牛津高中英语模块六语言点.doc

牛津高中英语模块六语言点 2012/8/14
Unit 1 Laughter is good for you
一、Reading
1. stand up for sth: 支持，维护……
We should strive to stand up for our right.
2. stage: n. 舞台，阶段，时期
be on the stage: 在舞台上；当演员，登台表演
go on the stage: 上舞台，当演员
on stage: 在舞台上
at a early stage: 在早期
① One minute on the stage and ten years of practice off the stage.
② She wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 他从小就相当演员。
③ We watched them from afar, and admired them only on screen and on stage.
我们远远的注视他们，只能通过荧屏或舞台钦慕他们的风采。
④ The babies develop quickly at an early stage.
3. variety: n. (1) 变化，多样性[U] a life lacking variety.
(2) 种类，各种各样
各种各样的
a variety of sth:
varieties of sth:
① He left for a variety of reasons.
② In the green grocers’ there are varieties of greens. 菜市场里有各种各样的蔬菜。
③ The varieties of goods in this supermarket are rich.
4. behave well / badly: 行为表现好∕坏
behave oneself: 行为表现好
① He behaves badly all the time.
② Children, please behave yourself.
5. tease sb / make fun of sb: 取笑，嘲弄
Don’t take what he said seriously, she is just teasing you. 别拿他的话当真，他只是在取笑你。
6. trip over sth: 被……绊倒
trip sth (up): 绊倒……
① She tripped over a cat and fell down.
② He tried to trip me but in vain.
7. get one’s start: 挣得第一桶金
howl with laughter: 哈哈大笑
He got his start in the business and howled with laughter.
8. have affection for sth: 喜爱，钟爱
He has great affection for his work.
9. later on: 后来，过些时候
10. such: adj. 那样的，这样的，如此的
such与数词或不定代词any，some，all，no等连用时放在它们之后；与不定冠词连用时，放在不定代词之前。例如：
① There is no such thing as a free lunch.
② You gave me such a flight.
11. live: adj. & adv. 现场直播的∕地
① a live program. ② The concert was broadcast live on TV.
12. well: adv. (1) 充分地，彻底地； (2) 相当地，远远地，颇，很
① The pan must be dried well before you put it away.
② He looks well over 40. 他看上去远远地超过40岁。
二、Word power
有关笑的谚语
1. laugh one’s head off: 大笑不止
2. smile on sb: 有利于，垂青，带来好运
3. have the last laugh / He who laughs last laughs best: 笑到最后，笑得最好
4. no laughing matter: 严肃的事，不是闹着玩的
5. laughing stock: 笑柄
6. laugh in one’s face: 当面嘲笑某人
7. be all smiles: 满脸堆笑
三、Grammar
1. participate in sth: 参加，参与……
participation: [pa:͵tisi′peiʃn] n. [U]参加，参与 (in)
participant: [pa:͵tisi′pənt] n. 参加者，参与者
① The whole class are participating the discussion.
② We want more participation in the decision-making process.
2. drive sb away: 赶跑……
drive (sb) off: 驾车离开；赶走∕击退……
drive sth up: 迫使……上涨
① Your anger will drive him away.
② After the accident, the other car drove off.
③ We keep dogs in the yard to drop off the intruders(非法闯入者).
④ The oil shortage drove gas prices up by 20 cents a gallon.
3. guarantee: (1) vt. 担保，保证；保修，包换
guarantee sth: 保证，担保
guarantee to do sth: 保证做…….
guarantee that: 保证…….
guarantee sb sth: 保证某人……
① guarantee your safety / your debt. 保证你的安全∕担保你的债务
② We guarantee to deliver the package within one week.
③ These days getting a degree(学位) will guarantee you a good job.
④ The radio is guaranteed for a year. 收音机保修一年。
(2) n. 保修单∕期；保证；担保（物）
there is no guarantee that: 无法保证……∕……不一定……
There is no guarantee that it will be a nice weather tomorrow.
4. instruct: vt. 命令，指示；传授，告知
instruction: n. 命令，指示；传授，使用说明
instructive: adj. 有教育意义的，启发性的
instruct sb to do sth: 命令∕指示某人做……
instruct sb in sth: 传授某人……
instruct (sb) that: 告知某人……
① I have instructed him to keep the door locked.
