环境科学与工程专业英语词汇必备.doc

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环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。环境学总论原生环境primary environment 次生环境secondary environment 生态示范区ecological demonstrate area 环境地质学environmental geology 环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science 环境微生物学environmental microbiology 环境危机environmental crisis 环境保护environmental protection 环境预测environmental forecasting 环境自净environmental self-purification 环境效应environmental effect 环境容量environmental capacity 环境演化evolution of environment 环境舒适度environmental comfort 环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value 环境保护产业（环境保护产业）environmental production industry 环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution 可持续发展sustainable development 第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem 悬浮物suspended solids 一次污染物primary pollutant 二次污染物secondary pollutant 全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge 可更新资源renewable resources 不可更新资源non-renewable resources 自然保护区natural reserve area 防护林protection forest 公害public nuisance 矿山公害mining nuisance 工业废水industrial waste water 矿山废水mining drainage 生活饮用水domestic potable water 草原退化grassland degeneration 沙漠化desertification 人口压力population pressure 人口净增率rate of population 全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS 中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection “三同步”原则principle of “the three at the same time” 二噁英公害dioxine nuisance 马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora 伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London 水俣病事件minamata disease incident 骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident 洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode 四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode 米糠油事件Yusho disease incident 环境地学水圈hydrosphere 水循环water circulation 地面水（地表水）surface water 水位water level 下渗（入渗）sinking 蒸发evaporation 最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity 流量discharge 洪水期flood season 枯水期low-water season 冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum 层间水interlayer water 承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water 孔隙水void water 岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water 径流runoff flow 地表径流runoff 地下水ground water 流域保护water basin protection 淡水fresh water 咸水saltwater 降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation 降水强度intensity of precipitation 水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment 水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss 点源污染point source pollution 面源污染non-point source pollution 扩散diffusion 涡流eddy current 涡流扩散eddy diffusion 富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water 污水sewage 漫灌flood irritation 水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids 悬浮固体suspended solids 总溶解固体total dissolved solids 河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification 富营养化eutrophication 富营养湖eutrophic lake 中营养湖mesotrophic lake 贫营养湖oligotrophic lake 水库reservoir 海洋处置sea disposal 海底采样sea floor sample 赤潮（红潮）red tide 海水淡化desalination of seawater 海底沉积物sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping 水质water quality 水资源综合运用water resource integrated utilization 水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整改channel improvement 水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity 水利工程hydro-engineering 水体自净self-purification of water body 水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment 土地处理系统land treatment system 土地沙漠化land desertification 土壤肥力soil fertility 土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity 土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution 土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination 土壤酸化soil acidification 母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material 土壤剖面soil profile 腐殖质化humification 淋溶作用leaching 土壤改良soil improvement 土壤粒级soil separate 土壤质地soil texture 缓冲作用buffering/buffer action 缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量buffer capacity 盐基饱和度base saturation percentage 浇灌irrigation 富里酸fuvic acid 胡敏素humin 土壤团聚体soil aggregate 土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality 污水浇灌wastewater irrigation 臭氧层ozone layer 降水precipitation 降水量rainfall 降水强度 precipitation intensity 大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity 事后评价afterwards assessment 烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust 温室效应greenhouse effect 大气扩散atmospheric diffusion 烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume 逆温inversion 环境生物学生境habitat 耐受极限limits of tolerance 最小因子定律law of minimum 生物检测bioassay 环境胁迫environmental stress 生物多样性bio-diversity 生态位niche 生命周期life cycle 生态型ecotype 自养生物autotrophy 异养生物heterotroph 指数增长exponential growth 互利共生mutualism 偏利共生commensalisms 寄生parasitism 衍生物derivative 杀虫剂insecticide 杀菌剂fungicide 除草剂herbicide 防腐剂preservative 杀鼠剂rodenticide 无残留农药non-persistent pesticide 植物性农药phytopesticide 污水浇灌sewage irrigation 世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site 储量stock 过度捕捉over-hunting; over-fishing 猎（渔）期open season 农业残渣agricultural dregs 赤潮red tide 藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom 原生污染物primary pollutant 次生污染物secondary pollutant 急性毒性试验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chronic toxicity test 预备试验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test 稀释dilution 归宿fate 生物积累bioaccumulation 生物浓缩bioconcentration 生物放大biomagnification 