英语语音音标市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语语音基础知识,一、关于语音几种概念,1)字母(,26,个)：语言书写形式。,元音字母：,a,e,i(y),o,u,辅音字母:,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,2)音标：词语音形式。,记载音素符号，可写在,中，或写在,/,中，如,name,:,/,neim,/。,3)音素：音最小单位。英语中有48音素。,4)音节：由元音和辅音构成发音单位。,apple,student,teacher,understand,第1页,第1页,5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；,是构成音节主要音。英语中有20元音。,6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；,不是构成音节主要音。英语中有28辅音。,7)开音节：,a,)辅音+元音+辅音+,e,如,name,bike,;,b,)辅音+元音 如,he,go,hi,8)闭音节：,a,)辅音+元音+辅音,bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;,b,)元音+辅音,it,9)重读音节：单词中发音尤其响亮音节。,第2页,第2页,1.元音：,i:i E:E u:u,e Q O:O V a:,ei ai Oi Eu au iE CE uE,2.辅音：,轻辅音：,p t k f,T,s S tS,ts tr,h,浊辅音：,b d g v D z,Z,dZ dz dr r,鼻辅音：,m n N,舌边音：,l,半元音：,w,j,第3页,第3页,二、元音 (注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入音标),1),i:,s,ea,h,e,s,ee,p,ie,ce,bel,ie,ve,2),i,s,i,t,b,ui,ld,m,i,ss,m,y,th,3),e,b,e,d,d,e,sk,h,ea,d,4),b,a,d,l,a,nd,b,a,nk,st,a,mp,5),A,:,c,ar,f,a,st,cl,a,ss,pl,a,nt,c,a,lm,au,nt,6),u:,f,oo,d,wh,o,bl,ue,s,ou,p,7),u,l,oo,k,p,u,t,w,o,man,c,ou,l,d,第4页,第4页,8),O,:,d,oor,m,ore,sp,ort,b,al,l,w,ar,m,au,thor,c,our,t,b,ough,t,c,augh,t,9),O,h,o,t,w,a,nt,b,o,x,10),V,c,u,p,c,o,me,bl,oo,d,r,ou,gh,11),E,:,g,ir,l,w,or,k,s,er,ve,n,ur,se,12),E,cad,re,a,go,f,or,get,p,o,lite,doll,ar,doct,or,fam,ou,s,Sat,ur,day,13),ei,c,a,ke,th,ey,pl,ay,eigh,t,gr,ea,t,14),ai,b,i,ke,d,i,e,n,ei,ther,l,igh,t,tr,y,f,i,nd,h,eigh,t,e,y,e,第5页,第5页,15),u,ph,o,ne,c,o,ld,b,oa,t,s,ou,l,gr,ow,16),au,h,ou,se,t,ow,n,17),O,i,b,oy,oi,l,l,oy,al,18),iE,ear,d,ear,id,ea,d,eer,h,ere,f,ier,ce,19),CE,b,ear,p,ear,c,are,th,ere,f,air,20),uE,t,our,p,oor,第6页,第6页,三、容易混淆元音,1),e,b,e,d,m,e,n,p,e,n,l,en,d,b,a,d,m,a,n,p,a,n,l,a,nd,c,a,t,h,a,t,b,a,t,2),i:,t,ea,m,ea,n,r,ea,d,gr,ee,t,ei,r,ai,l,gr,ea,t,m,ai,n,r,ai,d,3),e,b,e,t,r,e,d,s,ai,d,h,ea,d,ai,b,i,te,wr,i,te,s,i,de,h,i,de,4),au,h,ou,se,l,ou,d,s,ou,th,n,ow,c,ou,nt,cl,ou,d,O,:,h,or,se,l,or,d,s,au,ce,n,or,c,or,n,cl,au,se,5),au,f,ou,nd,g,ow,n,d,ow,n,f,u,nd,m,o,ther,d,o,ne,第7页,第7页,四、,辅音,1),p,p,en,2),b,b,ed,comb,3),t,t,ell,want,student,moment,4),d,d,ay,play,ed,wor,d,5),k,c,old,s,k,y,qui,ck,s,ch,ool,ba,ck,a,c,cept,6),g,bi,g,g,o,gu,ess,lan,g,uage,7),m,m,an,