六、动词的时态和语态省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,六、动词时态和语态,1.（山东，34）I was out of town at the,time,so I dont know exactly how it,.,A.was happeningB.happened,C.happensD.has happened,解析,“事情发生”是和“was out of town”同时,发生，故用普通过去时。,B,1/95,2.（宁夏，26）His sister left home in 1998,and,since.,A.had not been heard of,B.has not been heard of,C.had not heard of,D.has not heard of,解析,句意为：他妹妹自从1998年离开家后一,直杳无音讯。依据句意，指从1998年后到现在一,直没有音讯，故应用现在完成时，排除A和C项；,又因他妹妹和hear of之间是被动关系，故排除,D项。,B,2/95,3.（江苏，21）The population of Jiangsu,to more than twice what it was in,1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million.A.has grownB.have grown,C.grewD.are growing,解析,本句中谈论人口增加是从1949年一直,到现在人口增加，所以应该用现在完成时态。,又因为population作主语时谓语动词应该用单,数，所以此题选A。,A,3/95,4.（江苏，22）Ann is in hospital.,Oh,really?I,know.I,go and visit,her.,A.didnt;am going toB.dont;would,C.dont;willD.didnt;will,答案,D,解析,在听完第一个说话者话之后“我不知道,Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去，所以要用,普通过去时，所以能够排除B、C两项；我去看她,这个动作发生在未来，是暂时决定要去做某事，,没有计划和安排性，所以用普通未来时，不用be,going to结构，由此能够排除A项。故此题应该选,D。,4/95,5.（江苏，25）Hi,Torry,can I use your,computer for a while this afternoon?,Sorry.,.,A.Its repaired,B.It has been repaired,C.Its being repaired,DIt had been repaired,解析,由sorry可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一,个说话者借电脑要求，只有选C项，第二个人,理由才充分。答句句意为：对不起，我电脑,正在被修理。,C,5/95,6.（天津，2）My parents,in Hong,Kong.They were born there and have never,lived anywhere else.,A.liveB.lived,C.were livingD.will live,解析,由第二句中“.have never lived,anywhere else.”可知，空格处应用普通现在时,表示状态。,A,6/95,7.上海，29）Mary went to the box office,at lunch time,but all the tickets,out.,A.would sellB.had sold,C.have soldD.was selling,解析,玛丽去售票处是一个过去动作，而票全,部售完发生在玛丽去售票处之前，所以是“过去,过去”，故用过去完成时。,B,7/95,8.（上海，36）During the period of recent,terrorist activities,people,not to touch,any unattended bag.,A.had always been warned,B.were always being warned,C.are always warning,D.always warned,解析,由句意可知，people与warn之间是被动关,系，故排除C、D两项；A项是过去完成时，表示,“过去过去”，而语境中没有这种时间提醒，故,选B项，即“人们一直被警告不要去触动任何无人,看管包裹”。,B,8/95,9.（江西，29）What is the price of,petrol these days?,Oh,it,sharply since last month.,A.is raisedB.has risen,C.has arisenD.is increased,解析,由since last month可知应该用现在完成,时,首先排除A、D。再依据句意可知应该选B。,rise是不及物动词，意为“上升”，符合题意。,arise意为“站立，出现”，不符合语境。,B,9/95,10.（江西，31）Do you want a lift home?Its very kind of you,but I have to work,late in the office.I overslept this morning,because my alarm clock,.,A.doesnt go offB.wont go off,C.wasnt going offD.didnt go off,解析,由上文I overslept this morning可知,此处谈论是发生在过去一件事，所以用一,般过去时。,D,10/95,11.（四川，15）Why dont we choose,that road to save time?,The bridge to it,.,A.has repairedB.is repaired,C.is being repairedD.will be repaired,解析,依据上下文来看，不选那条路原因是通,向那条路桥梁正在被修，故用现在进行时态,被动语态。,C,11/95,12.（四川，18）You speak very good,French!,Thanks.I,French in Sichuan,University for four years.,A.studiedB.study,C.was studyingD.had studied,解析,句意为:你法语说得很好！谢谢。,我在四川大学学了四年法语。此处表示过去某,一段时间所进行动作，纯粹是过去事实，,与现在没相关系，故用普通过去时。,A,12/95,13.（辽宁，24）Excuse me,Marcia,a,reporter from,Vanity Fair,all day.,Could you speak to her now?,A.phonesB.has phoned,C.has been phoningD.phoned,解析,句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自,Vanity Fair,记者一整天都在打电话，你现,在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始动作一直持,续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all,day表示一段时间。