② All our staff have been instructed in sign language. 我们所有的员工都被教授了手语。
③ We are instructed by our client that you owe them ₤300. 我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。
5. take on sb / sth: 雇佣；呈现；承担
take on some staff. 雇佣一些员工
take on a puzzled look. 呈现困惑的神色
take on a challenging task. 承担挑战性的任务
6. move on to (doing) sth: 开始做……；换话题
Can we move on to a new topic?
7. polish: ㈠ n. (1)上光剂，鞋油 (2) 优雅 (3) 磨光，擦亮[C]
① You should use wax polish on wooden furniture. 你应该在木制家具上打上蜡。
② Four years of college gave her considerable polish. 四年的大学给了她更多的优雅。
③ Give your shoes a polish. 把你的鞋子擦一下。
㈡ vt. polish sth (up) : 磨光，擦亮……
polish sth up: 改善∕提高……
polish sth off: 迅速做完……
① polish (up) the table.
② Will you polish up this article a bit before we send it to the printer?
在这篇文章付印以前，请把它修改一下好吗？
③ We can polish the job off with the help of the new computer.
四、Project
1. as if从句省略
如果as if引导的从句和主句的主语一致，同时从句中含有be的适当形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。剩余部分为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词或不定式等。as if引导的从句是否为虚拟语气，要根据上下文判断。例如：
① He behaved as if (he was) a fool.
② The old man lay there as if (he was) dead.
③ Ruby(鲁比) glanced about as if (she was) in search of something.
④ John paused as if (he was ) expecting Mary to speak.
⑤ They opened their eyes wide as (they were) shocked by the sudden appearance of the lost boy.
⑥ The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___________ whether he was going in the right direction. （2003，北京春）
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
答案为D。
2. (Page 14, Line 21) mind if I sit down?
这是个省略句，完整的句子为would you mind if I sit down?
3. please do: 好吧，请吧。
—Would you mind my opening the door?
　　—______.
　　A. Yes, open it　　B. No, you wouldn’t 　　C. No, go ahead 　D. Yes, please do (答案为C)
4. make room for sth: 为……腾出地方
Please put away these books and make room for the piano.
5. dash: vi. 急奔，猛冲
n. 急奔，猛冲；短跑；破折号
dash sth off: 匆忙完成……
① An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. 救护车风驰电掣地赶往事故现场。
② She dashed off a letter to her mother. 她给母亲匆匆写了一封信。
③ He made a dash for the bus. 他猛冲过去追赶汽车。
④ He finished first in the 100-meter dash. 他在100米短跑中得了第一名。
6. tear: (tore, torn) vt. 撕，扯
把……撕成碎片
tear sth to pieces:
tear sth apart:
tear sth open: 撕∕拆开……
① The contract(合同) lay on the ground, torn to pieces.
② He torn the letter open and found a bill of 50 yuan.
7. burst: (burst, burst)
(1) vi. 猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
burst in: 突然闯入
突然……起来
burst into sth:
burst out doing:
① burst into tears / burst out crying: 突然大哭起来
② burst into laughter / burst out laughing: 突然大笑起来
③ burst into flames: 突然起火
(2) n. 突发，迸发；爆炸；裂口
a burst in the water pipe
a sudden burst of danger: 怒火的迸发
Unit 2 What is happiness to you
一、Reading
1. be surrounded by / with sth: 被……包围∕环绕
surrounding: adj. (作定语) 附近的，周围的
surroundings: n. 环境，周围的事物
① The house was surrounded by high walls and green trees.
② The surrounding area is known for its beautiful views.
③ Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园中的动物没有自然环境。
2. times: n. 时代，时期，日子
in modern times: 在现代
Times are hard for me. 我的日子很难。
3. by: 到……时间为止
by + 现在时间, 主句用现在完成时
by + 过去时间, 主句用过去完成时
by + 将来时间, 主句用将来完成时
① By this week, we have accomplished 2 projects.
② By the time he realized his view was wrong, he had nearly finished his essay.
③ He will have been in the army for 10 years by next June.
4. apart: adj. & adv.
(1) (时间、空间上)相隔，相距
① The two houses stand 500m apart.
② The birthday is only 3 days apart.
(2) 分离（的）；分开（的）；破裂（的）
tell sth apart: 区分开……
fall apart: vi. 崩溃，瓦解，散架
live apart from sb: 与……分开住
① I can’t tell the twins apart.
② When his wife left him, his world just fall apart.
③ We are living apart from our parents.