生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation 生物营养物质biotic nutrient 多污生物带polysaprobic zone 中污生物带mesosaprobic zone 寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone 敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species 生物滤池biological filter 净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond 生物膜biomembrane; biological film 轮作crop rotation 间作intercropping 套种interplanting 基塘模式farm land and fish pond model 防护林带shelter belt 沼气marsh gas 农家肥farm manure 堆肥piled manure 都市热岛效应urban heat island effect 都市生态规划urban ecological planning 环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors 边缘效应edge effect 生态恢复ecological restoration 恢复生态学restoration ecological 环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury 镉米cadmium rice 农药残留pesticide residue 有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide 有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调整剂growth regulator 化学致癌物chemical carcinogen 表面活性剂surfactant 多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis 臭氧化ozonization 光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant 过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降dry deposition 湿沉降wet deposition 光化学烟雾photochemical smog 大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry 降水化学precipitation chemistry 气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry 悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate 总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP) 飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle 降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust 气溶胶aerosol 水质water quality 盐度salinity 氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential 溶解氧dissolved oxygen 化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand 总有机碳total organic carbon 溶解度solubility 汇集aggregation 絮凝flocculation 凝聚coagulation 离子互换ion exchange 萃取extraction 缓冲溶液buffer solution 氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model 吸取剂(吸附剂)absorbent 活性炭active carbon 氧化剂oxidant 还原剂reductant 胶团micelle 胶体溶液colloidal solution 脱硫剂desulfurization agent 电渗析electrodialysis 萃取剂extracting agent 过滤filter 絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent 无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant 有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane 硅胶silica gel 蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation 超滤膜ultrafilter membrane 敏捷度sensitivity 精确度accuracy 精密度precision 可靠性reliability 检测限detection limit 相对误差relative error 绝对误差absolute error 偶尔误差accidental error 平均偏差mean deviation 采样误差sampling error 原则溶液standard solution 原则物质standard substance 容许误差allowable error 容许浓度allowable concentration 微量分析microanalysis 痕量分析trace analysis 现场分析in-situ analysis 仪器分析instrumental analysis 水质分析water quality analysis 比色分析colorimetric analysis 沉降分析sedimentation analysis 自动分析automatic analysis 原子吸取分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸取分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer 原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry 原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer 电化学分析法electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph 气相色谱分析gas chromatography 气相色谱仪gas chromatograph 采样器sampler 大气采样器air sampler 底泥采样器sediment sampler pH计pH meter 湿度计hygrometer 固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution 移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution 固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution 移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution 污染负荷pollution load 污染源调查survey of pollution sources 无污染工艺pollution-free technology 无污染装置 pollution-free installation 污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution 水质参数water quality parameter 水温water temperature 色度color index 透明度transparency 混浊度turbidity 硬度hardness 感官污染指标sensuous pollution index 毒理学污染指标physical pollution index 化学污染指标chemical pollution index 细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index 毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 都市污水municipal sewage 生活污水domestic sewage 工业废水industrial wastewater 常规分析指标index of routine analysis 环境监测environmental monitoring 过程监测course monitoring 污染物排放原则pollution discharge standard 总量排放原则total amount of pollution discharge standard 优先监测priority monitoring 环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant 总固体total solids 可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter 试验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol 空白试验值blank value 平行样duplicate samples 再现性(重现性)reproducibility 反复性repeatability 回收率recovery rate 检出限detection limit 冷原子吸取法cold-vapor atomic absorption method 紫外吸取光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry 重量分析gravimetric analysis 内标法internal marker method 定性分析qualitative analysis 定量分析quantitive analysis 试样前处理pre-treatment 均值mean value 原则差standard error 方差variation 回归分析regression analysis 有关分析correlation analysis 有关系数correlation coefficient 系统误差systematic error 随机误差random error 有效数字valid figure 农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis 排污收费effluent charge 室内空气污染indoor air pollution 水体自净self-purification of water body 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土流失soil erosion 土壤修复soil-remediation 生物修复bioremediation 光降解photodegradation 温室气体greenhouse gases 总量收费total quantity charge 超临界流体supercritical fluid 土壤采样soil pollution 环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray 紫外线ultraviolet