mother,climb,8),n,n,i,n,e,kn,ife,dow,n,tow,n,9),N,ba,n,k,u,n,cle,E,n,glish,si,ng,10),l,l,and,wor,l,d,l,itt,l,e,l,esson,第8页,第8页,11),r,r,ead,wr,ite,12),f,f,ive,cou,gh,lau,gh,13),v,v,oice,o,f,14),T,th,ink,th,ank,th,ree,th,in,15),D,th,is,ba,th,e,16),s,s,it,mi,ss,sc,ience,ca,s,e,s,carf,17),z,z,oo,clo,s,e,18),S,s,ure,sh,e,so,c,i,al,na,t,i,on,ma,ch,ine,19),Z,plea,s,ure,u,s,ually,trea,s,ure,20),h,h,ot,wh,o,h,our,第9页,第9页,21),w,w,all,wh,at,w,e,22),j,y,es,y,esterday,y,ellow,23),tS,ch,ild,tea,ch,ca,tch,24),dZ,j,oke,bri,dge,pa,g,e,lar,g,e,25),ts,boa,ts,studen,ts,26),dz,goo,ds,fin,ds,min,ds,27),tr,tr,ee,tr,eat,tr,ue,in,tr,oduce,28),dr,dr,eam,dr,ive,第10页,第10页,五、容易混淆辅音,1)v,v,et,v,est,v,ine,v,ery,w,w,et,w,est,w,ine,w,ell,2)s,s,ink,s,ort,mi,ss,ma,ss,T,th,ink,th,ought,my,th,ma,th,3)z clo,s,ing,bree,z,e,bay,s,D,clo,th,ing,brea,th,e,ba,th,es,4)n thi,n,si,n,ba,n,wi,n,ra,n,N,thi,ng,;si,ng,;ba,ng,wi,ng,;ra,ng,第11页,第11页,六、读音规则,一、元音字母在开音节中读字母名称音,a,ei,e,i:,i/y,AI,o,EU,u,JU:,n,a,me n,ei,m pl,a,ne pl,ei,n t,a,ke t,ei,k b,a,by ,b,ei,bi l,a,te l,ei,t s,a,fe s,ei,f,sh,e,S,i:,th,e,se,Di:z,w,e,W,i:,e,ve,i:,v,th,e,me,T,i:,M,b,e,B,i:,b,i,ke b,ai,k fly fl,ai,drive dr,ai,v time t,ai,m nice n,ai,s kite k,ai,t type t,ai,p spy sp,ai,第12页,第12页,六、读音规则,(一)元音字母在开音节中读字母名称音,a,ei,e,i:,i,AI,o,EU,u,JU:,th,o,se,D,EU,z,cl,o,se,kl,EU,z,g,o,g,EU,h,o,me,h,EU,m,t,o,e,t,EU,n,o,n,EU,c,u,te,k,JU:,t,h,u,ge,h,JU:,dZ,t,u,be,t,JU:,b,m,u,le,m,J,U,:,l,st,u,dent,st,J,U:,dEnt,u,se,JU:z,第13页,第13页,六、读音规则,1.元音字母在开音节中例外音：,a,ei,e,i:,i,AI,o,EU,u,JU:,h,a,ve,hQv,g,i,ve,giv,l,i,ve,liv,m,o,ve,mu:v,sh,o,e,Su:,c,o,me,cVm,s,o,me,sVM,wh,o,hu:,2.o,在,n,v,th,前面时，读作,V,br,o,ther,BRVDE,m,o,ther,MVDE,l,o,ve,l,Vv,gl,o,ve,glVv,o,ne,WVn,s,o,n s,V,n,3.u,在辅音字母,l,r,j,后时,，,读作,u:,bl,u,e blu:j,u,ne d,Z,u:n r,u,le ru:l tr,u,e tru:tr,u,th tru:,T,第14页,第14页,字母,发音,例 词,ea,i:,ea,t,t,ea,b,e,at,h,ea,t,m,ea,t,n,ea,t,e,h,ea,d,br,ea,d,bred,l,ea,d,d,ea,d,ei,br,ea,k,breik,gr,ea,t,greit,iE,id,ea,idiE,r,ea,l,RiEL,例外,r,ea,lity,ri(:),QlEti,cr,ea,te,kri,eit,第15页,第15页,字母,发音,例 词,ear,iE,ear,n,ear,h,ear,d,ear,tear,E:,ear,ly,ear,th,ear,n,h,ear,d,l,ear,n,y,ear,CE,b,ear,w,ear,p,ear,A:,h,ear,t,第16页,第16页,字母,发音,例 词,ou,V,c,ou,ntry,c,ou,sin,tr,ou,ble,t,ou,ch,u:,y,ou,th,gr,ou,p,s,ou,p,w,ou,nd,au,m,ou,se,gr,ou,nd,s,o,uth,例外,s,ou,l,s,Eu,L 