5. apart from sth: (1) (=except) 除……以外 (2) (=besides) 除……以外也……
① All the articles are good apart from this one.
② Apart from their houses in London, they also have a villa(别墅) in Spain.
6. cost sb sth: 使某人付出……
① The meal cost me 10 dollars.
② The scandal(丑闻) cost the girl her career.
7. rush sb to sth: 把……急送……
in a rush: 匆忙地
① The patient was rushed to the airport by the ambulance.
② Those words came out in a rush.
8. spirits: n. 精神，情绪，心境
in high spirits: 情绪高昂
in low / poor spirits: 情绪低落
The achievements put us in high spirits.
9. appreciation: n. [U] (1) 感激 (2) 欣赏；鉴定 (3) 理解
in appreciation of sth: 以感激……
① He showed his appreciation for our work.
② Please accept this gift in appreciation of your help.
③ She showed little appreciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音乐的好处。
10. cry over / about sth: 因为……哭泣
cry over spilt milk: 作于事无补的担忧。
① As the saying goes, “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”.
② It’s stupid to cry over something unimportant.
11. adapt: v. 适应；改编
adaptation: [,ædæp′teʃən] n. 适应，改编（本）
adapt to sth: 适应……
adapt oneself to sth: 使某人（自己）适应……
① adapt a script. 改编剧本
② Our eyes soon adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。
③ She adapted herself to the climate.
12. go after sth: 追赶；追求，谋求
① He went after the burglars. 他追赶那些盗贼。
② He goes after every woman he meets.
③ We are both going after the same job. 我们俩都谋求得到这份工作。
13. heart and soul: adv. 全心全意地
We must serve the people heart and soul.
14. advocate: vt. 主张，提倡；拥护
advocate (doing) sth:
advocate that:
① Do you advocate banning cars in the city center?
② I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策。
③ The report advocated that we should try our best to protect the environment.
二、Grammar
1. accompany: vt. (1) 陪伴，陪同 (2) 为……伴奏
accompaniment: [əʹ kʌmpənimənt] n. (1) 伴奏 (2) 伴随物，配料
accompanist: [əʹ kʌmpənist] n. 伴奏者
accompany sb / keep sb company: 陪伴……
to the accompaniment of sb: 在……伴奏下
① Accompanied by his mother, the boy visited many places of interests.
② The singer was accompanied on the piano by his sister. 这位歌唱家由他妹妹钢琴伴奏。
③ She left the stage to the accompaniment of loud cheers. 她在一片欢呼声中离开了舞台。
2. follow the procedures: 遵循这些步骤
3. to one’s relief: 使…..宽慰的是
To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.
4. head for sth / make for sth: 去…...
leave for sth: 动身去……
① It’s getting late; we’d better turn and make for home. 天晚了，我们最好折回家把。
② I will leave for the airport this afternoon.
5. feel caught between sth: 在……之间感到左右为难
I felt caught between further study and looking for a job when graduating from university.
6. It feels like + 从句: 似乎，感觉好像……
We just met a couple of days ago, but it feels like we have known each other for a lifetime.
我们几天前才认识，但感觉好像认识了很久。
7. quit: (quit, quit / quitted, quitted) vt. & vi. 辞去；停止，离开
quit doing sth: 停止做……
quit school: 辍学 quit one’s job: 辞职 quit smoking: 戒烟
① He got his present job when he quit / quitted the army. 他退伍后得到现在这份工作。
② If I don’ t get a pay rise, I will quit.
三、Project
1. ahead of sth: (1) 在……前面 (2) 比……先进，领先
① Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫。
② She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她远远领先班级的其他人。
2. at this point: 在这时，在这一点
at that point: 在那时，在那一点
① Do you have any questions at this point?
② At that point the road dips into a valley. 在那一点，那条路直向山谷伸展。
3. (Page 30, Line 10) All I had to do was go to school.
主语部分含有实义动词do的适当形式，作表语的不定式常常省略to.
What she wants to do is (to) go home and have a good rest.
4. feel like sth: 摸起来像......；感觉像是……
feel like doing sth: 想要做……
feel like + 从句: 感觉好像…… (like此时等于as if 或as though)
① This kind of cloth feels like silk.
