PET考试之非谓语知识点汇总.doc

一， 非谓语动词含义
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词与分词〔现在分词与过去分词〕，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承当句子的其他成分。
二， 形式功能
1， 动词不定式： to do
We plan to pay a visit. 我们方案去参观。
　　He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。
不定式在句子中充当的成分
（1） 作主语：
　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
　　It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有：
　　1、It takes sb.+some time+to do
　　2、It+is+adj.+of sb +to do
形容词常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise
（2） 作表语：
　　Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是清扫大厅。
　　He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
（3） 作宾语：
常见动词后面加to do的有：
want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer
（4） 作宾语补足语：
如下动词常接双宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.
注：有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：
　　I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。
　　He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。
2， 动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
动名词的形式
否认式：not + 动名词
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 〔一般式〕
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。〔被动式〕
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。〔完成式〕
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。〔完成被动式〕
I regret not following his advice. 我懊悔没听他的劝告。〔否认式〕
如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid〔防止〕，excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit〔成认〕，deny〔否认〕，mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk〔冒险〕，appreciate〔感谢〕，be busy,be worth,feel like,can't stand,can't help〔情不自禁地〕，think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…〔from〕，protect…from,set about,be engaged in,spend…(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like
3， 分词
现在分词：根本形式是doing
过去分词：根本形式是done
（1） 表示主动/被动的概念
表示“令人......的〞，用现在分词；
表示“感到......的〞或“受到......的〞，用过去分词。
例：The competition is quite exciting.
He was excited when he heard the news.
（2） 表示“正在......的〞或“即将......的〞，用现在分词；
表示“已经......的〞，用过去分词。
例：The retiring teacher walked into the classroom.
The retired soldier died last month.
练习：
1， They don’t allow people here.
A. smoke B.to smoke C.smoking D.to smoking
2， on the sofa, my father was reading the newspaper.
3,Peter is, , a walking dictionary.
A. so to tell B.to say so C.so to speak D.so to talk
4,I won’t consider my job at this time.
A. quit B.to quit C.quitting D.to quitting
5,You’d better have that bad tooth out
6,It is necessary that work today.
A. to him to do B.of him to do C.for him to do D.of him doing
7. It is very kind so.
A. for you to do B.of you to do C.to you to do D.for you doing
8,Strictly , your writing is poor.
9, with his sister’s grades, his grades are not so good.
A. Compare Bpared Cparing D.By comparing
10,I meant you, but I forgot.
11,Your idea, although quite good, needs out.
A. try B.to try C.trying D.being tried
12,The boy stood at the sight of blood.
13,Does anyone Mark live here
14,She knelt down before him, with tears down her face.
15,Do you understand the language on that island
答案：
BDCCD CBCBC CABAD AAAAD
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