听力对话场景及词汇.doc

听力对话场景及词汇（全面版）资料
听力对话的场景及相关词汇归纳
听力对话部分都是一个个场景，即生活中的某个片断。在毫无准备的情况下，让考生去判断对话两人短短几句话的内容，无疑是很难的。所以我们应对听力对话的一个首要办法就是在头脑中“预存”一些考试常用的场景，看到或听到几个关键词就能迅速反应出可能是属于哪个场景的，这样理解其对话内容来就容易多了。
四级听力对话的场景总结出来基本上有三类：学校生活（最多），公共场合，日常生活如：学习选课场景、打工场景、天气场景、看病场景、图书馆场景、论文场景、租房场景、出行场景、餐馆场景、减肥场景、丢东西捡东西场景、电脑场景、度假场景、选校场景等等。
场景词汇的概念：某个场景所经常使用或专门使用的词汇。我们一听到或看到这些词汇马上就能与特定场景联系起来，从而迅速进入状态，更好的理解对话内容。甚至有时可以从选项中的场景词汇推断对话的场景，可能谈到的内容方向，以及可能问什们问题。
对场景词汇的掌握应到什么程度：听力对话中的词汇都是比较简单的，因此最起码应该全部认知。在此基础上，应该对这些词的发音十分熟悉，做到一听到马上能做出反应。所以对这部分词汇的要求要比词汇题、阅读题的高，要会读会听。
1.学校场景：新生入学报到场景、课程设置及规定介绍场景、家庭作业分析场景、课堂演示场景，师生咨询场景，评论老师
⑴选课：
course 课程 take courses 选课 required courses/ compulsory courses 必修课
elective courses/ optional courses 选修课 specialized course专业课 basic course基础课
credit 学分 major 专业  
关于学科的单词

literature文学  
math/mathematics 数学              
philosophy哲学
history历史                  
art艺术
sociology社会学              
linguistics语言学
psychology心理学            
engineering工程学
architecture建筑学            
business商务
law法学                    
economics经济学
marketing 市场营销
finance 金融学                
accounting会计学
banking银行学              
biochemistry生物化学
例句：
1)        I’m thinking of five courses next semester.
Wouldn’t four be wiser?
2)        You took an optional course this semester, didn’t you?
⑵讲课、听课、听讲座、评论老师：
attend a lecture上课        
miss a class缺课 (可能会涉及到生病看病场景)
cut a class/ play a truant 旷课            
lecture 演讲
handout 上课老师发的印刷品，阅读材料
class list 学生名单
catch sb’s words 听清某人的话（可能涉及到同意不同意他的观点的讨论）
follow sb 能跟上某人的思路，能听懂某人的话
confused 迷惑的，不懂的 confusing 让人摸不着头脑的
schedule=school timetable课程表
例句：
1)        She becomes nervous when it comes to learning mathematics.
2)        Do you mind if I borrow your notes?
3)        I can’t leave now. I have an appointment with my professor at three o’clock.
4)        Weren’t you nervous when the professor called on you in the class?
 I’d say I was shaking all over.
5)        My teacher thinks I’m making progress.
6)        I find the lessons well worth the time and trouble.
7)     I’d better read one of the articles for our political science class.
8)     Would you like have a copy of professor Smith’s article?
Thanks, if it’s not too much trouble.
9)     It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I understand.
10)        The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.
11)        Why don’t you come in office hours?
12)        Professor White’s presentation seemed to go on forever. I was barely able to stay awake.
 How could you sleep through it? It was one of the best that I have ever heard on this topic.
 It’s very important to the mission we are going to carry out.
⑶作业
a.书面作业（论文，报告）
assignment/homework 作业 project 研究课题 （直接理解为“作业”即可）
paper/thesis/article 论文 term paper 学期论文 essay 短论文，文章
survey 调查 investigation 调查 research 研究，查询资料，可能会涉及到library图书馆场景
report 报告deadline 最后期限 meet the deadline 按时完成rewrite 重写，改写
revise 修订，修改写论文的步骤及可能出现的情况：第一步，选题topic，选题难，范围广。第二步，查询资料research，图书馆场景。第三步，打出论文。typewriter 打字机，computer 计算机，printer 打印机，laser printer 激光打印机，laptop 笔记本电脑。论文没打完，typewriter/computer坏了break down ，或者typewriter需要新的色带ribbon或者printer没墨ink了。
b. presentation 口头演讲，口头报告, 针对某一专题进行的发言：
同义词：report, speech, address。
考点：I. 着装正式 formal clothes（考试中另一个考到着装正式的考点是interview面试）
穿便装 wear casual clothes (sportswear, sports suit, jeans, jacket)
         II. 演讲人的内心感受：nervous紧张的 calm 平静的，镇定的 cool 冷静的
c. reading assignment 阅读作业：
文科学生reading list读书清单。抱怨需要读的书多。

professor 教授
associate professor副教授
tutor 导师
lecturer 讲师
teaching assistant助教TA
dean 系主任
president 大学校长
faculty/teaching staff 教职员工的总称

