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Module 1 My First Day at Senior High
1 How’s it going? = How is everything recently?
2 cover：涉及，波及● be covered with 被……覆盖
3 at the end of … 在……结束时候 Eg ：Class 5 is at the end of the corridor.
● in the end = at last 最后，终于 （一般时态）Eg：I am sure I will win in the end.
● by the end of … 到……为止 (后用完毕时态)
Eg :① By the end of this term，we will have learnt two English books.
② By the end of last year，we had finished our task.
● end up with 以……告终
4 receive 客观上收到；accept 主观上收到 Eg :I received his invitation but did not accept it.
5 divide：划分，把整体分为若干某些 Eg :The world is divide into five continents.
※比较 separate：分隔，把本来连在一起或接近分隔开来
6 表参与活动短语：
take part in + 活动 join the party join in the game attend + the meeting
7. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.
体现“吃惊”几种单词：
◆ surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到惊异或惊讶”。 Eg：His coming surprised me.
◆ astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊”，语意较强。
Eg：I was astonished to see he got up so early.
◆ amaze指“由于觉得似乎不也许或很少也许发生事浮现而感到大为惊讶、困惑不解”，语意较强。 Eg :I was amazed at his confidence.
8. Every room has a computer with a special screen，almost as big as a cinema screen.
as … as…体现“和……同样……”。Eg：My book is as interesting as yours.
9. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Mr. Shen. called Ms Shen在此作定语。
10. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school.
(1) 体现“措施、措施”几种单词：
◆ method 作可数名词，指（系统、逻辑）措施、措施。背面常接of + 动名词，不接不定式）；作不可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律。
Eg :① He is a man of having accurate and strict methods.
② We must get some method into our office filling.
◆ way为可数名词，后接不定式或of + 动名词。
Eg :① We must find a way to solve this kind of problem.
② The normal way of carrying out such a kind plan is very difficult.
◆ means单复数形式相似，其前有a，one，this，that，every等有时表单数意义，其前有such，these，those，all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性含义，后可接不定式，也可接of + 动名词/名词。 Eg：There is no means of finding out what happened.
(2) nothing like + n./pron.
◆ 完全不像，一点也不像Eg :She’s nothing like her mother.
◆没有什么能赶得上Eg :There’s nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested.
11. I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class！
Think体现意见和见解，其后宾语从句中否认词not被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否认转移”。类似动词尚有：expect，believe，suppose，imagine等。
Eg :① I don’t suppose that she will be back until night.
② I shall not expect you till I see you.
12 We do this in a fun way，with spelling games and other activities.
in a … way以……方式： Eg：Children like playing games in a fun way.
※[辨析] in this way / in no way / in the way / in a way / by the way / on the way
◆ in this way 用这种措施、手段Eg ：Only in this way can you work out the problem.
◆ in no way 决不 Eg ：We can in no way give in to the enemy.
◆ in the way，也可以写成in one’s way，意思是“挡了某人路”，“阻碍了某人”。
Eg :① The box is just in my way to the room.
② Don’t stand in the way when I am carrying out the plan.
◆ in a way 在某种限度上，有点 Eg：You are correct in a way.
◆ by the way意思是“顺便说一下”，“顺便问一句”，也可以体现“在途中”。多位于句首。
Eg :① By the way，where has he gone?② He stopped for a picnic by the way.
◆ I’ll buy some bread on the / my way home. ② She is on the way to becoming a doctor.
7. In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.
(1) in other words意为“换言之，换句话说，也就是说”。
(2) three times as many girls as boys是比较构造。其基本形式是“as + adj/adv原级 + as 从句”。
Eg :① This room is as big as that one. ② Mary runs as fast as Jenny.
类似构造尚有“as + much +不可数名词+ as 从句”。 He saved as much money as he could.
8.look forward to意思是“盼望”，背面跟名词或动词ing形式。
Eg ：I don’t know what result they are looking forward to seeing.
※[联想、发散] 英语中诸多短语中to为介词。
devote … to 献身于…… get down to … 认真考虑…… pay attention to … 注意……
stick to … 坚持…… get used to … 习惯于…… lead to … 导致……
9.Li Kang is very impressed with the teachers and the technology in his new school.
Impress及物动词 (1) 予以（人）印象。
Eg :Their manners impressed us favorably.
(2) 使（人、心等）铭记（事、物）（un，upon）。
Eg：That accident impressed on me the necessity of traffic regulations.
