聚氨酯(PU)的合成.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,聚氨酯的合成,Group 23,周真一,傅鑫杰,章良润,1,S.Ramesh et al.Synthesis,Physicochemical Characterization,and Applications of Polyurethane Ionomers:A ReviewJ.Journal of Macromolecular Science,Volume 38,Issue 3,1998,2,1.,聚氨酯简介,聚氨酯,(PU),是聚氨基甲酸酯,(Polyurethane),的简称,分子链段中含氨基甲酸酯基团,(,NHCOO,),特征单元,3,聚氨酯可看作是一种,含有软链段和硬链段,的嵌段共聚物,2.,聚氨酯的结构,4,鲨鱼皮泳衣,冲浪板,3.,聚氨酯的性能与应用,5,飞机汽车等的座椅、涂层、部件的粘结剂,冰箱中的保温材料,6,皮革,人工肾脏,血液透析机,这个。你们懂的,7,1937,年德国,Otto Bayer,教授首先发现多异氰酸酯与多元醇进行加聚反应可制得聚氨酯,。,以此为基础,，聚氨酯,进入工业化应用,4.,聚氨酯的合成,8,二,(,或多,),异氰酸酯,，如甲苯二异氰酸酯,(TDI),、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,(HMDI),、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,(IPDI),、奈二异氰酸酯,(NDI),等；,4.1,合成原料,9,二元,(,或,多元,),醇,。除,丁二醇,外，用的更多的是聚醚二醇和聚酯二醇，如聚乙二醇,(PEG),和聚己内酯,(PCL),。此外，聚硅氧烷也可以用作多元醇。,10,一般是由含有两个或两个以上,异氰酸基,(,NCO,基,),化合物,与含有两个或两个以上,活泼氢化合物,(,如含羟基、氨基等化合物,),反应制,备聚氨酯,4.2,合成原理,11,低温溶液聚合,4.3,合成方法,12,Meng-Shung Yen,Ping-Yuan Tsai.Effects of Soft Segments on the Surface Properties ofPolydimethylsiloxane Waterborne PolyurethanePrepolymer Blends and Treated Nylon FabricsJ.Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol.115,35503558(2010),预聚,中和,封端,乳化,13,For the PU prepolymer,absorption bands were found around,3300 cm-1,(NH groups,narrow),1730 cm-1,(C=O groups of urethanes),1690 cm-1(C=O groups of ureas),and,1540 cm-1,(-CNH groups).,14,反应挤出,双螺杆挤出机,15,Jean-Pierre Puaux et al.Modeling of polyurethane synthesis by reactive extrusionJ.,Chemical Engineering and Processing 45(2006)481487,挤出机沿筒身划分为,10,个等长区域，具有各自独立的温控系统，实现不同的作用,16,17,Measured residence times distribution curves for different screw speeds,在流量一定时，随螺杆转速增加，滞留时间向短时间、窄分布方向发展,18,Measured local residence times distribution curves along the screw(200rpm),给定流速和转速时，滞留时间分布沿着流动方向逐渐展宽,19,Experimental values of the polymer number average molecular weight and polydispersity index(flow rate 3 kg/h),螺杆转速影响最终产物的聚合度，,螺杆结构影响最终产物的聚合度分布。,20,Compared to a classical batch process in solution,reactive extrusion provides the following advantages,：,the reaction is conducted in the melt,in absence of any kind of solvent;,an extruder is able to work with very viscous products,which is not the case for batch reactors;,processing conditions are much wider and flexible in an extruder(mixing conditions,high temperatures,modular geometry).,Bruno Vergnes,Franoise Berzin.Modeling of reactive systems in twin-screw extrusion:,challenges and applicationsJ.,C.R.Chimie 9(2006)14091418,21,The End.,Thanks for your attention!,生,男,孩？,&,生,女,孩？,陈氏定理,！,！,为了生,儿子,，,男的,请远离化学,！,为了生,儿子,，,女的,得拼命学化学,我有,E=mc,2,否则没有原子弹！,我有,陈氏定理,！,否则你就不会出生,22,