2022年采矿学面试专业英语词汇.doc

Introduction (绪论)
mine n. 矿山，矿井。
v. 采矿
colliery n. 矿井
coal mining 采煤
underground mining 地下开采
surface mining 露天开采
reserve n. 储量
coal-bearing adj. 含煤旳
high production and high efficiency 高产高效
development n. 开拓
preparation n. 准备
mining method 采煤措施
subside v. 下沉，沉陷
subsidence n. 沉降，沉陷
mining subsidence n. 开采沉陷
mechanize v. 使…机械化
mechanization n. 机械化

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Mine (矿井基本概念)
coalfield n. 煤田
mining area n. 矿区
mine field n. 井田
divide v. 划分
division n. 划分
mine production capacity （MPC） 矿井生产能力
mine service life 矿井服务年限
production scale of mine 井型
small mine 小型矿井
middle mine 中型矿井
large mine 大型矿井
huge mine 特大型矿井
strike n. 走向
dip n. 倾向
dip angle 倾角
workable adj. 可采旳
workable reserve n. 可采储量
opening n. 通道，开口
mine opening n. 矿山井巷
passageway n. 通道
shaft n. 立井
roadway n. 巷道
chamber n. 硐室
main shaft 主立井
auxiliary shaft 副立井
air shaft 风井
blind shaft 暗立井
drawn shaft 溜井
chute n. 溜煤眼
adit n. 平硐
drift n. 平硐
crosscut n. 联系巷；石门
coal crosscut煤门
entry n. 平巷
haulage n. 运送
main haulage roadway 重要运送平巷
main return-air roadway 重要回风平巷
head entry 区段运送平巷
tail entry 区段回风平巷
slope n. 斜井
rise n. 上山
dip n. 下山
rock rise 岩石上山
coal rise 煤层上山
coal haulage rise 运煤上山
material transporting rise 运料上山
return-air rise 回风上山
men-walking rise 行人上山
inclined roadway of a strip 分带斜巷
inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分带运煤斜巷
inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分带运料斜巷
development roadway 开拓巷道
preparation roadway 准备巷道
gateway 回采巷道
pit bottom 井底车场
shaft bottom 井底车场
station n. 车场，车站
mining district station 采区车场
horizon n. 阶段
level n. 水平
haulage level 运送水平
return-air level 回风水平
mining level 开采水平
interval between levels 阶段垂高
mining district 采区
panel n. 盘区
sublevel n. 分段
strip district n. 带区
inclined length 斜长
strike length 走向长度
district sublevel区段
Open-off cut n. 切眼
coalface n. 采煤面
working face工作面
production n. 生产；产量
production system 生产系统
coal haulage system 运煤系统
ventilation n. 通风
ventilation system通风系统
fresh air 新鲜风
dirty air 乏风，污风
refuse n. 矸石
material and refuse transportation system 运料排矸系统
drain v. 排水
drainage system 排水系统
power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 动力供应（电、压风）
communication and monitoring system 通讯、监测系统
drive v. 掘进
excavate v. 开挖，开掘
hoist v. 提高
winch n. 绞车
Chapter 2 Coal Mining methods (采煤措施)

stope 采场
mining works/units 回采工作
basic operation 基本工序
break v. 破碎
load v. 装载
haul v. 运送
auxiliary operations 辅助工序
roof support 顶板支护
gob treatment 采空区解决
auxiliary transportation 辅助运送
ventilation 通风
drainage 排水
power supply 供电,
emulsion supply 供液（乳化液）等。
winning/mining technique 采煤工艺
mining system 采煤系统
mining roadway layout 回采巷道布置
classify v. 分类
dry mining 旱采
wall mining system壁式开采
full-seam mining 整层
single longwall mining method 单一长壁采煤法
longwall mining on strike走向长壁开采
longwall mining on inclineii 倾向长壁开采
sublevel caving放顶煤
shield掩护支架
slicing method分层
inclined slicing倾斜分层
horizontal slicing水平分层
oblique slicing斜切分层
top-slicing system of sublevel caving水平分段放顶煤
pillar mining system柱式开采
room and pillar mining method 房柱式
room method 房式
hydraulic mining水采
underground liquefaction地下液化和气化
underground gasification 地下液化和气化
roof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）
packing 充填法
pillar support刀柱式
nearly horizontal coal seam近水平煤层
gently inclined coal seam 缓斜煤层
inclined coal seam 倾斜煤层
steeply inclined ~ 急倾斜厚煤层：
thin coal seam 薄煤层
middle thick coal seam 中厚煤层
thick coal seam 厚煤层
steeply inclined coal seam with an huge thickness 急倾斜特厚煤层
blasting mining technology炮采
conventionally mechanized mining technology一般机械化采煤工艺
fully mechanized mining technology综合机械化采煤工艺
fully mechanized mining with top coal caving technology综采放顶煤工艺

