大学英语四级作文辅导.doc

大学英语四级作文辅导

资料仅供参考
大学英语四级作文模板
第一节 模板写作的基本流程
l 第一步：解读题意，确定题型，勾画简图
根据考试题目以及给出的提纲或段首句，确定作文属于何种命题形式，快速确立自己的观点及论据。
l 第二步：选择模板
在确定命题形式之后，迅速选择合适的模板
l 第三步：依照模板写作，丰富细节
l 第四步：修改文章
由于时间的限制，考生修改文章时主要考虑以下几点：
1. 语法
2. 标点符号与大小写
3. 单词拼写

第二节 论说文写作模板
我们把论说文大致分为五个类型，即对立观点型、道理论证型、问题解决型、解释说明型和谚语型。
一、对立观点型
l 对立观点型论说文，指就某一事物或现象给出两种对立的观点，将两种观点进行比较，然后表明自己的立场和看法。
l 这类作文的框架相对较固定，三段分别能够这样展开：
l 第一段：引出有争议的两个观点；
l 第二段：对两个观点分别进行详细的论述
l 第三段：总结、陈述自己的观点
例： Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below:
1) 名校校园正成为旅游新热点；
2) 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同；
3) 我认为……
模板
第一段：Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in . (点明新热点) Therefore, there is a hot debate over . (切入话题)
第二段：Some people are in favor of the idea of . (概述一方观点)
They believe that . (详述理由一)
They also argue that . (详述理由二)
However, other people stand on a different ground. (慨述另一方观点
They consider . (详述理由一)
What’s more, they firmly point out that . (详述理由二)
第三段：There is some truth in both arguments. (双方各有道理)
But I think the advantages of overweigh the disadvantages. (可是利大于弊)
In my opinion, . (总结自己的观点)

范文 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in visiting campuses of famous universities. Therefore, a hot debate arises over whether the university campus should be open to tourists.
Some people are in favor of the idea of opening it to the public. They believe that the atmosphere of famous universities can motivate student visitors to seek more knowledge. They also argue that as more tourists come to visit, these universities can make themselves known to more people. However, other people hold an opposite viewpoint. They consider that with tourists pouring into campuses, the beauty of the campus will be ruined. What’s more, they firmly point out that the normal teaching activities will be disturbed.
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of opening them outweigh the disadvantage. In my opinion, university campuses should be open to tourists.

例: Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1) 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……
2) 也有人持不同意见……
3) 我的看法和打算。
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test.
模板Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
第一段：A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test. (首句已给出) But as to the view of , there are some controversies among people. (提出问题)
第二段: Many people hold that . (概述一方观点)
In the first place, . (详述理由一)
In the second place, . (详述理由二)
Some people, however, take a different attitude. (转折，承上启下)
They consider . (概述另一方观点)
There are two reasons for this. (引出原因)
One is that . (详述理由一)
The other is that . (详述理由二)
第三段: As for me, . (阐述自己的观点)
So I . (得出结论)

范文 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test. But as to the view of whether a test of spoken English is necessary, there are some controversies among people.
Many people hold that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China. In the first place, a test of spoken English will make college students become more aware of the importance of spoken English. In the second place, such a test will help them with their communication skills. Some people, however, take a different attitude. They consider it is unnecessary to hold this test. There are two reasons for this. One is that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the average English learners. The other is that college students are already under considerable pressure from their courses and another required test will only add to their burden.
As for me, I am undoubtedly for the test because the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. So I believe that a test of spoken English will do more good then harm.

二、道理论证型
l 道理论证型论说文是对某一事物或现象进行分析和论证。它与对立观点型论说文的最大区别在于前者一般是就某一个明确的观点进行分析和论证，而后者针对两个对立的观点进行对比论证，由作者在最后表明自己的立场。
l 道理论证型论说文一般按下列框架展开：
l 第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的观点，并给出不同看法；
l 第二段：详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处；
l 第三段：总结并给出自己的看法。
例: It Pays to Be Honest
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1) 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象；
2) 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。
模板
第一段：It is true that . (指出普遍的观点)
However, . (叙述不同的观点)
第二段：I think . (提出自己的观点，即文章的论点)
The reason can be listed as follows. (开始论证)
Firstly, . (论证理由一)
Secondly, . (论证理由二)
For example, . (举例)
Thirdly, . (论证理由三)
A case in point is that . (举例)
第三段：It goes without saying that (不用说) .(指出执行该观点的注意事项)
In conclusion, . (总结全文)

