资源描述
名 称
形态
定义
识别标准
备注
锤子线
也叫探水竿
不论阴阳只要出现在下降趋势中，就是下降趋势即将终结的信号。意思是市场正用锤子夯砸底部
1、实体处于整个价格区间的上端，实体本身的颜色是无所谓的
2、下影线的长度至少达到实体高度的2倍
3、在这类蜡烛线中，应当没有上影线，即使有上影线。其长度也是极短的下影线越长、上影线越短、实体越小，越有意义。如果锤子线的实体是阳线，其看涨的意义则更坚挺几分，如果上吊线的实体是阴线，其看跌的意义则更强烈一点。
锤子线出现之前一定先有一段下降趋势。哪怕只是较小的下降趋势。
上吊线
无论阴阳出现在上涨行情之后，就表明之前的市场运动也许已经结束。
当上吊线出现时，一点要等待其他看跌信号的证实
吞没形态（抱线形态）
吞没形态属于主要的反转形态，是由两根颜色相反的蜡烛线实体所构成的。
阳吞阴看涨
阴吞阳看跌
1、在吞没形态之前，市场必须处在清晰可辨的上升趋势或下降趋势中，哪怕这个趋势只是短期的。
2、吞没形态必须由2条蜡烛线组成。其中第二根蜡烛线的实体必须覆盖第一根蜡烛线的实体。
3、吞没形态的两个实体必须颜色相反。
乌云盖顶形态
乌云盖顶形态属于顶部反转形态，也是由两根蜡烛线组成。一般出现在上升趋势之后，也有些情况出现在水平调整区间的顶部。
1、 在乌云盖顶形态中，阴线实体的收市价向下扎入阳线实体的程度越深，则成为顶部的几率越大。
2、 要求阴线实体扎入阳线实体的一半以上，如未成功，则需要等待，参考其他看跌信号。
一般出现在上升趋势之后，在有些情况下也可以出现在水平调整区间的顶部
刺透形态（斩回线形态）
作为与乌云盖顶相反的形态，刺透形态属于底部反转信号。
需要注意的是，乌云盖顶形态中要求阴线实体扎入阳线实体
的一半以上，如未成功，则需要等待，参考其他看跌信号。也即是说还有灵活的余地。但在刺透形态中，要求阳线实体
必须刺入阴线实体一半以上，这是因为在底部反转中应该更加谨慎。
一般出现在下跌的市场上
启明星形态
此形态属于底部反转形态。名称的由来是，这个形态预示着价格上涨，就像启明星（水星）预示着太阳的升起一样。
三根K线，其中第一根实体为阴第三根K线实体为阳。第一根与第二根K线的实体之间形成跳空。第三根K线向上穿入第一根K线实体中。
1.星线本身的颜色并不重要。
2.如果第一根K线的交易量较轻，而第三根K线的交易量较重。这一点表明了原先趋势力量的衰弱，及新趋势力量的增长。
黄昏星形态
黄昏星是启明星的顶部对等形态，看跌。名称由来是因为黄昏星（金星）恰好出现在夜幕即将降临之际
三根K线组成。第一根为阳线，第三根为阴线。第一根实体
与第二根实体之间形成价格跳空。理想当中的黄昏星，第二根实体和第三根实体之间，也应形成价格跳空（不常见，不是必要条件）。关键识别点在于第三天的阴线实体向下穿入第一天阳线实体的深浅程度。
流星形态
流星形态是一种二K线的顶部反转形态，它发出警告信号，表明市场顶部就在眼前，外观恰如其名，像一颗流星，本形态的技术意义不如黄昏星形态强。通常不构成主要的反转信号。
实体的颜色不重要。流星线具有较小实体，且实体处于其价格区间的下端，同时上影线较长，与其他星型形态一样，实体颜色并不重要。在理想的流星形态中，流行线实体与前一日K线实体之间存在价格跳空。
倒锤子线
如果倒锤子线出现在下降趋势之后，则构成一个看涨的形态。
倒锤子线具有较小实体，且实体处于其价格区间的下端，同时上影线较长，与流星形态一样，实体颜色并不重要。在实际的分析中，最重要的一点就是在出现倒锤子线之后，必须等待下一时间的看涨信号加以验证。
孕线形态
颜色无关紧要，意味着上升力量正在衰减，滞涨
孕线形态特征：后一根蜡烛线的实体较小，并且被前一根相对较长的实体包容进去。在孕线形态中，第二根蜡烛线的颜色是无所谓的。上下影线的大小通常也是无关紧要的。孕线形态与吞没形态相比，两根蜡烛线的顺序恰好颠倒过来。在吞没形态中，后面是一根长长的实体，它将前一个小实体覆盖进去了。而在孕线形态中，前一个是非常长的实体，它将后一个小实体包容起来。在吞没形态中，两根蜡烛线的实体的颜色应当互不相同。而在孕线形态中，这一点倒不是一项必要条件。在绝大多数情况下，孕线形态的两个实体的颜色也是不同的。第二根实体越小，则整个形态越有力量十字孕线形态恰恰是一种主要反转形态。
颜色无关紧要，意味着下跌力量正在衰减，止跌
平头顶部形态
平头顶部形态及十字孕线形态
平头顶部形态及上吊线形态
平头形态是由具有几乎相同水平的最高点的两根蜡烛线组成的，或者是由具有几乎相同的最低点的二根蜡烛线组成的。在上升的市场中，当几根蜡烛线的最高点不相上下时，就形成了一个平头顶部形态。在下降的市场上，当几根蜡烛线的最低点基本一致时，就形成了一个平头底部形态。平头形态既可以由实体构成，也可以由影线或者十字线构成。
平头顶部形态及流星线形态
平头顶部形态及乌云盖顶形态
平头底部形
平头底部形态及锤子线形态
平头底部形态及刺透形态
捉腰带线
看涨捉腰带形态：是一根坚挺的阳线，其开市价位于当日的最低点(或者，这根蜡烛线只有极短的下影线)，然后市场一路上扬。看涨捉腰带线又称为开盘秃(脚)阳线。如果市场处于低价区域，出现了一根长长的看涨捉腰带线，则预示着上冲行情的到来。
捉腰带形态是由单独一根蜡烛线构成的，既可能具有看涨的意义，也可能具有看跌的意义。
看跌捉腰带形态：是一根长长的阴线，它的开市价位于当日的最高点(或者这根蜡烛线只有极短的上影线)，然后市场一路下跌。在市场处于高价区的条件下，看跌捉腰带形态的出现，构成了顶部反转信号。看跌捉腰带线有时也称为开盘秃(头)阴线。
反击线形态（约会线形态）
看涨反击线形态
看涨反击线形态VS刺透形态 区别：看涨反击线通常并不把收市价向上推进到前一天的阳线实体的内部，而是仅仅回升到前一天的收市价的位置。而在刺透形态中，第二根蜡烛线深深地向上穿入了前一个阴线实体之内。因此，刺透形态与看涨反击线形态相比较，刺透形态是一种更为重要的底部反转信号。
看跌反击线形态VS乌云盖顶形态 在看跌反击线形态中，第二天的开市价高于前一天的最高点，这一点与乌云盖顶形态是一致的。但是，与乌云盖顶形态不同的是，这一天的收市价并没有向下穿入前一天的阳线蜡烛线之内。由此看来，乌云盖顶形态所发出的顶部反转信号，比看跌反击线形态更强。
在反击线形态中，重要的考虑因素是，第二天的开市价是否强劲地上升到较高的水平(看跌反击线形态)，或者是否剧烈地下降到较低的水平(看涨反击线形态)。其核心思想是，在该形态第二天开市时，市场本来已经顺着既有趋势向前迈了一大步，但是后来，却发生了意想不到的变故！到当日收市时，市场竟然完全返回到前一天收市价的水平！
看跌反击线形态
第四章 虚拟语气
（一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：
从句（条件）
主句（目的）
表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
主语+would(should could might)+动词原型
表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.
主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词
表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.
主语+would（could should might）+动词原型
错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。
She would have died without my help.。
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。
例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it.
去if：Were she younger, she would do it.
2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him
3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中
1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。
He treats the boy as if he were his own son.
2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
He spoke as if he had known about it.
3． 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形
He acts as if he could win in the game .
注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
例：He looks as if he going to be ill.
2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思
谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成
For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.
“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型
例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.
2.The game will be put off in case it snows.
（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.
对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish (that) I would\could go.
在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
常用的此类动词有：
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“同意，坚持”的：insist
表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order