,C,13/95,14.（辽宁，31）My parents have promised,to come to see me before I,for Africa.A.have leftB.leave,C.leftD.will leave,解析,句意为：我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来,看我。主句中have promised to come to see me,表示“答应将要来看我”，时间状语从句中动词,应用普通现在时代替未来。,B,14/95,15.（福建，31）According to the literary,review,Shakespeare,his characters,live through their language in his plays.,A.will makeB.had made,C.was makingD.makes,解析,因为是“依据文学评论”做出事情，故,用普通现在时来表示动作时间性。,D,15/95,动词时态,1.普通现在时,普通现在时是不受时间限制客观存在，指经,常发生动作或存在状态。详细表示：,（1）表示现实状况、性质、状态或经常或习惯性,动作，且常与表频率时间状语连用。,John sometimes sits up very late.,约翰有时很晚才睡。,（2）表示客观事实或普遍现象。,I usually go to bed at nine.我通常9点钟睡觉。,16/95,2.普通未来时几个使用方法比较,（1）be going to表示现在打算在最近或未来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。,（2）shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时暂时想到。,（3）be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。,（4）be about to do sth.表示“即刻，就要”，后面不能接表示未来时间状语。,17/95,（5）用于条件、时间等状语从句中，比如由if,unless,before,as soon as,when,once引导状语从句，用普通现在时代替普通未来时。,（6）少数用于表示动作起止动词。如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin等有时也用普通时态代替未来时态。表示一个按要求、计划或安排要发生动作（表示车、船、飞机等按时刻表要发生动作）。,The plane for Beijing takes off at 930.,去北京飞机930起飞。,（7）少数用于表示动作起止动词，如:go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take等有时也用现在进行时代替未来时。,18/95,3.现在进行时,表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行动作，含有暂时性、连续性、未完成性特点。详细表示：,（1）表示说话时刻正在发生或进行着动作。,（2）表示现在阶段正在进行动作。,4.现在完成时,现在完成时是过去动作或状态对现在影响或对现在造成结果，以及表示从过去开始动作或状态一直连续到现在。注意以下几点：,19/95,（1）现在完成时除能够和for,since引发状语连用外，还能够和下面介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years。,（2）现在完成时还能够用于以下句子结构：,It is/has been+一段时间+since从句,That/This/It is the only.,That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting.,20/95,（3）非延续性动词marry,close,die,arrive,post,come,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,become,start,begin,graduate,假如用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间时间状,语for.，since.连用。,5.普通过去时,是与现在没有联络时态，只强调过去事实，不强,调与现在关系。,21/95,6.过去完成时,（1）第一个类型是：过去完成时+before/by the time/when.+普通过去时。,第二种类型是：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/when+普通过去时。,第三种类型是：I had thought/expected/meant/,wanted.表示过去未实现希望或计划。,第四种类型是：动作发生次序是过去过去。,（2表示过去未实现希望或计划，用I had hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/wanted/to do sth.句型，表示我本希望/想/可能/打算/认为/想做某事。,22/95,7.过去未来时（相对于过去某个时间发生在未来动作）,过去未来时是相对普通未来时时态，使用方法与其相同，但要注意时态改变。,注意,was/were going to do sth.表过去未来，或表示过去未曾实现愿望或想法。,8.现在完成时和现在完成进行时区分,现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直连续到现在动作，也可表示在说话时刻之前刚才结束动作，强调动作连续性。,23/95,I have written three letters.,我已写完三封信。（已写完）,I have been writing three letters.,我一直在写三封信。（可能还在写）,注意,（1）有些动词，如 work,study,live,teach,等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。,（2）以下动词不能用于进行时态。,短暂动作类：finish,marry,get up,come,go等。感官类：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,seem,appear等。,24/95,感觉类：hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive等。,存在类：be,exist,remain,stay,obtain等。,占有、隶属类：have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of 等。