肉类污染meat contamination.doc

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Q&A: Meat contamination

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11 February 2013 Last updated at 12:41 GMT
Q&A: Meat contamination

The government has said that all processed beef products on sale in the UK are safe to eat despite up to 100% horsemeat being found in some Aldi and Findus products, which were removed from shelves last week. It follows the discovery of horsemeat in some burgers.
Should I throw away the meat I have bought if I suspect it might be horsemeat?
Horsemeat itself should be no more dangerous than beef and is eaten in many countries around the world.
But the UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) has ordered tests to make sure a drug given to horses which is dangerous when used by humans - known as bute (phenylbutazone) - has not entered the food chain.
Decades ago it was used as a treatment for gout and arthritis, but it caused a serious blood disorder, aplastic anaemia, in rare cases. While it was banned for human use, it is still used for animals. However, it is not allowed to enter the human food chain.
If people have any of the affected meals lurking in their freezer, they are advised to return them to the store they were purchased from.
The UK's Environment Secretary Owen Paterson has stressed that "nothing seen so far presented a health risk" and that he would have "no hesitation at all" about eating recalled products. The government has advised people to carry on with their normal shopping habits unless told otherwise.
How widespread is the problem?
Food retailers in the UK have been told to carry out tests on all processed beef products after some Findus lasagne as well as some Aldi lasagne and spaghetti bolognese - all made by the Comigel food processing company in France - were found to contain up to 100% horsemeat.
Findus has also withdrawn ready meals in France and Sweden.
In France, where seven supermarket chains have withdrawn all frozen beef meals made by Findus and Comigel, an initial investigation has found that horsemeat sold as beef originated from Romanian slaughterhouses, before being sold to a Dutch food trader, then on to a Cypriot trader and on again to a French firm.
It is feared up to 16 EU countries may be affected.
Environment Secretary Mr Paterson says he suspects "a criminal international conspiracy"
Meanwhile, in mid-January, Irish food inspectors announced they had found horsemeat in some burgers stocked by a number of UK supermarket chains including Tesco, Iceland and Lidl. Two weeks later, pig DNA was found in supposedly halal products for Muslim prisoners. Earlier this month, it was reported that equine DNA had been found at a third factory in Ireland and tests commissioned by the FSA found horsemeat at a cold store in Newry, County Down.

· Full list of products withdrawn in the UK
Who is responsible for checking and enforcing standards?
The Food Standards Agency is responsible for food safety and food hygiene in the UK, and its work is conducted by local authority inspectors. It tested almost 80,000 samples of food last year and focuses "on those risks that can make people ill or worse" including looking for arsenic and listeria.
But the company has not been responsible for DNA testing to show whether meat is authentic.
What is being done?
The FSA has ordered authenticity tests on all processed beef products and has given a deadline of Friday 15 February for the first set of results. Environment Secretary Owen Paterson has warned they could provide "more bad news".
He has already said a moratorium on EU meat imports, which has been called for, was not allowed under EU rules.
Following a summit at the weekend with heads of meat retailers and suppliers, he said they had agreed to carry out "more and tougher testing" of beef products with results to be published every three months by the FSA.
In France, there will be a similar meeting for representatives of the food industry.
Findus France says it has been the victim of fraud and will take action in the French courts. The company that supplied the meat, Spanghero, based in southern France, also says it has been a victim and that it plans to sue its Romanian supplier. Officials in Romania, where more than 25 abattoirs are authorised to butcher horsemeat and export it, are investigating claims the meat originated there.
In Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland - in the cases of the contaminated burgers - police have been asked to consider whether the contamination was accidental, in terms of labelling, or whether it was the result of fraudulent activity.
What products have been recalled?
A number of products have been withdrawn from sale in the UK after samples were found to contain varying levels of horsemeat, including just trace levels in some cases. Anyone who still has them in their freezers is advised to return them to the shop and obtain a refund.
Among them are:
Findus beef lasagne - in 320g, 360g and 500g portions.
Aldi - Today's Special frozen beef lasagne and Today's Special frozen spaghetti bolognese
Tesco - Everyday Value spaghetti bolognese
Tesco - Tesco Everyday Value eight-pack of frozen beef burgers; Tesco four-pack of frozen beef quarter pounders and Flamehouse frozen chargrilled quarter pounders.
Other products which were on sale only in the Republic of Ireland have been withdrawn.
Why would meat suppliers use horsemeat instead of beef?
Many believe financial gain is the motive for the fraud - horsemeat is cheaper then other meats in some countries. Some industry insiders say profit margins have been squeezed by supermarkets and it is understandable that people might "cut corners".
On the continent the price of horsemeat is much higher as "viande de cheval" is a recognised dish in France. Horsemeat is also eaten in Italy and is consumed in vast quantities in China.
How did this emerge?
In the case of the latest developments, French supplier Comigel alerted Findus UK and Aldi that their products did not "conform to specification" and the products were withdrawn from sale.
It has since emerged that Findus knew about horsemeat in its products for a week before it told the UK's Food Standards Agency. The company's own test results from 29 January showed traces of horsemeat in its beef products at which point it stopped taking the products from Comigel and stopped sending them to retailers.
More thorough testing was carried out and the results were confirmed on 6 February when the company told the FSA.
In the case of the contaminated burgers, The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) had tested a total of 27 burger products, with 10 of them containing traces of horse DNA and 23 containing pig DNA. Burgers containing almost 30% horsemeat was found in a brand sold by Tesco, with smaller amounts of horsemeat and pig DNA found in other products.
The FSAI said the meat came from two processing plants in Ireland - Silvercrest Foods in County Monaghan and Liffey Meats in County Cavan - and the Dalepak Hambleton plant in Yorkshire, England. Subsequent tests saw Rangeland Foods in Co Monaghan, which supplies one of Ireland's biggest burger chains, shut down after a sample at the factory tested positive with a reading of 75% horse DNA in raw ingredient.
In the case of Silvercrest and Rangeland, the FSAI believe the horsemeat was introduced in blocks of frozen burger filler product imported from Poland.
What have the companies had to say?
After recalling its lasagne products, Findus told customers in a statement it was "sorry that we have let you down". and we want you to know the facts.
Aldi said: "We feel angry and let down.... If the label says beef, our customers expect it to be beef."
Tesco urgently withdrew contaminated burgers from sale and dropped the supplier, Silvercrest, saying the fact it had used meat originated from outside the UK and Ireland - contrary to the supermarket chain's policy - had breached its trust. The supermarket also said it would introduce a DNA testing system for meat products to "ensure the quality" of its goods. Iceland and Lidl said they had withdrawn affected products and were investigating the matter.
Meanwhile, Silvercrest Foods and Dalepak both said they had never bought or traded in horse product and have launched an investigation into two continental European third party suppliers. Work at the Silvercrest plant has been halted and the management is being changed.
Rangeland Foods said the test results on the meat, which it had taken delivery of in early January, were immediately reported to the Department of Agriculture, adding that 90% of the beef it uses is of Irish origin.
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Q&A: Meat contamination

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