译林牛津unit知识点整理.doc

Unit 7 Abilities
1. Look out, Eddie ! 留神，埃迪！
〔1〕look out 意为“小心〞，相当于be careful==take care. 单独使用时，后面不接宾语。
eg. 小心！汽车来了。
小心，别打碎了杯子。
〔2〕look out 后接其他介词时，要带宾语。
如：向外看... 朝...外看
eg. 我们朝沙滩看。
不要朝门外看。

2 cleaning up the park clean up 清扫干净
副词up常跟在动词后意思为“彻底地完全地。〞
吃光; 彻底完成某事 把地拖干净

2. Believe it or not! 信不信由你！ 由whether you believe it or not 变化而来，通常置于句首，后面加逗号，再接主句。
〔1〕believe动词，意为“相信；认为〞。 我相信不是这样的。I don’t believe so.
如：我认为她是对的。
〔2〕believe in 意为“相信；信任；信奉〞。
如：那些人信奉上帝。
believe是相信某人说的话，believe in 是相信、信任某人，不光是相信他说的话，还相信这个人的品格等。
〔3〕believe/think后可接that引导的宾语从句，当主语为第一人称，后接否认意义的宾语从句时，需要否认前移。
eg. 我认为他不会通过考试。

3 People have different abilities. 人们有不同的能力。
ability 不可数名词 表示抽象意义的“能力〞
可数名词，表示不同种类的能力，复数：
形容词形式是able , 有能力的，否认形式：
eg. 他是一个有能力的人。
我认为Tom有当班长的能力。

4 We can send some books to them. 我们可以给他们送些书。
〔1〕send用作及物动词，意为“寄〔信等〕；发〔电报〕，派〔人送〕〞。
短语：把某物寄给某人〔两种〕
eg. 我去度假期间将寄给你一张明信片。
(2) send 的其他词组
发射 〔派人去〕请来
散发〔气味，光〕等 送别

5. Some children are not even able to pay for school. 一些孩子甚至不能付上学的钱。
(1) even 副词，意为“甚至；更；还〞。 一般须置于系动词be或助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。

如：第二天早上詹妮起得更早了。
〔2〕even 其他用法 even if/ even though 即使；even now 即使到现在；even so 即使如此
如：即使下雨，我们也要去长城。
我认为你能做的比我更好。
(3) able 形容词，意为“有能力的；能干的〞。
如：你父亲是个能干的人。
be able to 能；会
如：我小时候能跑得很快。
〔4〕区分be able to 与can
be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，可以有各种时态。
can 强调自身已具有的能力， 只有一般现在时和一般过去时could。
(5)pay for sth 付某物的钱 付钱给某人买某物pay sb money for sth
pay a visit to 参观 pay attention to 注意，关心
【解析】pay，spend，buy和cost。
pay，spend, buy都可以指人花钱买，但搭配的介词不同：pay (money) for sth.，spend (money) on sth.，buy something for money；cost指某物值多少钱，主语是物。如：
eg. 我花了20元买这本书。(pay)
我花了5元钱吃早饭。(spend)
我花4,000元买了台电脑。(buy)
买这辆新车花了我100,000元。〔cost〕

6 We can raise some money for them to buy these things.
raise募集 为…..筹钱 raise money for raise sth for sb ==collect sth for sb
raise还可做“举起、提高、饲养〞
eg. 他们正在为慈善事业筹款。
请举手答复以下问题。
不要提高嗓门。
在我的家乡，一些人养奶牛。
【解析】raise和rise
这两个词都有举起，升起的意思，但raise是及物动词，后接宾语，rise是不及物动词，后不可接宾语。如：
eg. 太阳从东边升起。
为了确保每个人都能听到，他提高了声音。

7 . He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire. 他足够勇敢将他的邻居从火中救了出来。
save动词，意为“救；救助〞，save...from意为“从...中救出〞。 save还表示“节约〞
save…from…拯救某人脱离……  keep…(away) from…使某人远离……
far (away) from…远离…… stop…from doing sth…阻止做某事   
如：那个医生救了她的命。
节约用水对于我们来说很重要。
brave 形容词 “勇敢的〞， 副词形式 bravely

8 Suddenly he heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire! 〞 突然他听到有人喊:“着火了！着火了！〞
hear sb doing sth 表示“听见某人正在做某事〞，强调动作发生的过程。类似的还有see，find等动词。
如：当我睡觉时，听见莉莉正在房间唱歌。