,认知类：understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember等。,25/95,被动语态,1.英语中被动语态惯用于以下几个场所：,不知道动作执行者；无须提到动作执行者；强调或侧重动作承受者;动作执行者很含糊；有些动词习惯上惯用被动语态。,Its suggested that we put the meeting off.有些人提议我们延期举行会议。,2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构被动结构,It is known that.众所周知,It is suggested that.有些人提议,26/95,It is believed that.有些人相信,It is hoped that.大家希望,It is thought that.大家认为,3.被动语态与系表结构区分,被动语态中过去分词是动词，表示动作；系表结构中过去分词相当于形容词，表示状态。,These things are sold quickly.（被动语态）,这些东西卖得很快。,These things are all sold out.（系表结构）,这些东西已经卖完了。,27/95,常使用系表结构词有：be seated坐着，be hidden躲藏，be lost迷路，be drunk喝醉，be dressed穿着，be devoted to致力于；献身，be determined决定，be compared比较。,4.不使用被动语态几个情况,（1）当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等系动词后面接形容词时。,（2）当break out,take place,go off,run out,give out,give in,work out,come out,come into being,run out,give in,happen,take place,break out等动词表示“发生；制订”等意思时。,28/95,The plan worked out successfully.,这项计划很成功。,（3）want,require,need,worth,deserve后面动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。,These flowers want/require/need watering.,这些花需要浇水。,（4）有时尽管不定式与其逻辑主语是被动关系，但不定式仍用主动语态。不定式作状语，假如句子中存在light,heavy,difficult,easy,comfortable等词时就应该用不定式主动形式表示被动含义。,（5）当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,lock,shut,dry,drink,wash等表示某种性质且动词带状语修饰语时。,29/95,无时间状语易错点,If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago,you would have known what we,about.,A.talkedB.have talked,C.were talkingD.would talk,因为高考考查动词时态时往往不给出详细,时间状语，所以在解答动词时态题时，考生要善,于从上下文或者详细语境中确定动作发生时,间，从而确定使用什么时态。,30/95,【解题探究】C。句意为：假如你十分钟以前进入聊天室话，你就会知道我们当初正在谈论什么内容。表示过去正在进行动作要用过去进行时。故正确答案为C。,易混时态常错点,The old man who,in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now.,A.livedB.has lived,C.has been livingD.had lived,31/95,对一些轻易混同时态考查也是高考考查动,词时态一大热点。解答该类题目时，考生首先要,掌握各种时态详细使用方法，其次在做题时一定要根,据所给出语境判断动作发生时间：是过去过,去，是过去，是现在，还是未来，然后依据时态,使用方法来确定正确答案。,32/95,【解题探究】A。由“has been settled in a nursing home now”可知，现在那位老人已经不住在那座房子里了，也就是说那位老人在那座房子里住了十年动作并没有连续到现在，与现在没相关系，故不能用完成时。这里只表示过去曾经发生过某事，应该用普通过去时，故正确答案为A。,难辨句式易错点,1.How could I apply for a course online?,Just fill in this form and we what we can,do for you.,33/95,A.seeB.are seeing,C.have seenD.will see,题干为小对话时，一定要读懂语境，要善于从语境中确定动作发生时间。有时看是否是固定句型也会很有用，因为在一些固定句型中时态也是相对固定，如在“祈使句+and+陈说句”这个句型中陈说句往往用普通未来时。,34/95,【解题探究】D。答语意为：先把这个表格填好，我们将看看能为你做些什么。故要用普通未来时。,2.Suddenly everyone stopped talking.It became,clear that something unexpected,.,But,for a while,I didnt know what it was.,A.has happened,B.is happening,C.happened,D.had happened,35/95,主从句中时态一致也是高考考查时态热点,之一。在叙述过去事情时，主句和从句都要用与,过去对应时态。主句为普通现在时时候宾语从,句或其它从句能够依据需要用对应时态。,【解题探究】D。由语境可知这里是在叙述过去发,生事情。这里强调是在“everyone stopped,talking”这一过去动作之前发生动作，即表示“过,去过去发生动作”，故用过去完成时。,36/95,难辨时态语态易错点,（湖南，27）Would you please keep silent?The weather report,and I want to listen.,A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast,C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast,在考查动词时态和语态时，高考试题往往把,时态和语态放在一起考查。要解答好这种类型题,目，首先要判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，判断,用哪种语态主要是判断主语与谓语动词之间关系；,其次再判断动作发生时间。,37/95,【解题探究】B。句意为：请你保持平静好吗？正,在广播天气预报，我想听听。broadcast与主语the,weather report组成逻辑上动宾关系，且该动作正,在进行，所以要用现在进行时被动语态形式。