初中英语八年级动词不定式与动名词专项练习.doc

初中英语八年级动词不定式与动名词专项练习
一、动词不定式的用法
1） 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 或  It is not easy to learn English well.
2）作表    My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.
4）作宾语补足语 He told me to be here on time.
5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语He stopped to have a look.否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.
2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语)
            (2) How to use the machine is a question.    (不定式作主语)
            (3) The question is when to go there.    (不定式作表语)
3、省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。3）would rather，had better + do  
4、不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…：太…而不能…  He is too excited to speak.
2）enough to do：足以做 …The child is old enough to go to schooll
3）Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议   Why not take a holiday?
4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 
二、动词的-ing形式：
  1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
1）动名词作主语   Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语  My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3） 动名词作宾语 She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：, finish,  mind, practice,  be good at, do well in, can't help(禁不住), keep on, feel like, look forward to, enjoy ,finish, be busy ,advise ,suggest等
2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, 
例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 
2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 
1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.
      A. to have rested      B. resting     C. to rest       D. rest
2. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
      A. lay        B. lain       C. laying      D. lying
3.The students are busy _______ ready for the exam now.
          A. getting        B. get         C. got        D. to get
4. --- Look! The lights in the classroom are still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.
      A. turning them off    B. turn them off C. to turn them off   D. having turned them off
5. He didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.
         A. to go          B. goes        C. gone          D. going
6. You’d better _______ at home all the time. It’s bad for your health.
          A. don’t stay      B. no to stay       C. not stay         D. not staying
7.. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
      A. come; climbing     B. to come; to climb   C. to come; climbing    D. coming; climbing
8. Is  there  any  time _______ to  the museum?
          A. going         B. to go       C. goes       D. gone
9. The teacher asked the students to close the windows ____the wind from ____the papers away.
   A. to stop; blowing     B. stopping; blowing    C. to stop; blow    D. stopped; blow
10. We should do as much as we can _______ water. 
   A. for saving       B. to save      C. save      D. saved
11. What is the best way do you think ______ the wild animals?
     A. protecting  B. to protecting       C. protected       D. to protect
12. I think it kind _______.
    A. of him to help me    B. for him to help me  C. that he help me   D. of him helping me
13. It’s too hot today. Why not _______ your coat?
          A. take on       B. to take off      C. take off         D. taking off
14. Boys, don’t forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.
          A. closing   B. closed      C. to closing     D. to close
15. Would you please _______ any noise? The baby has just fallen asleep.
          A. make       B. to make   C. not to make  D. not make
16. --- Would you please try _______ late again?    --- Sorry, I won’t be late again.
          A. not to be      B. to be not     C. not be       D. be
17. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.
          A. told      B. telling       C. to tell      D. tell
18. We can’t help crying after _______ the sad news.
          A. hear       B. heard     C. hearing      D. to hear
19. --- Would you mind _______ for a few minutes?    --- No, not at all
         A. wait       B. to wait      C. waited      D. waiting
20. I find _______ him all about it.
A. necessary to tell    B. that necessary to  C. necessary it to tell  D. it necessary to tell
21. It’s very nice _______ you to _______ me about it.
          A. for; tell     B. of; say    C. to; speak         D. of; tell
22.. The son wants his mother _______ him up at six o’clock every day.
           A. to ring       B. ring        C. rings        D. ringing
23. --- I often use Hotmail to send e-mails.--- Really? Would you please show me _______ it?
          A. how can I use     B. what can I us     C. how to use       D. what to use
24.. Tell the boy _______ out of the window.
          A. not to look        B. to not look    C. don’t look      D. not look
25. Did you hear her _______ in the next room just now?
          A. singing        B. sing         C. to sing              D. sang
26. How long does it take you _______ your homework every evening?
      A. finish doing   B. finishing to do    C. to finish doing      D. finish to do 
27. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office.
          A. to turn off    B. turning off     C. turn off        D. to turning off
28. Her hope _______ the 2008 Olympic Games.
    A. to take part in    B. is to take part in   C. taking part in     D. will take part in
29.The room isn’t big enough _______ so many people.
          A. holding        B. hold       C. to hold        D. holds
30. You’d better not spend more time _______ computer games.
          A. for playing     B. in playing       C. to play           D. plays
31. It is better to teach a man fishing than _______ him fish.
          A. giving       B. to give        C. gives        D. give
32. My sister is interested in _______ in her free time.
       A. watch TV       B. reading books    C. listening music        D. plays basketball
33. I have caught a cold and I don’t feel like _______ anything.
          A. to eat       B. eating         C. ate        D. eats
34. I saw him _______ into the small store.
          A went        B. going          C. to go         D. has gone
35. He raised(提高) his voice（嗓音） to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.
          A. hear        B. to hear       C. hearing      D. heard
36. I didn’t go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me _______ my sister at home.
          A. to look at     B. to look for     C. looking after    D.to take care of
37. Their wish is _____ a house of their own.（他们自己的）
  A. to have           B. for having        C. have          D. of having
38. The teacher agreed _____ us_____ the test papers home.
  A. to let, take       B. to let, to take          C. letting, take        D. let, take
39. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _______ me his bicycle.
A. lending     B. lent     C. to lend     D. in lending
40. I don't like_______ people _________about their neighbours.
A. hear, talking         B. to hear, talking    C. to hear, to talk        D. hearing, talked
B． 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。
1. Li Lei is asking his uncle_______(help) him think of a foreign name.
2. --- Hi! Li Hong. I didn’t see you at the party.
    --- Oh, I was busy _______(get) ready for the coming exams.
3. It’s too cold. Let’s make a fire _______ (warm) ourselves up.
4. The girl _______(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.
5. You don’t need _______ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.
6. Why did you keep your brother _______ (wait) for a long time that evening?
7. I found the door _______(close) when I got home.
8. When they met again, they were too excited _______(say) a word.
9. Through the window, I saw some boys _______(play) basketball.
10. He didn’t finish _______(write) the book until last week.
11. --- How long did it take you _______(do) your homework yesterday?
    --- About half an hour.
12. Let me _______(help) you _______(water) the flowers.
13. My watch doesn’t work. It needs _______(repair).
14. _______(take) good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better.
15. How much time did you spend _______ (watch) TV last night?
16. I prefer _____(read) books at home rather than _______(go) shopping on Sundays.
17. It’s going ______(rain); you’d better ______(take) an umbrella with you.
18. I often hear people _______(say) “_______(see) is _______(believe)”.