9. He went in and saw his neighbour, the 79-year-old Mrs Sun, in the kitchen. 他走进去，看见79岁的邻居孙奶奶在厨房里。
79-year-old 是一个合成的形容词。year必须是单数，做定语，放在名词前面。意思是“...岁的〞。
合成词在句中作前置定语，修饰后面的名词，构造两种：
〔1〕数词+名词
100米赛跑 5个小时的睡眠
3年的时间 4个小时的旅行
〔2〕数词+名词+形容词
一个5岁的男孩
一座800米长的桥

10 Her left leg was badly hurt and she could not get out..
(1)hurt adj 受伤的 eg.： 如果你受伤了，就应该去医院。
vt 使受伤，伤害 eg.： 我不会伤害你。
vi 〔身体某部位〕感到疼痛 eg. 我的背痛
〔2〕badly ['bædli] adv. 严重地, 非常
【解析】副词的构成
通常我们可以在形容词后加ly构成副词，具体如下：
一般的在形容词后+ly够成副词。如：careful(小心的)—carefully(小心地)
以元音字母加e结尾的形容词，去e加ly构成副词。如：true(真的)—truly(真地)
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，去y加ily构成副词。如：lucky〔幸运的〕—luckily(幸运地)
以le结尾的形容词去e加y构成副词。如：gentle(温和的)—gently(温和地)

11 He put out the fire with a wet blanket and helped Mrs Sun out. 他用湿毯子把火扑灭，并把孙奶奶就了出去。
put out 是“熄灭，扑灭〞的意思。help sb out 帮助某人克制困难、解决问题、脱离危险
eg. 务必把煤气关掉。
你能帮我克制困难吗？
12 He was in hospital for two weeks. 他在医院住了两个星期。
in hospital 意思是“生病住院〞，而 in the hospital 是“在医院里〞。
类似构造还有：go to school go to the school
at table at the table
in front of in the front of
by sea by the sea
go to bed go to the bed

13 We should be careful with it.
be careful to do 小心做某事 be careful with 小心某物
eg. 在网上交友要小心。
我们必须小心火。
【解析】care的派生词
careful adj. 小心的 carefully adv. 小心地 careless adj. 粗心的
carelessly adv. 粗心地 carelessness n. 粗心