(3) 感动（人），打动（人心）(with，by)。
Eg：He impressed the world with his adventure. 她冒险精神使全球人深受感动。
10. Would you mind answering the questions for me?----------mind+ing形式，不可以用不定式。
11. At the end of twelfth grade，American students receive the high school diploma.
at the end一般不单独使用，后常接of短语，意为“在……结束时候”，体现时间点，因而句子多用一般时态。Eg :At the end of the talk，he expressed his great satisfaction with us.
※[辨析]
◆ by the end 一般不单独使用，后常跟of短语，意为“到……结束时候”，体现一段时间，因而句子多用完毕时态，如过去完毕时或将来完毕时。
Eg ：By the end of last term，we had learnt 1000 words.
◆ in the end后不可跟of短语，体现最后成果，相称于finally或at last。
Eg :They found the lost boy in the end.
12. The school year is divided into two semesters
be divided into 指把一种整体提成若干某些，有时体现“平均提成几份”意思。
◆ separate … from 把……和……分隔开，指由于事物阻隔而被分离。
Eg：Only a narrow strait separates North America from South America.
Module 2 My New Teacher
1. Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands.
make sure 一定要，保证做到，弄清晰
Eg：Make sure you finish your homework on time. 一定要准时完毕作业。
※[辨析] sure & certain
(1) sure与certain意思基本相似，但sure强调主语心理状态，指主语心中无疑或十分确信、有把握，着重于人内心世界。
Eg :He was sure that the manager must have read the letter.
(2) certain侧重阐明有必然理由和证据，使人相信或确信，强调内心世界之外证据。Eg :It is certain that his brother will come to his help. 显然，她弟弟会来帮她。
(3) 当主语是人时，sure和certain常可替代，意思相差不大，但由于sure多体现人内心世界，故其主语只能是人，且不能用来形容事件，因此当主语是体现事件名词或代词时，或主语是it时，只能用certain。：
Eg：It isn’t quite certain whether he will be present at the meeting.
2. I think perhaps she was，as it was her first lesson with us.
As在这里是连词，，意思是“既然，由于”，多位于句首，常用来阐明较为明显因素。
Eg：As there are many things for us to do today，we’d better ask for some help.今天我们要干事情诸多，我们就叫些人来帮忙。
※[辨析] because / since / as / for
都是体现因素或理由连接词，在语调上由强至弱依次为because à since à as à for。
◆ because引导从句多置于句末，体现直接因素或理由，或产生那种成果必然因果关系，在回答why提问时，必要用because作答。
Eg :The light went out because the oil was out.
◆ as与since引导从句多置于句首，但是as体现十分明显因素，只阐明一般因果关系，可译为“由于由于”，而since则体现稍加分析、对方已知因素，一般译为“既然”。
Eg：① As it is too late，you’d better stay here.
② Since the town is far from here，you may go there by bus.
◆ for是并列连词，所引导不是因素状语从句，而是体现理由对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和阐明。Eg：It must have rained last night，for the ground is so wet.
3. She is kind and patient，and explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!
I hate making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English，but Mrs. Li just smiles，so that you don’t feel completely stupid.
这两句中都使用了“so that”，但意义完全不同。“so … that”可译为“如此……以至于……”，有如下几种构造：
◆ so + 形容词或副词 + that …Eg He ran so quickly that I couldn’t keep up with him.
◆ so + 形 + a(n) + 单数可数名词+ that …Bob is so tall a man that he can reach the ceiling.
◆ so + many / few +复数可数名词+ that … 或者so + much / little + 不可数名词+ that …
Eg :There is so little water left that only small children and patients were give some.
◆ so that相称于“in order that”，表目。 Check carefully so that any mistakes will be caught.
4. She’s very strict – we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.
（1）dare做情态动词时重要用于疑问句、否认句及条件状语从句中。
Eg :①I dare not go there. ② Dare you ask him?
（2）可用实义动词dare Eg：① I don’t dare to go there. ② Do you dare to ask him?
5. There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late …
keep doing持续不断地做某事，常常做某事 They kept trying until they succeeded.