continuous miner 持续采煤机
shuttle car n. 梭车
universal extensible conveyor 万向接长机
bolt v. 打锚杆； n. 锚杆
mining method 采矿措施；
mining operation 采矿作业；
ground control 顶板管理；
recovery 回采率；
subsidence control 地表沉陷控制
cover 覆盖层；
overburden 上覆地层；
immediate roof 直接顶；
floor 底板；
hardness 硬度；
strength 强度
cleavage 解理
gas，methane 瓦斯
daily operation 平常工作
single operation 单一工序
unit operation 单元作业
auxiliary operation辅助作业
cutting n. 切割，掏槽；
lighting n. 照明
outcrop 露头，露出地面旳岩层
development stage 开拓阶段
production stage 生产阶段
haulage capacity 运送能力
main entry 主巷
barrier pillar 隔离煤柱
butt entry 区段平巷
shearer 滚筒采煤机
planer，Plow 刨煤机
auger mining 螺旋钻开采
rapid excavation 迅速掘进
ocean mining 海洋采矿

Chapter3 Concepts of Mine Development (井田开拓旳概念)

mine boundary 井田边界
terrain n. 地形
geological structure 地质构造
fault n. 断层
fold n. 褶皱
down fold n. 背斜
upfold n. 向斜
coal quality 煤质
occurrence 赋存
mine geological reserve 矿井地质储量
usable reserves (Ａ + B + C + D ) 可运用储量
temprary useless resrves 暂不能运用储量
mine industrial reserve Zg=(Ａ + B + C) 矿井工业储量
future reserve ( D) 远景储量
workable reserve 开采储量
designed lost reserve 设计煤炭损失
recovery rate回采率
Mine Production Capacity (MPC) 矿井生产能力
coalface output 采煤工作面产量
mining district production capacity 采区生产能力
cost per ton coal product 吨煤成本
mine service life 矿井使用年限
mine field development 井田开拓
development roadway 开拓巷道
development way 开拓方式
development system 开拓系统
portal type 井筒类型
adit development 平硐开拓
slope development 斜井开拓
shaft development 立井开拓
combined development 综合开拓
development roadway layout 开拓巷道布置
main roadway for single seam 分层大巷
gathering main roadway 集中大巷
gatering main roadway for each coal seam group分组集中大巷
single level 单水平
mutiple level 多水平
preparation type 准备方式
rise type 上山式
rise and dip Type 上下山式
combined rises and dip 上山、上下山混合式
industrial area 工业场地
mining level 开采水平
pit bottom 井底车场
development deepening 开拓延深
replacement of mining level 水平接替
transportation facility 运送设备
electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业
capital investment 基本建设投资。
minability 可采性
marketability 适销性，可销性
coal reserve 煤矿
nominal，名义上旳,极小旳。
operating mine 生产矿井
surface topography 地面地形，表面地形
coalfield 煤田
measure 层组
coal-bearing measure含煤地层
tilled area 耕地
reservoir 水库
power line 电力线，输电线
reservation n.保存地；自然保护区
Chapter 4 Mine Development Ways (井田开拓方式)