② I don’t feel like cooking, let’s eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。
③ I feel like I am going to be sick. 我觉得我好想要病了。
④ If felt like a great weight had been lifted from us. 我们如释重负。
5. (Page 31, Lines 8-10) Humans will have leant to fix many of the problems……
(1) will have done: 将会做过……. (将来完成时)
We will have taken 5 exams by next Friday.
(2) fix / solve sth: 解决…… fix a problem.
6. company: n. [U] 陪伴，和他人在一起
keep sb company / accompany sb: 陪伴某人
enjoy one’s company: 享受……的陪伴；喜欢和……在一起
in company with sb: 和……一起
① I’ll stay here and keep you company. 我留下来陪你。
② I enjoy his company when I am have free time. 我闲时喜欢和他在一起。
③ Tom, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong.
汤姆，还有许多人，都认为这个决定是错误的。
Unit 3 Understanding each other
一、Reading
1. hug: vt. (hugged; hugging) 拥抱
n. 拥抱 give sb a hug = hug sb
① Jane threw her arms and hugged him tight.
② Paul gave me a hug and smiled.
2. cultural differences: 文化差异
cultural shock: 文化冲突
3. ensure sth / that 从句: 确保，保证……
ensure sb sth: 保证某人……
① All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety.
② I can’t ensure that he will be there on time.
③ This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep.
4. prohibit: vt. (prohibited; prohibiting) 禁止
prohibit sb from doing sth:
禁止某人做……
forbid sb from doing sth:
forbid sb to do sth:
ban sb from doing sth:
◆◆prohibition: [,prəuhiʹbiʃn] n. (1) [U] 禁止，阻止 (2) [C] 禁令，禁律
① The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。
② He was forbidden to talk to her.
③ She has been banned from driving for six months.
④ They voted in favor of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.
他们投票赞成禁止在公共场合抽烟。
⑤ a prohibition against the sale of firearms. 禁止出售火器的禁令。
5. adjust: vt. & vi. 适应，习惯；调整，调节
adjust to (doing) sth: 适应∕习惯……
adjust sth to sth: 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to sth: 使某人自己适应……
① It took her a long time to adjust to living alone.
② This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种书桌的高度可以按照你的要求调节。
③ He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快使自己适应了这个国家的炎热。
6. be accustomed to sth: 习惯于……
Accustomed to the city life, the young man has made great progress in his career.
7. alike: adj. (不用于名词前) 相像的，相同的 look alike: 看上去相似
adv. 一样地，相似地
① He and his sister are alike / look alike in many ways. 在很多方面，他和她妹妹很像。
② They tried to treat the children alike.
8. set off fireworks: 燃放烟火
9. celebration: n. 庆典，庆祝（活动）
in celebration of: 以庆祝……
① birthday celebrations: 生日庆典
② a party in celebration of their 50th wedding anniversary.
10. do without: 将就
If there is none left, we’ll have to do without. 如果没有剩余的，我们只好将就了。
二、Grammar
1. in one’s youth: 在……年轻时
He had been a talented musician in his youth.
2. let alone: 更不用说（多用于否定句，后接任何词性的词项。）
① There isn’t enough room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat.
② I haven’t decided on the menu, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什么菜，更不用说买食物了。
③ I have never thought of it, let alone did I do it. 我都没有想到它，更谈不上去做了。
3. take up: vt. (1) 占用（时间∕空间）
① Writing the paper took up most of my spare time.
② The piano took up too much space.
(2) 拿起 take up arms: 拿起武器
4. show sb around sth: 带领某人参观……
Shown around the museum by the guide, we then went to the concert.
三、Project
1. minority: n. 少数民族；少数（人）
(1) be in the / a minority: 占少数 Girls are in the minority in our class.
(2) 表示“少数”时，为集合名词。单独作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体或其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
① The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。
② Only a minority of people support the new law.
(3) the rights of ethnic minorities: 少数民族的权利
2. job hunting: 求职，找工作
job hunter / job seeker: 求职者
3. feast: ㈠ n. (1) 盛宴，宴会，节日 (2) 享受；赏心乐事(for)
hold a feast: 举行盛宴
be a feast for sb / sth: 是......的享受∕盛宴
The evening concert was a real feast for music lovers / our eyes.
㈡ v. 盛宴款待；享受……
feast on sth: 尽情享用……
feast one’s eyes on sth: 尽情欣赏；饱览
feast sb with sth: 用…..款待∕宴请……
① They are feasting on the roasted meat.他们正在尽情享用烤肉。