例句:
1)     Tom looks awfully nervous, doesn’t he?
I’m afraid he’s not used to making speeches.
2)        If I were you though, I’d rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.
3)        But you have to revise some parts of it, I’m afraid, if you want to get it published.
4)        How are you getting on with you essay, Mary? I’m having a real hard time with mine.
After two sleepless nights, I’m finally through with it.
⑷校园生活：
campus 校园 on campus 在学校
tuition/tuition fee学费                
canteen 餐厅
dining hall 食堂
cafeteria 自助小餐厅
accommodation 住宿
dorm/dormitory 宿舍
dormmate  / roommate   同宿舍的人
boarder住宿生              
commuter 走读生
laboratory/lab 实验室
after-school activities课外活动
student union 学生会
society 学生社团
club 学生俱乐部
parking lot 停车场
parking regulations 停车规定
shopping mall 购物中心
teaching building 教学楼/教室楼
lecture theatre 大教室/阶梯教室
administrating office/admin office 行政办公室

apple pie 苹果派（好吃）
在考题中形容apple pie好吃的句子举例如下：
(1) Even my mother's can't match this.
(2) I took the last one, and it was out of the world.
(3) You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.
(5)考试、毕业：

semester/term学期            
examination/exam/test 考试
midterm （examination） 期中考试
final examination 期末考试
quiz小测验    
open-book exam开卷考
pop test抽考                
oral/written exam 口试/笔试
review 复习
go over one’s note 复习笔记
stay up熬夜
bring sb. up to date 帮某人赶上功课
draw near/approach （考试）临近
school record 成绩单
pass/ fail/ make up an exam 通过/未通过考试/补考
mark/score/grade分数 ，成绩  
full marks 满分 
scholarship/ fellowship奖学金
department 系，部
graduate school 研究生院
undergraduate 本科生（在校大学生）
postgraduate/graduate student 研究生
degree 学位
Bachelor’s degree 学士学位
Master’s degree硕士学位              
Doctor’s degree博士学位 （PhD）
diploma=graduation certificate毕业证书
graduation ceremony=commencement毕业典礼 drop out (of school) 辍学              
quit school退学
expel sb from school开除

例句：
1)     I am worried about those classes I missed when I was sick.
2)     I’ll try to bring you up-to-date on what I’ve done.
3)     I heard you’ve got full marks in the math exam. Congratulations.
4)        I failed in the physics exam again in spite of all the efforts I made.
5)        Should he do that when the final exam is drawing near?

(6)打工、找工作场景
a.搜集工作信息，来源如下：classified ad 分类广告  help and wanted section 供求关系版
      bulletin board 公告板  flier 传单
b.打 确认工作是否还有空缺vacancy, position available
申请某个公司或职位 apply for/to fill in/ fill out/ fill up application form 填写申请表 application letter 申请信
公司招聘雇员 recruit employees
c.准备工作简历resume
d.面试interview：需携带证书certificates；需出示身份证明identification；判断你是否具有 qualification；出示推荐信reference letter
自己能胜任 fit for/ qualified for/ competent
自己有竞争力 competitive vigorous/energetic (精力充沛的)
f.得到了工作：get the offer
遭到拒绝：turn down/ reject

工作、职业类词汇
job opportunity, job-hunt, apply for, application form, give impression, promote, position, vacancy, experience, gains and losses, part-time job, full-time job, interview, give sb an offer
例句：
1)        How do you manage to work and go to school at the same time?
2)        It was the third time Ranger had phoned me to say he had a new job.
3)        It’s a letter from the company where I applied for the job.
4)        If you tried typing every day, you’d see what it’s like.
5)        If I were you, I’d accept the job.
6)        I turned down the offer because it would mean frequent business trips away from my family.
7)        You seem very confident about the job interview, don’t you?
8)        I feel ready for it.
9)        It says they want a junior sales manager and it seems like a big company.
10)     That’ll be good, for you might have to travel a lot.
11)     I spent so much time polishing my letter of application.
12)     It’s worthwhile to make the effort. You know just how important it is to give a good impression.

