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1、英国文学简史期末考试复习要点_刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备) 英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） • 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf） • 《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales ） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初） • 托马
2、斯·莫尔 （Thomas More ） 《乌托邦》（Utopia） • 埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 《仙后》（The Faerie Queene) • 弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon） 《论说文集》（Essays) 克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe • 《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine） • 《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Fa
3、ustus） • 《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta ） 威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare 喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice） 悲剧《罗密欧及朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth） 历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV） 传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest） 本·琼生 Ben John
4、son • 《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor） • 《狐狸》（Volpone） • 《练金术士》（The Alchemist ） 三、17世纪文学 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost） 《复乐园》（Paradise Regained） 诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes） • 约翰·班扬（John Bunyan） 《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress） • 威廉·康格里夫（Wi
5、lliam Congreve） 《以爱还爱》（Love for Love） 《如此世道》（The Way of the World ） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美及和谐。亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 • 亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） • 乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》 Gulliver’s Tra
6、vels • 丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe） • 亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） • 奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsmith 《荒村》（The Deserted Village） • 詹姆斯·汤姆逊James Thomson 《四季歌》（The Seasons） • 威廉·柯林斯 William Collins 《黄昏颂》（Ode to Evening） • 托马斯·格雷
7、 Thomas Gray 《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） • 罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns • 威廉·布莱克 William Blake • 威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth • 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads ） · Byron,Shelley,Keats 六、现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年
8、代-1918）（维多利亚时代1832-1901） • 罗伯特·布朗宁 Robert Browning戏剧独白 《皮帕走过了》（Pippa Passes） 《指环及书》（The Ring and the Book） • 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson 《悼念》（In Memoriam A. H. H） 勃朗特三姐妹 • 夏洛蒂·勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte 《简·爱》（Jane Eyre） • 艾米丽·勃朗特Emily Bronte 《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering H
9、eights) • 安妮·勃朗特 Anne Bronte 《阿格尼斯·格雷》（Agnes Grey）。 托马斯·哈代 Thomas Hardy • 《德伯家的苔丝》 （Tess of the D’Urbervilles） • 《无名的裘德》 （Jude the Obscure） 查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens • 《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist） • 《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield） • 《远大前程》（Great Expectations） • 《荒凉山庄》（Bleak House）
10、
• 《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）
一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485
11、 and elevated. e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of underst
12、atement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. It is ____alone who, for the first time
13、 in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor
14、 humanity.
①
15、 II The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学 （15世纪后期—17世纪初） A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th centur
16、y and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Two features 1. a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature 2. the keen interst in the activities of humanity. The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The R
17、enaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts: (1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, (2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, (3) to recover the purity of the early church
18、from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:
19、Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599 （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey 12. Which of the following sta
20、tements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet’s poet”? ( B )
A. Spenser’s idealism B. his struggle for criteria
C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody
①
21、something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
②
22、ver the loss of Rosalind.
③
23、rst English essayist.n
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
①
24、 and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
25、e new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D )
A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina
C. terza rima D. blank verse
①
26、Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies:
27、 :154
28、
29、t people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。及但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
30、 the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought） Artistic features: 1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三
31、段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
32、 logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century) 小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary
33、form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说) Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) 1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744 （18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。） As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of
34、the first to introduce rationalism to England....
Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C )
A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift
①
35、Using “heroic couplets”
② 36、s Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work)
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
一个小小的建议n
② 37、十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）l
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
① 38、 and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to Engla 39、nd.
② 40、s:
41、0~1774
① poems:
42、orld from children’s eye.
② 43、e of Heaven and Hell>天堂及地狱的婚姻n
9. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
① 44、y Heart’s in then Highlands>我的心在那高原上
⑥ 45、It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major n 46、ovelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（及柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）
① 47、lads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
②
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Com 48、ment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary 49、Reaper孤独的割麦女
② 50、
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