英语修辞专题培训市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Figure of speech,Week 18,第1页,The old mans face was wrinkled.,Her eyes are bright.,My teacher is very strict.,The ducks and the bees are making noises.,The moonlight made Maria sad.,第2页,Simile,（明喻）,;,Metaphor,（隐喻）,;,Metonymy,（借喻）,;,Synecdoche,（提喻）,;,Euphemism,（委婉语）,;,Irony,（反语）,;,Overstatement,（,hyperbole,）,and understatement,（夸大与轻描淡写）,;,Transferred epithet,（转移修饰）,;,Oxymoron,（矛盾修饰）,;,Alliteration,（头韵）,第3页,Simile,1.Definition:,It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the words:“as”,“like”,or some other words.,第4页,2.Basic characteristics,a.,Tenor and vehicle belong to different categories.,b.,There is one point of resemblance between tenor and vehicle.,For example:,1)And then Della leaped up,like a little singed cat,and cried:“Oh,oh!”(O.Henry:“The Gift of Magi”),2)He bellowed,like a bull seeking combat,.,The man is like a cock who thinks that the sun rises to his crow.,第5页,Metaphor,Definition,It is like a simile,also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,but unlike a simile,this comparison is implied rather than stated.,e.g.(1-3),and more on page 23,Age is my alarm clock,A carpet of green grass covered the,slopes of the mountain.,The ship plows the sea.,第6页,Comparison between simile and metaphor,Simile,Happiness is like sunshine,:It is made up of very little beams.,Metaphor:,The sunshine of ha,p,piness,is made up of very little beams.,第7页,Personification,Definition:,In personification,a thing or an idea is treated as if it were human or had human qualities.It gives human form,character,quality or sensibility to animals,plants,objects,ideas or abstractions.,Eg:(1-5),1)Flowers peeped us from among the leaves.,2)The buffalo comes down to the bank and subsides,with a groan of satisfaction into the mud.,3)Actions speak louder than words.,4)I watched the moonlight dancing on the ripples of,the lake.,5)Words pay no debts.,第8页,Metonymy,Definition,When one thing is closely associated with another thing,the name of one thing is substituted for that of another.,Exercise:Each of the following sentences contains metonymy.Underline the words or phrase used metonymically.Explain it in your own words.,1.What is leant in the cradle is carried to the grade.2.Many people like rosy cheeks.,3.The tourists are exhausted and took a rest under the shade.4.His purse would not allow him to live a luxurious life.,1 cradle:when very young 2 rosy cheeks:healthy and lovely people 3 shade:cool places 4 purse:income,第9页,Synecdoche,Definition,Synecdoche emphasizes the relationship between a part and the whole.When they are substituted for each other,the synecdoche takes place.,e.g.(1-4),and more on page 25,Our neighbor just bought a new motor.,You are a noble heart.,I doubt if there was an eye in England who,wept for his death.,Then he cut me and took an appendix and,stitches me up again.,第10页,Euphemism,Definition:,It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one,which aims to soften harsh reality by ordinary people or deceive the public by politicians.,e.g.,and more on page 26,Her grandfather abandoned the world the day before yesterday.,第11页,Irony,Definition,In rhetorical figures of irony,the words are used clearly oppositely in meaning to achieve a special effect.,She talked about great people as if she had the fee-simple of May Fair,and when the court went into mourning,she always wore black.,她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人，那口气竟好像她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事，她没有一回不穿孝。,第12页,Hyperbole,1.Definition,Hyperbole is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve a sense of humor or to leave deep impression by presenting strong feeling or emotion.,e.g.(1-5),His words made my blood freeze.,He is on the top of the world.,He is tickled to death.,We are dying to know it.,You think Im joking,but I am deadly serious.,2.Hyperbole is achieved by using exaggerated similes or metaphors.,eg:He smoked like a chimney.,You are sitting on a volcano,which might erupt any moment.,第13页,Understatement,Definition:Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole.It is achieved by emphasizing a fact by deliberately(,有意地,)understating it.,e.g.(1-2),Even though I was the president of the class,I did not do much,besides organizing all the events during the school year,and helping out fellow classmates.I was kind of sick the other day;,it really wasnt that bad,besides that I broke my arm and my leg.,第14页,Transferred Epithet,Definition:,In transferred epithet,an adjective or a descriptive phrase is used to modify a noun which has totally different nature from this adjective or descriptive phrase.,e.g.,Winter covers the earth in,forgetful snow.,The doctors face expressed a kind of doubting admiration.,医生脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑神情。,第15页,He was outside in the cold.,He was outside in the pitiless cold.,Hans shrugged.,Hans shrugged a scornful shoulder.,His stories achieved nothing but meaningless laughs.,His stories achieves nothing but cheap laughs.,第16页,Oxymoron,Definition:,It is to use apparently contradictory terms together to express complicated ideas or meaningful philosophies.,e.g.,(1-2),sweet sorrow,忧喜参半,(,不是甜蜜悲伤,),；,proud humility,不卑不亢,(,不是骄傲谦卑,),第17页,Alliteration,Definition,In alliteration,the same initial consonant sound appears more than two times in a phrase.,e.g.as,p,roud as,p,eacock,a,m,iserable,m,erry Christmas,悲喜交加圣诞节,P,ractice makes,p,erfect.,熟能生巧,h,ome and,h,earth,家园,f,riend and,f,oe,敌友,第18页,Assignment:,Ex IV&V on page 39-40 in the taxtbook.,第19页,