灵魂、精神,第17页,第17页,发音,字母,例 词,CE,ear,b,ear,p,ear,are,b,are,c,are,d,are,f,are,h,are,r,are,CE,ere,th,ere,wh,ere,iE,h,ere,m,ere,例外,are,A:,w,ere,WE:,第18页,第18页,发音,字母,例词,例外,O,:,au,au,gust，,au,tumn,au,nt ,a:nt,Bec,au,se bikOz,Au,stralia,O,streiliE,augh,c,augh,t，t,augh,t，d,augh,ter,L,augh,lA:f,aw,dr,aw,，l,aw,，s,aw,第19页,第19页,字母,发音,阐明,例词,例 外,our,au,E,在重读音节中,fl,our,，h,our,our,t,our,tu,E,O:,在重读音节中,f,our,，p,our,，c,our,se,j,our,ney,dZE:,ni,E,在非重读音节中,hon,our,，fav,our,，col,our,第20页,第20页,字母,发音,阐明,例 词,ex,igz,以字母组合ex开头单词，若ex后接一个元音字母且重音不在第一个音节上,则ex读igz,ex,a,m,ex,a,ct,ex,a,mple,ex,i,st,iks,以字母组合ex开头单词，若ex后接一个辅音字母，且重音不在第一个音节上,则ex读iks,ex,c,use,ex,p,ect,ex,p,lain,ex,p,ensive,ex,p,eriment,eks,以字母组合ex开头单词，无论ex后接元音还是辅音字母，只要重音在第一个音节上,则ex读eks,exercise,extra,exhibition,expert,explanation,第21页,第21页,在字母组合,ance,and,和,ant,中,a,读,A:,ance,A:ns,and,A:nd,ant,A:nt 如,ch,ance,d,ance,ad,v,ance,Fr,ance,但是entr,ance,entrEns,de,m,and,com,m,and,pl,ant,w,ant,第22页,第22页,在字母组合,ation,读,eiSEn 如且单词重音在ei 上。,如：,n,ation,explan,ation,educ,ation,popul,ation,examin,ation,celebr,ation,congratul,ation,pronunci,ation,.,第23页,第23页,字母组合,sion,普通,读,SEn，但在元音字母后读ZEn 上。,如：,discus,sion,ten,sion,permis,sion,emis,sion,mis,sion,impres,sion,pas,sion,progres,sion,deci,sion,conclu,sion,televi,sion,revi,sion,persua,sio,n,explo,sion,第24页,第24页,七、,特殊读音,1)音连读：,not at all,half an hour,I love you and all.after all,2)失去爆破：,good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme,3)音同化：,this year,Would you do it?Cant you see it?,六、读音规则,1)重读音节(见元音和辅音例句),2)非重读音节,banana,student,t,o,day,aft,er,i orange,secret,evening,very,Mond,ay,第25页,第25页,八、,重音,1)单词重音,A)双音节词,a),普通在第一个音节重读。,letter,sorry,b)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-,等前,缀词，第二个音节是重音。,a,bout,be,lieve,ad,dress,de,cide,re,port,con,demn,res,pect,com,pare,in,form,dis,cuss,im,press,mis,take,en,force,pre,pare,em,ploy,per,mit,es,cape,pro,duce,ex,claim,trans,late con,duct;,present pre,sent;,content,con,tent,第26页,第26页,c)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀重音与词义和词类相关,普通名词重音在第一个音节上，其它词性在第二个音节上。,record,record;insult,insult;conduct,d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等词，有两个重音。