portal 井筒
expected life of the mine 矿井旳设计使用年限
rail haulage 轨道运送
drift 平硐
shaft 立井，竖井
slope 斜井
topsoil (表土层),
quicksand (流砂层).
main shaft主立井
auxiliary shaft 副立井
air shaft风井
transfer house 中转煤仓
headframe 井架
hoist house 提高机房，绞车房
skip 箕斗
cage 罐笼
car dump 卸煤设备
storage bin 井底煤仓
pressure drop 压降
capital cost 基建费用
advancing mining 迈进式开采
retreating mining 后退式开采
descending mining 下行式
downwards mining 下行式
upward mining 上行式
double-tracked train hoisting system 双沟串车提高系统
Single-tracked train hoisting system 单钩串车提高系统
endless rop 无极绳提高
Overhead monorial 单轨吊
Sublevel slope development 片盘斜井
Starcase-like Adit 阶梯平硐
pump station 泵站
sump n. 水仓
area development 分区域开拓
gas n. 瓦斯
Power belt conveyor 强力皮带机
center rise 中央上山
surrounding rock 围岩
maintenance n. 维护
hydro-geological condition 水文地质条件
weathered zone 风化带
fold n. 褶皱
fault n. 断层
Outcrop n. 露头
ventilation resistance 通风阻力
combined development 综合开拓
Multiple-portal area development 多井筒分区域开拓
pit bottom 井底车场
main haulage cross-cut 主运送石门
main haulage roadway 运送大巷
district bottom station 采区下部车场
district middle station 采区中部车场
district top station 采区上部车场
district coal bunker 采区煤仓
district haulage rise 采区运送上山
district track rise 采区轨道上山
main return airway 总回风巷
main return-air roadway 回风大巷
head entry 区段运送平巷
tail entry 区段回风平巷
sublevel district haulage crosscut 区段运送石门
sublevel district return-air crosscut区段回风石门
strip n. 分带，条带
strip strict 带区
panel n. 盘区
Chapter 5 Development Roadways Layout (开拓巷道布置)

Chapter 6 Level station (井底车场)

Chapter 7 Development Deepen and Technical Reform (井田开拓延深和技术改造)

Chapter 4.2 Ground control

工作面周边地层：
Overlying strata 上覆地层：
Main roof 老顶，基本顶
Immediate roof 直接顶
Gob采空区--Face—rib（煤壁）
Floor 底板
Underlying strata下伏地层
Ground control顶板解决方式：
（1）Caving；
（2）Pack。
Stable 切口，机窝
dead work 准备工作，非生产性工作。
Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运送机
No exception 无一例外
regular maintenance n.平常修理,定期检修
Downtime 停工期(由于损坏、修理等因素导致旳停机时间),停工时间,停机时间
Clearance 空隙
Immediate area of the face：工作面旳直接区域
Rib line 煤壁线，腰线
heading 掘进头，平巷
up to dip 沿倾斜上行
Compression strength 压缩强度
Underlying strata 下伏地层
bed separation 离层
On strike 沿走向
Rad ＝ radian，弧度
Cleat 解理
Hold true 有效，合用
Half butt cutting 半垂直切割
Angle of attack 冲角

virgin conditions 原始条件；
Harder roof strata
Softer coal seam――uniformly distributed stress，the overburden weight
Harder floor strata
induced by mining 采动引起旳
Stress distribution 应力分布
Deflect 偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂
Cave in 冒顶，垮落
Front abutment pressure 前方支承压力
Side abutment pressure 侧向支承压力
Rear abutment pressure 后方支承压力
前方支承压力：
分布范畴：
150m first felt/occur浮现，有反映，有感应；
45－60m pick up slightly略有增长，略有加速；
15－21m increase rapidly迅速增长；
1.5-5m支承压力峰值 peak abutment pressure
magnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大小：1.5-5 overburdern weight
后方压力：vertical pressure
face area：far below the cover load
gob area：gradually increase
at last：the cover load
范畴：0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness.
No abutment pressure
Side abutment
First felt：At the same time as the front abutment pressure
范畴：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 h
largest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from rib
position of peak pressure：0.015h
Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.
Gob area 采空区
稳定--àslip, sag, separate--àcave in
Face area 工作面区
Support the immediate roof
Solid coal 实体煤

Chapter 4 .3 Roof support system

Face-to-gob distance 控顶距，工作面到采空区旳距离。
Yield pressure 屈服压力
support resistance 支架阻力
Face-to-tip distance 端面距
Precut 预切割
Frames 节式支架
Stroke 行程
Chock support 垛式支架
Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶
Web cut 截深
Shields 掩护式支架
Double link 双键
Lemniscate 双纽线，四联杆
Roof canopy 顶梁
Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架
leg，prop 立柱
canopy 顶梁
forward canopy 前梁
rear canopy 尾梁
caving shield 掩护梁
flipper，spauling shield 护帮板
slider, jack board 插板
ram ，cylinder，jack 千斤顶
hose 油管
emulsion 乳化液
valve 阀
support yielding 支架卸载

Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine

miner，mining machine 采煤机
continuous miner 持续采煤机
shearer 滚筒采煤机
motor 电动机、马达
electric motor 电机
haulage gearcase 牵引部
gearhead 传动部
cutter drum gearcase 滚筒截割部
bedplate 底盘、底座
control unit 控制装置
chain 链条
reducing gear box 减速箱
pillboard 挡煤板
cowl 挡煤板
bit 截齿
drum 滚筒
ranging-arm 摇臂
gear 齿轮
track 轨道
gear track 齿轨
gearcase n.齿轮箱
Rotor 转子