(7)新生入学及入学后大致过程
attend/go to college 上大学
register/enroll enrolment (登记、报到、注册)  
opening ceremony（开学典礼）
orientation meeting（介绍会）指学校综合情况
course arrangement 课程安排
letter of recommendation 推荐信
programme /program 某一专业的课程总称
school 学院
assessment 对学生的学习情况进行评估
attendance/participation 出勤
office hour 教授与学生面谈的时间
auditor=guest student旁听生
orientation program新生训练
teaching facilities教学设施    
assistantship助学金
room and board食宿
auditorium礼堂              
academic year/ period of schooling学习年限 ,学年 
credit system学分制
English evening英语晚会      
school discipline校纪        

(8)教育体系

kindergarten幼儿园          
elementary education初等教育
secondary education中等教育  
higher education高等教育
adult education成人教育      
open admission免试入学制
day-care center幼儿园（美）  
nursery school托儿所
primary/elementary school小学（英/美）
secondary school中学          
coeducation男女生同校制度
junior high school初中        
senior high school高中
attached middle school附中    
technical school技校
polytechnic institute理工学院/科技大学
key school重点中学
graduate school研究生院      
open university夜大、函大
private school私立学校        
public school公立学校
universal education普及教育    
educationist/educator教育家

2.餐馆、就餐场景：

⑴餐馆：restaurant, dining hall 餐馆、食堂
bar, café 酒吧、咖啡馆
buffet, cafeteria 自助餐厅
eat out 在外面吃，去饭馆吃
napkin.餐巾,餐巾纸
menu 菜单

⑵预订、服务、付帐：
waiter, waitress
make a reservation/ reserve/book a table 预订
serve （food, drink…） 供应/提供（某种食物、饮料等）
What do you order? / Can I take your order? (侍者)请客人点菜
What do you recommend? 你有什么推荐？
bill, pay one’s bill 付账、买单
go Dutch 各人付自己的帐 （AA制）
tip 小费
treat sb. to sth 请客，款待某人吃什么东西

⑶食品类别、食物名称：
western food, Chinese food, fast food, fried food（油炸食品）,
dessert（饭后甜点）, salad, soup, bread, pizza, pie, sandwich, cheese, cream, hamburger, beef, steak, seafood
beverage（饮料）, whisky, beer, wine, soft drink
rice, noodle, snack (小吃)
barbecue(烧烤), picnic (野餐)
dressing/seasoning（调味品,调料）

⑷餐具：
tableware, folk, knife, plate, spoon

⑸感觉：
I’m full, hungry, starved
好：delicious, incredible（难以置信的,非常好的）
糟糕：horrible, terrible
get/ be on a diet,

例句:
1)        No, thank you. I’m not used to cold drinks in the morning.
2)        I heard there’s a good Japanese restaurant nearby. Would you like to go there for lunch? 
Yes, but it’s my treat this time.
3)        Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right away.
4)        How about the food I ordered? I’ve been waiting for twenty minutes already.
 I’ll be back with your order in a minute. 我马上回来就给你上菜｡
5)        I don’t feel like going out. Why don’t we just stay home and watch TV instead?
6)        I’m starving. I can’t walk any further.
Let’s go the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.

3.图书馆、书店场景：

图书馆
catalogue =catalog 图书编号
bookshelf, stacks 许多书架、书库
volume （书的）卷，册
edition 版本
copy 一本、一份
novel, fiction 小说
magazine, journal（定期刊物）, periodical（期刊）, quarterly（季刊）, textbook, reference book（参考书-一般不得借出图书馆）, latest issue 最新一期

library, librarian
check out（①借出书籍②结帐离开）, check-out（付帐离开处）结帐对比check-up（检查），
due （书）到期 overdue 过期 return 归还 renew 续借 fine 罚款
borrow 主语从别人处借书
lend 主语借给别人书

书店：
out of stock（无货）, in stock（有货）, order（订书）, out of print（已绝版的）, bookstore, shelf, on sale, paperback edition（简装本）, hard cover（精装本）, author

例句：
1)        Jack, I can’t find Volume Ten. Could you check for me who borrowed it?
It’s on the upper shelf, next to Volume Two.
2)        Did you find the book for your reading assignment in the library?
  I had no idea it closes so early on weekends.
3)     Do you have the paperback edition of the dictionary?
The hardcover is on sale for the same price as the paperback.
4)     It looks like you bought out the store.
5)        That book has been out of print for some time now.