※ [辨析] keep doing sth / keep on doing sth / keep sb doing / keep sb from doing sth
◆ keep doing sth ，keep on doing sth.均具有“继续、反复”之意，许多状况下可以通用。有时keep doing sth 描述客观事实，无感情色彩，可译作“持续地、始终不断地做某事”。keep on doing sth 则带有感情色彩，译 “总是反复地做某事”。
Eg：① He kept thinking of the question.（描述“念念不忘”这一客观事实。）
② Don’t keep on thinking of the same question.（强调主观厌烦情绪）
◆ keep sb / sth doing 体现“让某人/某物处在做某事状态”
Eg :The boss kept his workers working day and night.
◆ keep sb / sth. from doing sth制止某人/某物做某事
Eg：The heavy rain kept us from starting out on time. 大雨使我们不能准时出发。
6. appreciate vt. 有如下几种意思：
（1）鉴赏，欣赏，品味，玩味（文学、艺术等）
Eg :You cannot appreciate English literature unless you understand the language
(2). 感谢（她人好意等），感谢 Eg：I greatly appreciate your kindness.
7. During scientific experiments，she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.
as a result介词短语，意思是“因而，就这样”，相称于therefore。
Eg :She had so much cold drink yesterday. As a result，she fell ill and had a high fever today.
※ [归纳、拓展]
◆ as a result (of) 作为……成果
Eg：As a result of the flood，thousands of peasants lost their food.
◆ result in 引致，导致。
Eg：His laziness results in his failure in the exam.
8. … but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen teaching me.
(1) with + 名词 + 副词 Eg :With all the lights out，the room was dark.
(2) with + 名词 + adj Eg :With the door and windows open wide，the room was very cold.
(3) with + 名词 + 名词 Eg：In the north is Scotland，with its capital Edinburgh.
(4) with + 名词 + 介词短语Eg：The man came in with a book in his hand.。
(5) with + 名词 + 目前分词（名词和目前分词间为积极关系，状态正在进行）
Eg :With all the students doing their homework silently，the teacher walked around the classroom.
(6) with + 名词 + 过去分词（强调名词是-ed分词动作承受者或动作已发生）
Eg：From the window she could see a tall tree，with a dog tied to it.
(7) with + 名词 + 不定式（强调动作尚未发生）
Eg :With machinery to do all the work，the farm is highly mechanized.
9. He’s got so much energy，this is one class you do not fall asleep in！她精力充沛，在她课上你绝不会想睡觉（感到困倦）。
(1) 请注意，这里 in是不可少。可以把本句分为两句：This is one class. In the class you don’t fall asleep.
(2) 请注意，这里one class中class既不解释为“班级”，也不和前面第4点中the class really likes working with her同样解释为“全班同窗”，而是解释为“课”。
(3) 这里fall asleep中asleep为形容词，只能作表语，而sleep则为名词和动词。作为教师，请注意加“a-”构词法，大某些是表语形容词，如：alike，alive，alone，ashamed，awake，aware，etc.
Module 3 My First Ride on a Train
(1) distance：n. 距离 Eg ① at a distance 在远处 ② at a distance from 离……有一段距离
③ from a distance 在远处 ④ in the distance 在远方，在远处
（2）supply：v. 供应，供应，补充 Supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.
Eg：They supply the homeless children with food. =They supply food to the homeless children.
其复数形式supplies指“日用品，生活必须品，补给品”等
1. Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train.不久前，我第一次乘坐长途火车。
（1）句子中long-distance体现法，这是由adjective + noun构成复合形容词。类似有full-time全日制，second-hand二手，first-rate一流，high-class高档，large-scale大规模，high-tech高科技，kind-hearted善良，absent-minded走神，good-looking样子好看。
除此之外，尚有其她复合词体现法：
名词：daughter-in-law媳妇，speed-reading迅速阅读
动词：baby-sit照顾婴儿，window-shop观望，物色
2. And what a ride!！ 感慨句，主谓语被省略，全句是：What a (beautiful) ride it was!
诸多感慨句是由what或how引起，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。
Eg :(1) What a nice voice he has！ What a tall boy he is!
(2) How nice a voice he has！ How tall a boy he is!
3. Suddenly，it looked like a place from another time. Look like … 看起来好象……
4. I sat and looked out of the window. 我坐在那儿看着窗外。
look out看外面，小心；look out of …看着……外面
5. They tried riding horses，but the horses didn’t like the hot weather and sand.
try doing sth. 尝试干某事 try to do sth. 竭力干某事
Eg :① We should try to make everything ready before the teacher comes.
②The students tried doing the experiment some other way.