范文 It Pays to Be Honest
It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront crises of confidence such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities and so on.
I think that we should be honest. The reasons can be listed as follows. Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by others over a long period of time. Secondly, honesty, as a traditional virtue of Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, if fewer students cheated in exams, exams would be made much simpler. Thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable. A case in point is that Singapore, a society featuring trust and integrity, has a comparatively low crime rate.
It goes without saying that being honest is of great benefit to both the community and individuals. In conclusion, honesty should be encouraged in our society.

三、问题解决型
l 问题解决型论说文立意在“How”，以“方法”、“途径”、“怎么办”为文章的核心，主要遵循“提出问题——分析原因——提出解决办法”的模式。
l 最典型的问题解决型命题一般以“How”开头，如：How to Succeed in a Job Interview? ( 1月)，How I Finance My College Education ( 1月)。另外，考生从给出提纲中出现的词“该怎么办”也能够推断其属于问题解决型。
问题解决型作文的一般框架是：
l 第一段：引言，对现状、形势或困难进行描述，提出问题；
l 第二段：途径与方法，列举做某事的途径或解决问题的各种方法；
l 第三段：评价或选择，对第二段中提及的途径和方法进行简要评价，或选取其中一、两种自己认为合适的，阐述其依据。
例: How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1) 面试在求职过程中的作用；
2) 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
模板
第一段： . (铺垫，提出问题)
On the one hand, . (理由一)
On the other hand, . (理由二)
第二段：Therefore, how to is worth paying attention to. (承上启下，提出要解决的问题)
Firstly, . (办法一)
Secondly, . (办法二)
For example, . (举例说明办法二)
Thirdly, . (办法三)
In this way, . (预期结果)
第三段：In brief, . (总结全文)

范文 How to succeed in a Job Interview?
With the development of the job market, interviews play an important role in job-hunting. On the one hand, a job interview offers both interviewees and interviewers a chance to know each other within quite a short time. On the other hand, excellent performance in an interview will enable the interviewees to make a good impression upon the interviewer and finally get the job.
Therefore, how to succeed in job interview is worth paying attention to. Firstly, interviewees should have some knowledge about the company and the position they apply for. Secondly, interviewees should have self-confidence. For example, being too modest is not welcome to most human resources professionals. Thirdly, interviewees should dress neatly and properly. In this way, interviewees could show that they attach vital importance to the job.
In brief, if the interviewee takes the advice and makes better preparations, he is more likely to be employed.
例: How I Finance My College Education
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1) 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)能够经过多种途径解决；
2) 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）。
模板
第一段：Currently, .(引出话题)
Thus how to has become a matter of concern. (提出问题)
These following channels are possible . (阐述能解决问题的办法)
第二段：As far as I am concerned, 　 . (简述自己是如何解决问题的)
On the one hand, 　 . (一方面)
Moreover, 　 . (进一步阐述)
Anyway, 　 . (总结)
On the other hand, 　 .(另一方面)
第三段：In view of this, 　 . (得出结论)

范文 How I Finance My College Education
Currently, tuition and fees for college students are much higher than ever before. Thus how to finance the college education has become a matter of concern. These following channels are possible for students to raise the money: receiving help from their parents, loaning from the bank or making money by part-time jobs.
As far as I am concerned, I get the majority of my tuition from my parents and the rest by taking part-time jobs in my spare time. On the one hand, my parents are well-off enough to afford my educational expenses. Moreover, my parents believe their financial support enables me to focus on my study. Anyway, their investment is rewarding in the long term. On the other hand, college life is the beginning of my new life after all, and working part-time opens my eyes to the society outside the campus.
In view of this, earning some money to pay for education with my own hands not only helps to relieve my parents of their financial burden but also broadens my view.