14 atch a fire着火，强调动作，be on fire着火强调动作 put out the fire (put it out)扑灭火
15 rush into…冲到……里面 rush out of…冲出……
课堂检测：
一． 单项选择：
( ) 1. _________is Tree planting Day in China.
A. March 1st B. April 12th C.March 12th D. April 1st
( ) 2. Can you give ____ me some paper I want_____write a letter.
A. to ; to B. for; to C. / ; / D. /; to
( ) 3. Mr. White is _____________ man. He lives _______________.
A. an 85-year-old; alone B. an 85-year old; lonely C. an 80-year old; alone D. a 80 years old; alone
( ) 4. It took them half a day ________ trees _______Tree Planting Day this year.
A. to plant; in B. planting; on C. to plant; on D. planting; in
( ) 5. The children are playing ___________ the playground.
A. over B. in C. up D. to
( ) 6. He’s good at________, ____________and____________.
A running, climbing, playing football B running, climb, playing football
C run, climb, playing football D run, climbing, playing football
二. 填词
1. How ____________ (care) you are! You made so many mistakes in your exam.
2. I’m looking forwards to _______________ (learn) how to drive.
3. It’s very ________________ (danger) for children to play with fire.
4. All of us are _________________ (surprise) to hear the bad news.
5. He isn’t my favourite singer , but _____________ (Simon) favourite.
6. He is afraid of______________( stay ) at home alone .
7. People have different______________(ability).
8.He likes_____________(collect) things for Project Hope.
三、翻译句子
1. 他经常在公共汽车上给老人让座位。
He often ______ ______to the ________on the bus.
2. 王教师每天都将办公室清扫的干干净净。
Miss Wang _________ _________ _________ every day.
3. 我们每年都去访问老年公寓。
We go to the Home_________ ________the elderly every year.
4. 同学们想为“希望工程〞做点事。
The students want to _________ ________ for _______ _________.
5. 人们通常会在春天种树。
People usually _________ ___________in spring.
一、根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1. Thank you very much for (join) us.
2. As one of the (member) in our class. I want to do something about it.
3. Who first (think) of the idea Daniel did.
4. Listen! I can hear someone (call) for help.
5. How beautiful the music (sound)!
6. The soup was so hot that it (burn) my mouth.
7. He (lose) the last game, but this time he’ll win.
8. She said that she (feel) happy for helping others.
9. Her parents (buy) a lot of presents for her that day.
10. When he was in hospital, many people (bring) flowers and presents.
二、选择填空
〔 〕1. He always thinks of others than himself.
A. much B. much more C. more much D.too more
〔 〕2. I saw him the room, but I didn’t know when he .
A. going into, left there B. go into, left there C. going into, left to there D. go into, left for there
〔 〕3. There was a big fire last night, but the firemen _______.
A. put down it B. put it down C. put out it D. put it out
〔 〕4. Although she didn’t feel well, she didn’t stop to the center to help others.
A. to come B. coming C. came D. comes
〔 〕5. Car accidents kill Americans every year.
A. thousands B. thousand of C. thousand D. thousands of
〔 〕6. Fire can be dangerous if we aren’t .
A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. carelessly
〔 〕7. I want to play football but I forgot my football boots.
A. to take B. bring C. to bring D. bringing
〔 〕8. _______is important _______careful with fire．
A．That；be B．It；be C．It；to be D. That；being
〔 〕9. His grandpa lives ____ in the country but she doesn’t feel_______.
A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; alone D. lonely; lonely
二、完成句子
1. 我的朋友告诉我不要总是不开心。
My friends _______ me ___________________all the time.
2. 我不知道马丽昨天怎么了。
I don’t know ______________________Mary yesterday.
3. 约翰叔叔生病住院了两个月。
Uncle John was ill _______________________two months.
4. 你应该让你的长发远离转动的机器。
You should ______ your long hair ___________the running machine.
5. 他开着电视睡着了。
He ________________ the TV ____________ and went to sleep.
七下Unit7 Comic strip – Reading2 测试题
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.Who helped the child the water
A. out B. out of C. outside D. away
( )2.Mr Brown has boy .
A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-old C. an 8-year-old D. a 8 years old
( )3.He with a smile .
A. nodded B. noded C. noding D. nodding
( )4.On my way home , I heard somebody for help .
A. is calling B. to call C. calls D. calling
( )5.Don’t pour water his jacket .
A. over B. through C. in D. above
( )6.They are looking forward to you this winter holiday .
A. see B. seeing C. meet D. met
( )7.He is always and he the boy to the police station on his way home .
A. helps ; brought B. helpful ; brought C. helpful ; took D. helping ; took
( )8.From the Internet you can get .
A. an information B. some informations C. a good information D. information
( )9. exciting news it is !
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
( )10.The swimming pool doesn’t open today . We go swimming there .
A. don’t B. couldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
Ⅲ.词汇 A.句型转换
1.You needn’t get there before 8:00 am. 〔改为同义句〕
You get there before 8:00 am.
2.I lost my tennis rackets yesterday . 〔对划线局部提问〕
you your tennis rackets
3.They left their keys in the library . 〔对划线局部提问〕
they their keys
4.He did his homework last Sunday . 〔改为否认句〕
He his homework last Sunday .
5.Mr Wang goes to the cinema every day . (用 two weeks ago 改写)
Mr Wang to the cinema two weeks ago .
6.You must finish your homework before you go to bed . 〔改为同义句〕
necessary for you your homework before you go to bed .
7.The boy hurt his right leg just now . 〔对划线局部提问〕
his right leg just now
8.His mother looks very young . 〔改为感慨句〕
his mother !
9.The girl is too young . She can’t go to school alone . 〔改为同义句〕
The girl is too young . She can’t go to school .
10.He ran into the room quickly and saved the little girl . 〔改为同义句〕
He the room and saved the little girl .
11.How brave he is ! 〔改为同义句〕 boy he is !
12.He is twenty years old . 〔改为同义句〕 He is a young man .
B.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.The dog can run , but it can’t (fly) .
2. (not play) in the street . It’s too dangerous .
3.What you (drink) Coke or tea
4.Look , the boy (help) an old man cross the road .
5.We (plant) many trees in our school last year .
6.Every Sunday morning , my father (visit) my grandparents .
7.The policeman often (save) the people in danger .
8.It’s important (be) careful with fire .
9.One of the boys (make) the bed himself every morning .
10.It’s ten o’clock at night . The boy (take) off his clothes in his bedroom .
11.She is a very girl . She does everything . (care)
12.Did he do anything to keep (he) safe
13.Don’t go near the fire . It’s too (danger) .
14.Listen ! I can hear calling for help .(anyone)
15.Lin Tao in hospital for two months last year .(be)
16.Did you do anything to protect (you)
17.We should stop the from swimming in the river .(swim)
Unit 7
〔一〕情态动词can 和could 的用法。
1．定义：情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can 和may 是其中两个。
2．情态动词的几个特征：
〔1〕情态动词不同于实义动词，不可单独作谓语，只有跟实义动词连用才有意义；
〔2〕情态动词没有人称和数的变化；
〔3〕情态动词后的动词必须用原形。
3．can和could 的用法
〔1〕表示有能力做某事，意为“能、会〞，与be able to 意思一样。情态动词can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力，后跟动词原形，can do sth.=is/ am/ are able to do sth. could do sth.= was/ were able to do sth.
不能做某事can/could not do sth.= be not able to do sth.= be unable to do sth.
如：
这女孩会用英语唱歌。
现在我能开车了，但是过年我不会。

