority: n. 少数民族；少数（人） (1) be in the / a minority: 占少数 Girls are in the minority in our class. (2) 表示“少数”时，为集合名词。单独作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体或其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。 Only a minority of people support the new law. (3) the rights of ethnic minorities: 少数民族的权利2. job hunting: 求职，找工作 job hunter / job seeker: 求职者3. feast: n. (1) 盛宴，宴会，节日 (2) 享受；赏心乐事(for) hold a feast: 举行盛宴 be a feast for sb / sth: 是.的享受盛宴 The evening concert was a real feast for music lovers / our eyes. v. 盛宴款待；享受 feast on sth: 尽情享用 feast ones eyes on sth: 尽情欣赏；饱览 feast sb with sth: 用.款待宴请 They are feasting on the roasted meat.他们正在尽情享用烤肉。