四、解释说明型
l 解释说明型论说文是对事物的发生、发展、结果、特征、状态、功能等进行介绍、阐述、解释的一种论说文类型。它的适用范围很广，无论是日常生活、工作学习或学术研究，人们都不可避免地要以各种方式来解释、说明、分析事物。
例: On Students Selecting Lectures( 6月)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below:
1) 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师；
2) 学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是……
3）学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。
模板
第一段: Nowadays, there is a hot debate about 　 . (提出问题)
第二段：A number of factors contribute to 　 . (概述，引出对问题的分析)
On the one hand, 　 . (一方面)
On the other hand, .(另一方面)
第三段：Clearly, there are both advantages and disadvantages as to the view of this matter. (概述不同观点)
For one thing, .(一方面)
For another, 　 . (另一方面)
In general, 　 . (得出结论)

范文 On Students Choosing Lectures
Nowadays, there is a hot debate about whether students should be allowed to have optional choices of their teachers.
A number of factors contribute to students’ decision on choosing teachers. On the one hand, teacher’s personalities play a significant role in this issue, which include a good sense of humor, being easy to communicate with and open-minded. On the other hand, it is likely that opinions from other students have an impact on the decision.
Clearly, there are both advantages and disadvantages as to the view of this matter. For one thing, students enjoy more freedom than before. For another, some top teachers might be ignored if they are not able to meet students’ taste. In general, both students’ and teachers’ rights should be respected.

五、谚语型
l 谚语型论说文是指文章的题目或论点是一句谚语，要求考生针对该谚语阐述自己的理解，而且举例论证。
l 此类文章一般按下列框架展开：
l 第一段：对格言警句的理解，开门见山引出格言警句，并对其进行解释；
l 第二段：例证一，能够使用学习、生活中的事例来说明其寓意，若有必要，引用第二个例证进一步说明；
l 第三段：结束全文，总结句能够与文章主题呼应。
例: Practice Makes Perfect
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1) 怎样理解“熟能生巧”？
2) 例如：在英语学习中……
3) 又如……
模板
第一段：It is well-known to everyone that 　 .(引出谚语)
This self-evident proverb means .(给出解释)
第二段： is a case in point. (例证一)
You must .(结合谚语阐述现象)
Otherwise, . (否则……)
is another example to prove the proverb. (例证二)
You may be amazed at .(结合谚语阐述现象)
But if you know , you will not be surprised at .(原因)
It is through that .(总结)
第三段：A lesson that we can draw from the above example is obvious. (启示)
Only through practice can one . (点题)

范文 Practice Makes Perfect
It is well-known to everyone that “Practice Makes perfect.” This self-evident proverb means doing something repeatedly is the only way to become expert on it.
Learning a foreign language like English is a case in point. You must practice listening, speaking, reading and writing so as to acquire the language. Otherwise, you will clean forget about it. Dancing is another example to prove the proverb. You may be amazed at a wonderful dance show. But if you know how much time dances have spent practicing it, you will not be surprised at the beauty any more. It is through practice that dancers become skillful at it.
A lesson that we can draw from the above examples is obvious. Only through repeated practice can one be good at doing things.

第三节 应用文写作模板
l 应用文是指人们在工作、学习、生活中传递信息，以达到交际目的的一种文体。这种文章需做到言简意赅、条理清楚，一般不需要过多修饰。四级考试中的应用文大致分为两类：
l 1. 书信类
l 2. 口头类
例: Letter in Reply to a Friend
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1) 建议报考的专业及理由；
2) 报考该专业的基本条件；
3) 应当如何备考。
模板
December 27th,
Dear X,
第一段: I am very happy to learn that .(对来信表示高兴)
You are welcome to . (对报考表示欢迎)
When it comes to , I suggest that . (提出建议报考的专业)
To begin with, 　 .(理由一)
What’s more, 　 . (理由二)
第二段：In order to 　 , you have to 　　 .(指出报考该专业的基本条件) First of all, 　 . (条件一)
In addition, 　 . (条件二)
第三段: As far as is concerned, you should on the one hand 　 .(有关如何备考，首先……)
On the other hand, you’d better 　 . (其次……)
Only by can you 　 . (总结)
Best wishes!
Yours truly,