ray 灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution 噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation 听力损失hearing loss 绝对湿度absolute humidity 相对湿度relative humidity 饱和度saturation ratio 冷凝condensation 露点温度dew point temperature 热辐射thermal radiation 比热specific heat 空气调整air conditioning 通风ventilation 环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution 环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio 迁移transfer 紊流扩散turbulent diffusion 氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit 复氧reaeration 溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved 无污染燃料pollution-free fuel 燃烧combustion 空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio 烟气分析analysis of flue gas 煤旳综合运用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization 除尘效率particle collection efficiency 分割粒径cut diameter for particles 压力损失（压力降）pressure drop 机械除尘器mechanical collector 重力沉降室gravity settling chamber 惯性除尘器inertial dust separator 旋风除尘器cyclone collector 回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector 直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector 多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector 过滤除尘器filter 袋式除尘器bag house 滤料filtration media 气布比air-to-cloth ratio 机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning 逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning 脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning 静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge 驱进速度drift velocity 集尘极collecting electrode 板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes 宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator 高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator 湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates 重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber 中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber 填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber 双膜理论two-film theory 气膜控制gas film control 液膜控制liquid film control 穿透曲线break through curve 催化剂catalyst 催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD) 湿法脱硫wet process of FGD 石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone 氨吸取法脱硫ammonia process of FGD 干法脱硫dry process FGD 吸取法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by absorption 水吸取法脱氮control of NOx by absorption process with water 酸吸取法脱氮control of NOx by absorption process with acid 碱吸取法脱氮control of NOx by absorption process with alkali 吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by adsorption 分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorption process with silica gel 气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant 生物过滤器biofilter 汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal 生物脱臭biotreatment of oder 集气罩capture hood 烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission 清洁生产cleaner production 矿山废水mining drainage 电镀废水electroplating wastewater 给水处理厂water treatment plant 污水处理厂wastewater treatment 给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure 污水集水井swage joining well 废水调整池wastewater flow equalization basin 格栅grill 筛网grid screen 沉砂池grit settling tank 曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank 立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank 圆形周围运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank 重力排砂grit discharge by gravity 水力提高排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator 水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone 沉淀池settling tank 重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank 斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank 辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank 平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank 悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier 竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank 机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation 气浮池floatation basin 加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-air floatation 微电解法micro electroanalysis 过滤池filter 重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration 慢滤池slow filtration 接触滤池contact filter 双向滤池bidirectional filter 双层滤料滤池double layer filter 无阀滤池non-valve filter 虹吸滤池siphon filter 压力滤池pressure filter V型滤池aquazur V-filter 砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer 滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer 滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank 冷却塔cooling tower 湿式氧化法wet oxidation process 反应池reaction basin 叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer 膜分离法membrane separation method 半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane 电渗析electrodialysis 反渗透reverse osmosis 离子互换膜ion exchange membrane 萃取extraction 汽提stripping 吹脱法blow-off method 臭氧氧化法ozonation 臭氧发生器ozonator 磁分离法magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 软化水处理softening water treatment 石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater 微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism 微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism 基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism 活性污泥法activated sludge process 回流污泥return sludge 剩余污泥surplus sludge 初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration 推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin 完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeratio

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