2022年四级翻译热点词.doc

【TRANSLATION】

专项一 中国节日及有关体现

春节 the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year
农历正月初一 the first day of the first lunar month
农历 lunar calendar
年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning
春联 Spring Festival couplets
年画 New Year pictures
剪纸 paper-cuts
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
饺子 jiaozi
春晚 Spring Festival Gala
守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve
除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year
辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new
拜年 pay a New Year visit
红包 red packets
压岁钱 lucky money
放爆竹 let off firecrackers
庙会 temple fair
禁忌 taboo

元宵节 Lantern Festival
农历正月十五 15th day of the first lunar month
元宵 rice dumplings
花灯 festival lantern
灯谜 lantern riddle
灯会 exhibit of lanterns
烟花 fireworks

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival
农历五月初五 5th of the fifth lunar month
粽子 zongzi
糯米 sticky rice
粽叶 bamboo leaves
舞龙 dragon dance
舞狮 lion dance
踩高跷 stilt walking
赛龙舟 dragon-boat racing
纪念 in memory of
屈原 Quyuan
诗人 poet
忠臣 loyal minister

清明节 Tomb-sweeping Day
寒食节 Cold Food Festival
祭拜祖先 offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors
扫墓 sweep graves of one’s ancestors or loved ones
踏青 go for a spring outing

中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival
农历八月十五 15th of the eighth lunar month
月饼 moon cake
赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon
中国神话故事 Chinese mythology
嫦娥 Chang’e
后羿 Hou Yi
长生不老 be immortal

重阳节 Double Ninth Day
赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum
登高 climb a height
七夕节 Double Seventh Day /Chinese Valentine's Day
银河 the Milky Way
鹊桥 bridge of magpies
牛郎 Cowherd
织女 the Weaving Maid
王母娘娘 the Queen of Heaven
乞巧 praying-for-cleverness
女红 needlework

专项二 中国文化及有关体现

Part 1 中国文化
四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
火药 gunpowder
印刷术 printing
造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compass
文房四宝” Four Treasures of the Study
笔 writing brush
墨 ink stick
纸 paper
砚 ink slab
书法 calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画 Chinese brush painting
雕刻 sculpture
泥人 clay figure
武术 martial arts
京剧 Peking opera
昆曲 Kunqu opera
相声 cross talk
中药 traditional Chinese medicine
中国结 Chinese knot
唐装 Tang suit
四合院 courtyard house
红茶 black tea
绿茶 green tea
功夫茶 Gongfu tea
火锅 hot pot

Part 2 中国文学
四大名著 four major classical novels
《三国演义》 The Romance of Three Kingdoms
《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions
《水浒传》 Outlaw of the Marshes
《西游记》 Journey to the West
四书 The Four Books
《大学》 The Great Learning
《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》 Analects of Confucius
《孟子》 The Mencius
五经 The Five Classics
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《书经》 The Book of History
《易经》 The Book of Changes
《礼记》 the Book of Rites
《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals

Part 3 中国古代哲学家及有关体现
哲学家 philosopher
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
孙子 Sun Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
儒学 Confucian School
孔庙 Temple of Confucius
《孙子兵法》 The Art of War

Part 4 中国历史及有关体现
封建旳 feudal
朝代 dynasty
春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period
战国时期 the Warring States Period
隋唐时期 the Sui and Tang dynasties
明清时期 Ming and Qing dynasties
秦始皇 the First Emperor of Qin
君主 monarch
皇帝 emperor
皇太后 Empress Dowager
丞相 prime minister
大臣 minister
忠臣 loyal minister
中华文明 Chinese civilization
丝绸之路 the Silk Road
西域 western countries
历史遗迹 historical site
文化遗产 cultural heritage
文物 cultural relics
科举制 imperial examination for recruiting civil servants