,outside,retell,well-known,unreal,fifteen,Chinese,pre-war,post-war,B)多音节词,a)普通倒数第三个音节是重音。,A)英语节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重,第27页,第27页,B)英语句子长短：是由句子中重读词数目决定，而不是象汉语那样由句子中中文数目决定。,C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，互相代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.,D)实词不重读特殊情况,a)实词第二次出现,He thinks of that as a child,thinks,.,b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰,I met her in the,railway,station.,c)代替词,Which book do you want?The small,one,.,第28页,第28页,d)感慨词中 what 和how,What,a good day it is!,How,beautiful she is!,e)street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing,Street,.,f)this在这些短语中，,this,morning/afternoon/evening,E)虚词重读特殊情况,a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否认期。,Do,you like it?Yes,I,do,.,Are,you a doctor?Yes,I,am,.,Can,you help me?Yes,I,can,.,I,dont,like you.He,isn,t a worker.,b)情态动词表示也许，惊奇和必定期。,They,may,come this evening.,Can,it be five already?He,must,be in the room.,第29页,第29页,c)介词在句首和句尾。,In,the box,he found a letter.He is the person I talked,with,.,d)引导复合句连词在句首。,If,you wish,Ill visit you.,When,he comes,Ill tell him.,e)反身代词表示强调。,He couldnt come,himself,.,第30页,第30页,一、英语基本拼读规则,1元音字母a及其字母组合读音（见表1.1）,读音,说 明,例 词,例 外,ei,在重读开音节中,gr,a,de,f,a,ce，t,a,ble,n,a,me,h,a,ve h,Q,v,Q,在重读闭音节中,m,a,p,pl,a,n，pr,a,ctice,th,a,t,h,a,nd,在非重读音节中,a,bove,a,bout,a,mong,wom,a,n,C,w+a,w,a,tch,wh,a,t,w,a,sh,w,a,llet,w,a,ter w,C:,:t,第31页,第31页,1元音字母a及其字母组合读音（见表1.1）,读音,说 明,例 词,例 外,i,在重读音节后音节中,vill,a,ge,or,a,nge,comr,a,de,oper,a,te,OPE,reit,A,:,a+n,（或,ss,f,sp,sk,st,th,a,nswer,gr,a,nt,cl,a,ss,gr,a,sp,b,a,sket，f,a,st，b,a,th，,a,fter,sand sQnd,st,a,nd stndmass m,Q,s,第32页,第32页,Life is a Journey,From the hell to the heaven,Theres no straight way to walk.,Sometimes up,sometimes down.,Hope creates a heaven for us,Despair makes a hell for us.,Some choices are waiting for me,Which one on earth is better?No God in the world can help me,Choosing is the byname of freedom,Different choice makes different future.,第33页,第33页,Its stupid to put eyes on others.,I have to make up my own mind,Going my way to the destination.,Facing success or failure,Its no need to care too much.Only if Ive tried my best,Its enough for my simple life,第34页,第34页,第35页,第35页,