注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested (暗示）that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.
Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
I would rather you told me the truth.
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原型
2.would rather…..than……中用动词原型
I would rather do it by myself.
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中的虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.
常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。
注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例：I don’t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).
在“It is (was)+名词+that…..”结构句中的虚拟语气
表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。
二．表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.
We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。
在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型
It is high time that you went / should go to school.
注意：在this is the first time/ second time that….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.
二． 选择题
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible
---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in
11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come
17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
20. ---I am going to tell her the news
---I would as soon you _____her about it
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
22. It was requested that the play ____again
A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness
----Yes, but ____it
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car
A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost
26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth
A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son
A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more
A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held
31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying
A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert
A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again
A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules
A. obeys B. Obey C. will obey D. would obey
36. I wish I ____here then
A. was B. had been C. were D. would be
37. It is strange that he ____back so early
A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come
38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV
A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done
39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday
A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put
40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there
A. had been B. has been C. was D. been
41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……
----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning
A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing
44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse
A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try
45. ----How could I thank you enough?
----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it
A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done
46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue
A. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed
47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths
A. it would have been B. it would be
C. there would be D. there would have been
48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.
A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered
C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered
49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder
A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished
50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late
A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been
51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then
A. come B. came C. would come D. will come
52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting
A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on
53. I hope that you ____ right
A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be
54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you
A. am B. have been C. should be D. would be
55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning
A. start B. started C. would start D. had started
56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came
57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead
A. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have studied
58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week
A. were not, could have climb
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