,2.Water,at 100.In such hot weather,it,wont take much time to boil water.,A.boilsB.is boiled,C.will boilD.is boiling,38/95,主动形式表示被动意义也是高考考查动词时,态和语态热点之一。当谓语动词被用来说明主语,性质或特征时，往往用主动表示被动，因为此时,谓语动词并不强调是一个被动动作。,【解题探究】A。“水在100会沸腾”这是一个客观,事实，也是水一个性质，故选A。又如：The knife,cuts sharply.这把刀很尖锐。,39/95,1.（合肥市三次质检）Although many,measures,the worlds economy is still,going down.,A.were takenB.have been taken,C.will be takenD.are taken,解析,考查动词时态与语态。表示过去发生,动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；take,与measures之间组成动宾关系，所以要用被动语,态。,B,40/95,2.（安徽皖南八校三次联考）This,Monday morning I was informed I,as,one of the three exchange students from our,college.,A.had been choosingB.was chosen,C.had been chosenD.was choosing,解析,choose动作发生在过去过去，应用过,去完成时。此处又表示被动，故用过去完成时,被动语态。,C,41/95,3.（安徽名校联考（二）The pianist,planned to give a concert on March 8 but the,date,because of his illness.,A.was postponing,B.was postponed,C.had been postponed,D.was being postponed,解析,考查时态和语态。日期被推迟，所以用被,动；这里表示是对过去动作普通性陈说，应用,普通过去时。,B,42/95,4.（杭州二次质检）Years ago we didnt,know this,but recent science,that women,who drink more than two cups of coffee,every day are more likely to have heart,disease than those who dont.,A.showedB.has shown,C.will showD.is showing,解析,考查时态。这里用现在完成时表示已经得,出了该结论。,B,43/95,5.（杭州二次质检）If I hadnt been,caught in the heavy rain,I could have been,back by 7 oclock.,What a pity!Stella,here to see you.A.isB.was,C.would beD.has been,解析,考查时态。第一句是与过去事实相反虚,拟语气，所以第二句应该用普通过去时。,B,44/956.（温州二次质检）Youd better keep,quiet in class.,Sometimes I,.Yesterday,I was as,quiet as a mouse during my English class.,A.wouldB.do,C.didD.was,解析,考查动词时态。依据语境来看应该是描,述了主语习惯性行为，所以要用现在时。,B,45/95,7.（金丽衢十二校二次联考）When you,finish your work,dont forget to put the tools,back where they,.,A.areB.will be,C.wereD.had been,解析,考查时态。这里指是拿之前位置，故,要用过去式。,C,46/95,8.（金丽衢十二校二次联考）Hurry,up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the,school gate.,Oh!I thought they,without me.,A.wentB.are going,C.have goneD.had gone,解析,考查时态。答语意为：我原认为她们不等我,就走了呢。“想”和“走”两个动作有时间上先后,关系，故用过去完成时。,D,47/95,9.（济南市二次统考）Hey,Lee.I,you never took interest in computer games.,What a surprise!,A.dont thinkB.didnt think,C.thinkD.thought,解析,考查时态。句意为：太令人诧异了，我原,认为你绝不会对电脑游戏感兴趣。说话人现在,发觉Lee对电脑游戏感兴趣，以前没想到。,D,48/95,10.（济南市二次统考）Excuse me,I,wonder if you can help.I,my ID card.,But where did you lose it?,A.have lostB.lost,C.had lostD.lose,解析,考查时态。普通过去时和现在完成时均,可表示事情已经发生，但普通过去时强调动作本,身，而现在完成时强调该动作结果和影响。第,一个人说自己ID card丢了想寻求帮助，所以,应用现在完成时。,A,49/95,11.（潍坊市二次质检）And the horses,up to the finish line.Theyre neck and,neck.neck and neck all the way.Oh,the,Italian horse Mamma Mia,the race!,A.come;is winning,B.have come;wins,C.are coming;won,D.are coming;wins,答案,D,解析,考查时态。第一空是进行时表示未来意,为“马即将抵达终点”；第二空是表示客观事实。,50/95,12.（潍坊市二次质检）The BBC news,is usually not difficult to,but its,often too hard to,.,A.pick up;be understood,B.pick up;understand,C.be picked;understand,D.be picked;be understood,答案,B,解析,在表语形容词difficult,hard后用不定,式主动形式表示被动含义。,51/95,13.（潍坊市一次质检）If a computer,crashes,you will lose the file you,on if,you dont save it early enough.,A.are workingB.work,C.will workD.worked,解析,考查时态。结合语境可知此处应该用现,在进行时。,A,52/95,14.