专项三 社会篇有关体现

改革开放 reform and opening up
小康社会 a well-to-do society
奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life
人民生活 people’s livelihood
生活水平 living standards
生活质量 quality of life
改善民生 improve people’s wellbeing
住房条件 housing conditions
生活条件 living conditions
共同富裕 shared prosperity
社会稳定 social stability
衣食住行 food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling
厉行节省 practice economy
缩小收入差距 narrow the income gap
人均收入 average income per capita
文化限度 educational level
城乡居民 urban citizen
失业保障 unemployment security
人口问题 the issue of population
全面发展 all-round development
发达国家 developed country
发展中国家 developing country
人口老龄化 population aging
养老 provision for the aged
养老保险 old-age insurance
社会保险 social insurance
筹划生育 family planning
独生子女政策 one-child policy
都市人口 urban population
农业人口 agriculture population
普查 census
社会事业 social programs
人才市场 talent market
人才交流 talent exchange
人才外流 brain drain
应届高校毕业生 new college graduate
农民工 rural migrant worker
公务员 civil servant
市民 citizen
名人 celebrity
残疾人 the disabled
就业率 employment rate
失业率 unemployment rate
出生率 birth rate
死亡率 mortality rate
寿命 life span
贫困地区 poverty-stricken region
欠发达地区 underdeveloped area
挣脱贫困 shake off poverty
生活困难 be badly-off
用电量 electricity consumption
森林覆盖率 forest coverage
产业构造 industrial structure
创历史新高 an all-time high
战略性新兴产业 strategic emerging industries
基本设施 infrastructure
南水北调 South-to-North Water Diversion Project
自然灾害 natural disasters
本土化 localization
体力劳动 manual labor
可持续发展 sustainable development
沙尘暴 sandstorm

专项四 中国经济有关体现

国民生产总值 Gross National Product (GNP)
国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
国有公司 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy
市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy
扩大内需 expand domestic demand
宏观调控 macro control
按劳分派 distribution according to one’s performance
城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents
劳动力 labor
综合国力 overall national strength
公有制 public ownership
私有制 private ownership
私营公司 private business
中小公司 small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
跨国公司 multinational corporation
网络经济 Internet-based economy
经济规律 law of economy
大规模生产 mass production
生产力 productive forces
年均增长率 average growth rate per annum
可持续增长 sustainable growth
经济效益 economic returns
经济增长 economic growth
经济波动 economic fluctuation
衰退 recession
提高经济效益 enhance economic performance
扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making business into a profitable one
优化经济构造 optimize economic structure
经济构造战略性调节 strategic adjustment of the economic structure
优化消费构造 optimize the consumption structure
产业构造升级 upgrading of an industrial structure
产业格局 industrial pattern
高新技术产业 high and new technology industries
经济特区 special economic zones
繁华与稳定 prosperity and stability
经济交流 economic exchange
运用外资 utilization of foreign capital
投资 investment
知识产权 intellectual property rights
版权 copyright
商标 trademark
专利 patent
电子商务 e-business
循环经济 recycling economy
个人所得税 personal income tax
税收政策 tax policy
试点工程 pilot project
经济带 economic belts
经济全球化 economic globalization
财政和货币政策 fiscal and monetary policies

专项五 中国科技有关体现

科技是第毕生产力 science and technology constitute a primary productive force
科技体制改革 reform of the science and technology management system
技术密集产品 technology-intensive product
科技含量 technology content
尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology
研究开发 research and development
治理污染 curb the environmental pollution
水循环运用工厂water recycling plant
核电站 nuclear power plant
非化石能源发电量 electricity generated from non-fossil energy
新粒子 new particle
H7N9病毒 H7N9 virus
应用科学 applied science
3D打印 3D printing
人造器官 artificial organ
顶层设计 the top layer design
节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction
工业升级 industrial upgrading
构造性障碍 structural obstacle
资源运用率 resource utilization rate
高速铁路 high-speed rail
科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development
科技发展 scientific and technological advancement
生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture
创新 innovation
高科技园区 high-tech park
国家重点实验室 national key laboratory
研究成果 research result
新兴学科 new branch of science
人工智能 artificial intelligence
信息高速公路 information superhighway
网民 netizen
网上购物 online shopping
网上交易平台 online trading platform
“宽带中国”战略 China's broadband strategy
产能 production capacity
神舟十号the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft
嫦娥三号 The Chang'e-3 lunar lander

专项六 中国教育有关体现

素质教育 education for all-round development
应试教育 exam-oriented education
填鸭式教学 cramming method of learning
义务教育 compulsory education
高等教育 higher education
一般高校 regular institution of higher learning
就业服务和职业培训 employment services and vocational skills training
综合性大学 comprehensive university
重点大学 key university
减轻学生承当 reduce burden for students
应届高校毕业生new college graduates
招生办公室 admission office
入学考试 entrance examination
高考 college entrance examination
研究生入学考试 postgraduate entrance examination
入学资格 admission qualification
升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
奖学金 scholarship
学费 tuition
专业课 course within one’s major
必修课 required course
选修课 optional course
学分制 credit system
毕业论文 graduation thesis
毕业证书 graduation certificate
学生会 students’ union
学历 record of formal schooling
中小学生 primary and secondary school student
本科生 undergraduate
研究生postgraduate
同窗 classmate
专家 professor
副专家 associate professor
讲师 lecturer
助教 teaching assistant
教育界 education circle
教育投入 input in education
学前教育 preschool education
智力引进 introduce talents
课外活动 extracurricular activity