情态动词could 表示委婉语气，比用can 更加有礼貌，may 比拟正式。
一般疑问句答复，通常情况问什么，答什么Can I … Yes, you can. No, you can’t.
请注意以下特殊情况：Could I … Yes, you can. No, you can’t.
May I … Yes, you may. No, you can’t. (坚决拒绝 No, you mustn’t.)
Must I … Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.

can/could表示能力时，用can提问就用can答复，用could提问就用could答复。
can/could在表示请求和允许时，can提问用can答复，could提问还用can答复。
例：--Can you ride a bike
--Could you ride a bike at 10 years old
例：--Can I go now
--Could I come to see you tomorrow

〔2〕表示推测，意为“也许，可能〞。 表示可能性 may be也许是，〔50%〕 must be一定是,〔100%〕 can’t be 不可能是〔0%〕。
如：
他不可能是你弟弟，你们长得不像。
没有空气，我们就不能生活。
孙先生不可能出车，因为他的腿受伤了。
(3)表示“许可〞，等于may。如：
我可以和你交谈吗？当然。
你可以帮我一下吗？

用can, can’t ,could , couldn’t, may填空
1.My brother______ play football well. He is a good player.
2.The man _______drive a car last year. But now he______ drive it.
3.My uncle__________ speak English . He doesn’t know anything about it.
5.I chatted online with my friend in England. We ______clearly hear each other.
_________you make a model ship when you were in Grade 2 No, I ___________

二〕感慨句的构成及用法
感慨句：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感慨句，句末用感慨号。一般用感慨词how 或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。
How引导的感慨句，根本构造是How + 形容词/ 副词+主语+谓语！〔主谓可省略〕
What引导的感慨句的根本构造是：
What + a / an + 形容词+可数名词〔单数〕+主语+谓语！〔主谓可省略〕
What+ 形容词+可数名词复数〔或不可数名词〕+主语+谓语！
注意：What感慨句中是不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an. 如：
他是一个傻子！
这是一辆多旧的自行车啊！
他们是多好的笔啊！
今天天气真好！
他跑得真快！
你真漂亮！
这故事真有趣。

1 South Hill is a good place to have fun.
Have fun 玩得开心，==enjoy oneself ==have a good time
做某事很开心have fun doing sth

2 I left mine at home.
把某物忘在某个地方 leave sth at/in/on ….
forget 也是忘记某物，与leave区别：
forget：
leave：

3 By the way, can you take your camera with you, Amy
顺便说说 by the way ,通常用作插入语，表示说话人要转入一个新话题
阻碍，挡路 在途中

4 What else can he do
else 是副词，另外，其他 通常放在疑问词who , which , what, when, where, how 等词的后面，或放在不定代词的之后。
else 与other区别
else
other
例如：我不喜欢其他的书。
你还想喝些什么吗？
我还能在什么时候与你见面？

5 He can fly as fast as light.
as。。。。as 和….一样， 表示同级比拟。 第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，中间要用形容词或副词的原级。
否认形式： not as/so+形容词/副词+as 和….不一样， 不如…..
as …. as possible 尽可能…… as soon as possible 尽可能快
例：这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
这本书不如你想象的那样有趣。
请尽快答复我的问题。
6 She does not do