4.医院、看病场景：

医院：
hospital, infirmary 学校医务室
students health center（学生健康中心）
medical center（医疗中心）
clinic（诊所）
ward（病房）-注意：send him to ward会误听为send him towards, emergency department/ emergency room（急诊室）
surgery, operation room, health needs, health service, health care

医生、病人：
doctor, dentist, patient
检查、诊断、开处方、治疗：
examination, diagnose, treatment
prescribe（开处方）；prescription（n.处方）； fill the prescription（按方抓药）；refill the prescription（还按原方抓药）
take one’s temperature, give sb. an injection, X-ray, blood pressure, doctor’s order
checkup 身体检查，体检

病名、病情：
suffer from… 患着什么病，受什么病折磨
(my leg, foot…)hurts (腿，脚)很痛
symptom, vomit（呕吐）, high temperature, a sore throat, headache, high blood pressure, stomachache, heart disease, lung, cancer, fever, bleeding（出血）, cold, hurt, dizzy（晕眩的）, cough, detect diseases, flu, injury, twist ankle, sneeze
get sick, serious, severe, get worse and worse, feel tired, be worn out, sore, painful
recover
injure, injured injury
acute （疼痛）剧烈的；（病人，病）急性的
药品：
tablet, pill, medicine, OTC=over-the-counter mediine（非处方药）, aspirin, pain-killer（止痛药）, dose, dosage 剂量，一剂，一服
看病常用语：
make an appointment预约
How are you feeling? 用于对方生病时打招呼。How are you doing? 普通打招呼
out of bed 离开床了
What’s the matter with you?
Are you felling better?
be with a patient, see the doctor, May I take your temperature?
治疗 treat（过程）；治愈 cure（结果） study 表过程；learn 表结果。search 表过程；find 表结果。try 表过程；manage 表结果
lose/put on weight 减肥/增肥
be/get on a diet 正在节食
do exercise/ work out 做运动，锻炼身体
例句:
1)        Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?
 I’m still examining. I’ll let you know the result next week.
2)        My stomach aches. Maybe the seafood doesn’t agree with me.
3)        I can’t complain. At least I’m out of bed.
4)        Why didn’t you make an appointment to see the doctor last week when you first twisted your ankle?
The injury didn’t seem serious then. I decided to go today. Because my foot still hurts when I put my weight on it.
5)        I’d love to, but I’m getting over my cold. 我想是想,但是我的感冒还正在恢复呢｡
5.旅馆、宾馆场景：
reception 前台，接待处 receptionist 前台接待员
make a reservation/ reserve/book a room 预订房间
check in 入住登记，开房 check out 结帐离开，退房
There is one room available. 有一个房间。
句：
1)        I sent a letter to make a reservation for a single room a few days ago.
Sorry, your request arrived too late.
2)        I believe you have a room booked for me. 我想你们有一个房间是我预定的。
It’s a single room with a bath, on the second floor.
3)        I hope it will suit you, sir.
6.机场、车站、交通场景：
机场、机票：
airlines/airline company 航空公司 airport, check-in counter, booking office（售票处）, flight reservation（机票预定）, luggage check（行李票）, confirm the flight（确认航班）, airticket,
wing（②机翼，①侧面建筑（常用于去展览馆），③鸡翅）; terminal（①候机大厅，②终端-常用，③终点站）
人员：
air hostess, captain, pilot, crew, passenger
推迟、取消、按时、及时：
delay=put off = postpone, cancel, on time, in time, date of departure（起飞时间）, arrival / departure time（到港/离港时间）
飞机、航班：
airplane, flight, airline, airliner（定期班机、客机） jet, non-stop flight（直达航班）, window seat, fasten-seat belt sign（安全带指示灯）, safety-belt（安全带）, first-class（头等舱）, economy class（经济舱）
登机、飞行、起飞、降落：
gate（登机口）, Gate No. XXX（几号登机口） board a plane, on board 在飞机上，登上飞机 boarding card（登机牌）, take off（起飞、脱衣服）；land（降落）；circle 盘旋； arrival, departure（起程、起飞）, transfer（转机，换车）, passport, visa
事故、故障：
mechanical problem,
accident, drunk driving, drunk driver, danger, shock, hurt, damage, kill, repair, fix, one-way street, sign, break d