（青岛二次质检）I understand its,not your fault,but the airline,they,would deliver my baggage yesterday.,A.promisesB.has promised,C.promisedD.had promised,解析,考查动词时态。从后面时间状语,yesterday可知，描述是过去发生事情，应,用普通过去时态。,C,53/95,15.（青岛市一次质检）Because of the,Russian gas limit to Europe,attempts,to,use botanical fuel as a source of power.,A.have madeB.having made C.are being madeD.will be making,解析,考查时态。句意为：因为俄罗斯限制向欧,洲出口天然气，他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为,一个新能源。此处make和attempts之间是动,宾关系，故用被动语态。,C54/95,16.（青岛市一次质检）Mom,you,should have taken me to the park this,morning.,I had planned to,but I couldnt afford the,time.I,a lecture.,A.had givenB.gave,C.was givingD.would give,解析,考查动词时态。表示过去某一时间正在进,行动作，用过去进行时。故选项C正确。,C,55/95,17.（烟台二次模拟）Where can we,get your new science fiction?,Im sorry,it,and will come out next,week.,A.has been printedB.will be printed,C.is printedD.is being printed,解析,考查动词时态。依据后面will come,out next week可知，应该选择D项，用现在进行,时被动语态表示（小说）正在（被）印刷中。,D,56/95,18.（山东命题教授原创卷（一）You,should have come to the party last Saturday,evening.It was really wonderful.,But a friend,an unexpected visit to me.A.paidB.had paid,C.would payD.has paid,解析,考查时态。由对话可知，答话人没有去参加,宴会是因为“一个朋友事先没有通知我就来看我,了”，表示过去发生一个事实，用普通过去时，,答案为A。,A,57/95,19.（山东命题教授原创卷（二）Hi,Susan,where were you at lunch time?I,a,seat for you in the coffee shop.,Oh,sorry to miss you.My political science,class ran longer than usual.,A.am savingBwas saving,C.had savedD.have saved,解析,考查时态。依据语境判断，吃饭是过去发,生事情，强调在吃饭过程中“一直为对方留,着位子”，应该用过去进行时。,B,58/95,20.（山东命题教授原创卷（四）Do,you know our city of Xian at all?,No,not at all.You see,this is the first time,I,here.,A.cameB.am coming,C.wasD.have been,解析,考查时态。It/This is the first/last,time(that)sb.have/has done sth.为固定句型。,D,59/95,.语法填空,1.（山东命题教授原创卷（五）She,speaks German well because she stayed in,Germany.,Really?How long,there?,A.does she stayB.is she staying,C.has she stayedD.did she stay,解析,考查时态。结合上一句中stayed可知说话人,问是过去一段时间所处状态，所以用普通过,去时。选D。,D,60/95,2.（山东命题教授原创卷（七）For some,time now,Chinese people,under the,leadership of CPC,the contents of the,Scientific Development Theory in the course,of practicing socialism in China.,A.had been improving B.have been improving,C.were improvingD.improved,解析,考查时态。句意为：一段时间以来，中国,人民在中国共产党领导下，在实践中国社会主,义进程中，一直在丰富和发展“科学发展观”,思想。由句中时间状语“For some time now”可,知，这里要用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去某一时间一直连续到现在，还有,可能继续连续下去。,B,61/95,3.（山东命题教授原创卷（七）No one is,sure who the dictionary,.,A.belonging toB.belongs to,C.is belonged toD.is belonging to,解析,考查语态。从句缺谓语，belong to不可用,于进行时和被动语态，故选B。句意为：没有些人能,确定那本词典是谁。,B,62/95,4.（山东命题教授原创卷（八）It,quite,correct that happiness comes from thinking,about things in a positive way.,A.has turned outB.has been turned out C.in turning outD.is turned out,解析,考查时态和语态。turn out“结果是”在这,里作连系动词用，不用进行时态，也不能用被动,语态。故A项正确。,A,63/95,5.（山东命题教授原创卷（九）Ever since,the financial crisis,many workers,from their jobs.,A.broke out;are laid off,B.broke out;have been laid off,C.has broken out;were laid off,D.broke out;had been laid off,答案,B,解析,考查时态。ever since引导时间状语从句，,从句用过去时。主句表示从过去连续到现在情,况，所以用现在完成时。,64/95,6.（山东命题教授原创卷（十）When,did you move to Beijing?,Last year.But I,in a school in Japan,for 8 years.,A.has taughtB.has been taught,C.have been teachingD.taught,解析,考查时态在详细语境中利用。从答