6. The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s. the 1920s 20世纪代
请注意时间体现法： the 1830s 19世纪30年代
the 60s 60年代 in her 80s 在她八十多岁时候
7. Traveling at a speed over 400 kilometres per hour，the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes. 请注意速度speed和介词at 连用：
at a speed of 50 miles at the top of one’s speed
Module 4 A Social Survey – My Neighbourhood
(1) It’s been six years since we last saw each other，you know.
◆ since +过去一种时间点（如具体年、月、日期、钟点；1980，last month，half past six）
Eg：I have been here since 1989.
◆ since + 一段时间+ago Eg：I have been here since five months ago.
◆ since +从句 Eg :Great changes have taken place since you left.
◆ It is +一段时间+ since从句 Eg：It is two months since I became a teacher.
(2) And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.
This/It is +序数词+time + (that) + sb + have done sth体现“第几次做某事”
Eg :① This is the second time I have been to Changsha.
(3) …but this is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to.◆This is the best tea I have ever drunk
◆注意(sb) have been to a place：（某人）到过某地（该人现已不在那个地方）
(sb) have gone to a place：（某人）已去了某地（该人不在说话现场
(4) It’s so lively，and every one seems so friendly.
lively：活泼，有气愤，用做定语或表语，可以指人或物 Eg :I find the girl has a lively mind.
◆ live：活，活生生，有生命，现场直播（做定语，放在被修饰名词前）
Eg：① Have you caught a live fish in the river?
② There is a live basketball match at 9:45 tonight.
◆ living：活，健在，现行（作表语或定语）
Eg :Ba Jin is regarded as one of the best living writers.
◆ alive：活，有生命（作表语，后置定语或补足语，作表语时候，可与living互换）
Eg：He was alive / living when he was sent to the hospital.
(5) I feel very fortunate living here. 生活在这里我感到很幸运。
(sb) feel fortunate (in) doing sth （某人）因有机会做某事而感到幸运
(6) What’s the difference among the following sentences?
You live in the northwest of Xiamen. (in：范畴之内)
You live to the northwest of Xiamen. (to：范畴之外，不接壤)
You live on the coast of the sea. (on:范畴之内，可指接壤，也可指在河畔)
(7) Pretty hot and wet in the summer，but it can be quite cold in winter.
注意:两者都可以用作副词，意为“相称、很”，
(8) Sounds OK to me. / That sounds great. Sound连系动词，后跟adj作表语，无被动语态。
类似词尚有look，smell，taste，feel，get，turn，become等。
(9) You don’t really see tourists where I live. 我住地方你其实是看不见游客。
此句是where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”。
Eg :① Where there is a will，there is a way. ② Put the book where it was!
(10) They’ve put up a lot of high-rise building recently. put up有建立意思
(11) Now we’re leaving the business district and approaching the harbour.
be + V-ing:用目迈进行时体现将来，往往体现：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。有此类用法词尚有come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。
Eg :①I'm leaving tomorrow. ② Are you staying here till next week?
(12) So they tell me. 她们就是这样告诉我。
So在倒装句中不批准义：
① so + 助动词＋B：A怎么样，B也怎么样
② B＋助动词＋so：A让B去做某事，B按A规定去做了
③ so + A + 助动词：A旳确怎么样
[有关] either/nor +助动词+B：A不怎么 样，B也不怎么样
④如前一句中谓语既有必然，又有否认，应用So it is/was with B或It is/was the same with B。
Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
(1) When we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen.
react vi. & vt.
① 作出反映，反映。后接介词to。 Eg：How did she react to the news?
② 影响，起作用。后接介词on / upon。 Eg：The two react upon each other.
③ 抗拒，对抗。后接against 。
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
④ 起反作用，反过来起作用。常接介词on / upon。 Eg：Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
⑤ [化]起化学作用，[物]反映。后接介词with / on。
Eg：a. How do acids react on metals?
b. An acid can react with a base to form a salt.
(2) To find out if iron rusts in dry air.弄清晰铁在干燥空气中与否生锈。
find out 指通过探听、询问、调查之后，才发现某事或事情真相。
Eg：① He has found out the man who stole the watch.
② Will you try to find out when the trains leave?
[辨析]◆ find有偶尔发现某物意思
Eg：On her way home，Tim found a wallet lying on the ground.
◆ discover体现发现存在但此前不为人知事物，也可体现发现已为人知事物新性质或用途，这种发现也许是故意，也也许是无意。
Eg：Madame Curie discovered the element of radium.
(2) Put these words in the correct order to describe the stages of a scientific experiment.
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