1.5 有理数的乘除
专题一 与有理数的乘除有关的规律探究题
1. 法国的“小九九”从“一一得一” 到“五五二十五”和我国的“小九九”是一样的，后面的就改用手势了.下面两个图框是用法国“小九九”计算78和89的两个示例.若用法国“小九九”计算79，左、右手依次伸出手指的个数是( )
A.2，3 B.3，3 C.2，4 D.3，4

2. 观察右面的图形（每个正方形的边长均为1）和相应等式，探究其中的规律：
①
②
③
④
……
⑴写出第5个等式，并在右边给出的五个正方形上画出与之对应的图示：

⑵猜想并写出与第n个图形相对应的等式.

专题二 与有理数的乘除有关阅读问题的探究题
3. 阅读下面的材料：
计算：.
解：
应用：根据你对材料的理解，计算：．

4.（1）阅读下列材料：
计算.
解法一：

(1)上述解法得的结果不完全相同，你认为解法___________是错误的，在正确解法中，你认为解法___________较简捷.
.

专题三 与有理数的乘除有关的应用问题
5. 张在办理业务时，约定存入为正，取出为负．2012年6月29日他办理了6件业务：-780元、-650元、+1250元、-310元、-420元、+240元．
（1）若他早上领取备用金5000元，那么下班时应交回银行多少元？
（2）若每办一件业务，银行发给业务量的0.1%作为奖励，那么这天小张应得奖金多少元？

6. 小张上周末买进股票1000股，每股20元，下表为本周每日股票的涨跌情况：
星    期　
一　
二　
三　
四　
五　
每股涨跌
+4
+5
-1
-3
-6
（1）到本周三，小张所持股票每股多少元？
（2）本周内，股票最高价出现在星期几？是多少元？
（3）已知小张买进股票时付了1.5‰的手续费，卖出时需付成交额1.5‰的手续费和 3‰ 的交易税．如果小张在本周末卖出全部股票，他的收益如何？

状元笔记
【知识要点】
1. 两数相乘，同号得正，异号得负，并把绝对值相乘；任何数同0相乘，都得0．
2. 乘积是1的两个数互为倒数．
3. (1)几个不等于0的数相乘，积的符号由负因数的个数决定．当负因数有奇数个时，积为负；当负因数有偶数个时，积为正．
(2)几个数相乘，有一个因数为0，积就为0．
【方法技巧】
1. 有理数乘法运算的方法与步骤：
第一步确定符号；
第二步计算积的绝对值；
第三步写出结果.
对于有理数的除法运算,应先将除法转化为乘法,再按乘法运算的方法和步骤进行运算.
2.（1）同级运算按从左到右的顺序进行；
（2）要注意算式中有没有括号，如有括号，要按小括号——中括号──大括号的顺序
进行；
（3）灵活运用运算律简化运算.

参考答案
1．C 解析：因为 79=63，所以两手伸出的手指数和为6，未伸出手指数的积为3，满足以上两个条件左、右手依次伸出手指的个数必须是2，4.故选C.
2. 解析：观察题目中图形的规律发现：每个图形中小正方形的个数等于与之对应的式序数，且每个图形被等分的份数等于左边等式中分式的分母，其阴影部分份数等于相应的分式的分子，由此可得（1）问的图形.且由上面探索可以很方便地得到本题的等式规律，即第（2）问的答案.
解：

(2) .
3. 解：原式=（100﹣）×（﹣6）=100×（﹣6）﹣×（﹣6）=﹣600+=-599．
4. 解：（1）解法一是错误的，解法二、三是正确的，解法三较简捷.

.
5. 解：（1）5000-780-650+1250-310-420+240=4330（元）；他下班时应交回银行4330元.
（2）（780+650+1250+310+420+240）×0.1%=3.65（元），这天他应得奖金为3.65元．
6. 解：（1）20+4+5-1=28（元）．答：到本周三，小张所持股票每股28元．
（2）20+4+5=29（元）．答：本周内，股票最高价出现在星期二，是29元．
（3）29-1-3-6=19（元），1000×19=19000（元），1000×20=20000（元），
19000-20000-20000×1.5‰-19000×（1.5‰+3‰）=-1000-30-85.5=-1115.5（元）．
所以小张亏了1115.5元．