科技英语【人民邮电大学】.docx

科技英语【人民邮电大学】

资料仅供参考
Unit 1 Health

I. Vocabulary 1.略
2. Compare the words in the box with what you have listed above and make sure that you‟ve studied all of them.
Test yourself: complete the following sentences with one word chosen from the box in its proper form.
1. We have our own lives to live, and we can't let something like this interfere with our lives.

2. "It seems that a two-round election is inevitable, but I would like to say this is a one-round election - the first round will determine who will be president." he said.
3. When we experience extreme emotions it can put us off balance and lead to some unintended behavior and consequences.
4. Awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.

5. But risks must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing.

6. When he regained consciousness he was disoriented and not sure how he had gotten there.

7. When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily backfire into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.
8. First, time -- if you have enough of it -- can heal wounds.

9. If there are no problems at the point of entry, the officer will authorize you to enter Canada as a permanent resident.
10. Everyone has a story that is unique to them, but not everyone has the opportunity to tell their story to the world.
II. Word formation

1. Compounding
A Compound is a word formed by stringing together older words, like the formation of earthquake from earth and quake.
Study the following italicized words in the text and write down the correct meaning of these words in English:
1. In terms of copyright, another bone of contention, we only show a headline and a couple of lines from each story.

the heading or caption of a newspaper article
2. Wanting to get a girlfriend is fine, but expressing this early on will only backfire. come back to the originator of an action with an undesired effect
3. Perhaps boys are simply more costly to raise than girls, and would thus overtax the resources of a lone parent.
tax excessively

4. I‘ve been in the fortunate position of watching a lot of people undergo career transitions during the past several years, myself included.
go through (mental or physical states or experiences)

5. You should also have long-term goals, not only for your business but for your own career. relating to or extending over a relatively long time
2. Prefix

Complete the following table:

Original word
Prefix
Meaning of the affix
New word
Meaning of NW

evitable

in-
is added to some words to form words with the opposite meaning.

inevtable
incapable of being avoided or prevented

appear

dis-
is added to some words that describe processes, qualities, or states, in order to form words describing the opposite processes, qualities, or states.

disappear
get lost, as without warning or explanation

intended

un-
is added to the beginning of adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, in order to form words that have the opposite meaning.

unintended
not deliberate

view

pre-
is used to form words that indicate that something takes place before a
particular date, period, or

preview
an advertisement consisting of short scenes from a
motion picture that

event.

will appear in the near future

mature

im-
is added to words that begin with "m," "p," or "b" to form words with the opposite meaning.

immature
characteristic of a lack of maturity

terrorism

anti-
is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe someone or something that is opposed to a particular system, practice, or group of people.

antiterrorism
the techniques, policies, and training of special police who deal with terrorists, especially those who take hostages.

III. Language in use Attributive Clauses
1. Join each pair of the following sentences after the model.

Model: Concussion in children is a serious problem.

The problem deserves more attention.

---------Concussion in children is a serious problem that deserves more attention.

1. It rained hard yesterday.

The rain prevented me from going to the park.

It raind hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.

2. This is a critical problem.

The problem needs to be solved immediately.

This is a crictical problem which needs to be solved immediately.

3. This is a dictionary.

I want to find a dictionary.

This is a dictionary that I want to find.

4. The man is a fool.

The man lives next to us.

The man who lives next to us is a fool.

5. You must buy me the house.

The house is near Xiangshan.

You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.

2. Fill in the blanks with the words “that, which, who, whom”.

1. We can see the boys whom the teacher is talking with are quite happy.

2. This machine which I have looked after for years is still working perfectly.

3. The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
4. Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise.

5. Can you lend me the dictionary that you talked about the other day?

Text B
Content Questions:
1. Although nicotine is probably the well－known chemical in cigarettes， it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked. N
2. In spite of the difficulties， according to the text more than thirty－five million people a year
give up smoking. N
3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people‘s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.Y
4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine. Y
5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.NG
6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.NG
7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurons. Y
Questions 8 － 10
8. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by 95% to prevent them from being addictive.
9. According to the passage， a cigarette can raise a smoker‘s heart rate by 10-20 beats a minute.
10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor，a neurone sends chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters.
Fill in the gaps with words chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. I really hope to reach an agreement with you today that is suitable and beneficial for us both.
2. We know the constitution of mineral through chemical analysis.
3. The weakness of Human nature and social relationships all ins inuate some human limitation.
4. Any substance is made of atom. Whether it is solid, liquid or gas.
5. Conventional radio of this sort cannot, unfortunately, transmit video or web pages.
6. As the Arctic warms it could release billions of tons of carbon into the atmosphere.
7. But some professors say they have significantly changed their teaching practices to

accommodate the students.
8. They have warned the world to expect more frequent and intense extreme weather events, and this is what we are seeing.
9. I felt glad that I was now a giver of pleasure, not merely a passive recipient.
10. With access to treatment, AIDS have moved from what was effectively a death sentence to a chronic disease.

Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1. Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into
the smoker‘s brain and very being？
戒除尼古丁不是件容易的事。每年都有 3500 万人下定决心努力戒烟，但可悲的是，只
有不到 7%的人能成功地戒烟一年以上，大多数人在戒烟最初的几天就会放弃。那么，
尼古丁一开始是如何悄悄地对烟民的大脑产生影响呢？
2. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed snorted （such as cocaine powder） or even injected. Indeed， a nicotine molecule
inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels， which branch out into capillaries within the brain.
科学家发现，吸烟时香烟中的物质到达大脑的速度要比直接吸食（如可卡因粉末）甚至
注射更快。事实上，吸烟时尼古丁颗粒在十秒内就会到达大脑。尼古丁是经过血管分送
到大脑内的毛细血管进行传输的。
3. As simple as it looks， the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance， when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn‘t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf， they
began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine.
和我们看到的一样简单，香烟就是一台高端设计的尼古丁传输设备。比喻说，当烟草研
制者发现香烟中的大部分尼古丁在燃烧时不能释放，同时又要保留烟叶里固定的化学成
分，她们便开始在香烟中加入氨之类的物质以释放更多的尼古丁。

Text C

Content Questions:
Choose the best answer for each of the following and complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from B .
A. the cell B. the respiring process of carbohydrates
C. fats in the cell D. a balanced diet
2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of A.
A. digestion B. respiration
C. oxidization D. mobilization
3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from D.

A. stomach B. body tissues
C. the body D. the diet
4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of A .
A. protein B. carbohydrates
C. vitamins D. diet
5. Vitamins are called ―micronutrients‖ in that B .
A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urine B. the body only requires small amount of vitamins
C. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxic D. the high concentrations
of water soluble vitamins are toxic
6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of C .
A. fat soluble vitamins B. water soluble vitamins
C. vitamin A D. innate disability
7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from C .
A. the growth of strong bones B. fracture
C. a progressive softening of the bones D. calcium uptake from the gut
8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough sunlight.
9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives toxins out of the body.
10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to liver, yeast and dairy products.

Fill in the gaps with words given in the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. Each day, I must ingest at least 500 calories, 6 oz of chocolate, 10 oz of sugar, and 8 oz of fat.
2. However, my interest is refined in software for engineering and manufacturing.
3. Her face is disfigured with the scar.
4. We must synthesize all available resources.
5. What important dream have you yet to realize and fulfill?
6. It often takes a long time to digest new ideas.
7. Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.
8. We start with a lot of visitors, and convert a small few of them into customers.

Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.
然而，维生素 D 是在身体暴露在阳光下后产生并储存在肌肉中的。如果很少暴露在阳光下，
或者光线很暗时，维生素 D 的生成是很少的。鸡蛋和油性鱼类都富含维生素 D。
2. A balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.
均衡饮食是指那种能够为保持身体健康提供充分能量和营养摄入的饮食。只能够维持普通身
体机能的饮食并不算是均衡饮食。

Unit 2 Biology

Text A

II. Vocabulary 1.略
2.

1. If the bling in question is a family heirloom or if your ex blatantly asks for it back, then you should definitely return it -- keeping it will just create drama, which will complicate the breakup and make it harder to move forward.

2. They can be quite cryptic, but are worth learning because of the inherent power they give you for text processing.

3. He says they are part of the genome of the last common ancestor of all birds, frogs, dinosaurs and mammals.

4. Last year, a study in the medical journal Neurology found smoking to be an established risk factor in developing the disease.

5. But sometimes Western students have got more initiative to develop their own different way of thinking.

6. The project will help people understand the many threats to the natural environments where endangered plants and animals live.

7. He saw outsider artwork as being free from the worries of competition and social acceptance that define the official art world.

8. He is the head of the aquatic biology department at the California Academy of Sciences.

9. Some, like the smallpox vaccine on one exposure generates a very high response that lasts for many years so you don't need a boost.

10. Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.

11. Peterson says an early childhood education class got her thinking about ways to incorporate more activity into their school day.

12. These systems are dispersed throughout your body and their dispersal is important.

13. He is cataloguing his photographic negatives.

14. This means that a file system would serve as a reasonable substrate for a synchronization database.

15. The Conservative's coalition partners, the Liberal Democrats, are demanding that any cut in the top income tax rate be offset by measures to hit the wealthy some other way, perhaps through a " mansion tax " on expensive homes or a reduction in tax relief on pensions.

16. The relationship between state and society in the real world will inevitably be projected to the internet society.

17. Their tanks would be vulnerable to attack from the air.

18. And that would often actually the right answer to take, is to not just compromise among your advisers, but use your own principles to make a decision.

19. The EU leaders will also tackle another highly controversial issue how to share the costs of paying for developing nations to adapt to climate change.

20. Can the company reimburse me for my professional travel?

II. Word Formation 1.Compound:
Study the following italicized words in the text and write down the correcting meaning of these words in English:

1. Under the IPCC's business-as-usual climate scenario, 79% of ESUs included in the study are projected to become extinct by 2080; for a reduced-emissions scenario this fell to 59%.

business-as-usual: services as usual; all systems go

reduced-emissions: emissions made less in size or amount or degree

2. If researchers can figure out how to factor in dispersal capacity — an attribute often not well-defined for indivi