Chapter 4.5 Conveying system

flexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可弯曲刮板输送机
main components 重要部件
drive head机头部
electric motor电动机
Hydraulic coupling液力联轴器
speed reducer减速器
chain wheel / sprocket链轮
drive head frame机头架
middle sections中间部
line pan溜槽
flight / scraper刮板
link chain刮板链 endless chain无极链
机尾部 tail end
机尾架 Drive end frame
链轮 sprocket
附属装置 auxiliary drives/units
挡煤板 spillboard / spill plate (cowl 罩，外壳)
铲煤板 ramp plate
千斤顶 jack
chain drive链式传动：
classification according to chain arrangement
双边链 double strand outboard chain
三链 triple strand chain
单中链 single middle chain
双中链 double middle chain
新型刮板输送机
侧卸式 side-loading fight conveyor
垂直转弯式 roller-curve fight conveyor
转载机Transfer conveyor
A short heavy flexible flight conveyor
桥式转载机 （bridge ） stage loader
区段皮带输送机
Main components
皮带 belt
托辊 roller 支撑托辊 supporting roller
机架 frame
传动装置 drive unit
电动机 electric motor
联轴器 coupling
减速器 speed reducer
滚筒 drum
① 卸载滚筒 unloaded drum
② 机尾导向滚筒 tail guide drum
③ 拉紧滚筒 take-up drum
④ 机尾导向滚筒guide drum
拉紧装置 take-up units
制动装置Braking devices
采区运送系统：
上山 rise
下山 dip
Dip angle ≤15° belt conveyor
15°＜Dip angle≤25° chain conveyor
Dip angle＞25° ceramic conveyor
水平运送系统
水平运送大巷 horizontal haulage entry
belt conveyor
矿车 trolley wagons
机车 locomotive
电力机车 trolley locomotive
蓄电池机车 battery locomotive
矿车 wagon
固定箱式矿车Fixed box wagon
Tipping bucket wagon
Front unloading wagon
底卸式矿车Bottom-dump wagon
立井提高系统
矿井提高系统Mine hoist system
提高机Engine hoist
钢丝绳 wire rope
天轮 head sheave（n.滑轮）
箕斗 skip
辅助运送 auxiliary transportation
Transportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、设备、矸石、人员
副井Auxiliary shaft
Similar to main shaft
罐笼Cage――hoist container
斜井Slope
In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope.
水平运送大巷 horizontal haulage entry
Electric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.
Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.
采区上下山 district rise and dip
1）有极绳提高Direct rope hoist
dip angle：8-22
钢丝绳旳一端与矿车相连，通过绞车（winch）放出和收回。
2）无极绳提高Endless rope hoist
dip angle：≤10
区段运送
Tail entry：wagons ＋ wire rope
Overhead monorail 单轨吊
Overhead endless rope hoist
Transfer conveyor 转载运送机
Stage loader 桥式转载机
Roller curve conveyor 滚轴转弯运送机

Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system

风机：Ventilation fan
回风井：Return shaft
进风井：Intake shaft
Working face
Intake working
回风巷道：Return roadway
新鲜风：Fresh air
Air flow
乏风：Dirty air
回风系统：
抽出式通风：Exhaust ventilation
负压 negative pressure
压入式通风：Forced ventilation
正压 Positive pressure
风机类型：
离心式风机：Centrifugal fan；
轴流式风机：Axial flow fan。
通风设施：Ventilating structures
风墙：Ventilation wall
风门：Air door
风桥：Air bridge
Air regulator
防尘、灭尘：Dust suppression
water spray 洒水，mist spray 喷雾
固定滚筒双向截割采煤机 fixed-drum bi-directional shearer
单滚筒可调高采煤机 single-drum ranging-arm shearer
双滚筒可调高采煤机 double-dram ranging-arm shearer
矿井瓦斯：mine gas
瓦斯：gas，methane，firedamp
All hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4.
Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible.
Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof.

Gas/methane control瓦斯控制
Gassy mine 高瓦斯矿井
Chapter 5 Pillar system

Two distinct phases of operation：
First rooms and pillars are developed in a section.
The second is mining pillars.
Two basic mining methods:
Conventional mining method.一般采煤措施
Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deep
Drilling 钻眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading.
Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆
Loading 装煤 shuttle caràsection belt conveyor. Two shuttl