自考高级英语笔记模拟试题-自考包过押题.doc

-----高级英语（下）----
Lesson one
The Company in Which I Work
一、Words and Expressions
1.n. abdomen adj. abdominal
2.n. bachelor 单身汉，—spinster
a bachelor flat单身公寓
学士学位
a bachelor's degree 学士学位 Bachelor of Arts/Science文理学士
3.vi. brood: 忧闷地沉思meditate, contemplate
brood on/over sth. （brood及物和不及物都有）
He sat there brooding for hours.
It doesn’t help to brood on your mistakes.
对所犯的错误耿耿于怀是无济于事的。
adj. broody 沮丧的，抑郁的
adv. broodily n. broodiness
4.bypass n. 旁道 v. 走旁道以绕过或避开ignore, avoid
We manage to bypass the shopping center by taking side-streets.
我们尽量走小路以绕过购物中心区。
bypass a difficulty, problem
5.corresponding adj. correspondingly adv.
Imports in the first three months have increased by 10 percent compared with the corresponding period last year.
第一季度的进口额与去年同期相比增长了10%。
6.n. courtesy 礼貌
It would only have been common courtesy to say thank you.
by courtesy of sb. = by the permission 承蒙某人的好意
This program comes by courtesy of a local company.
本节目由本地的一家公司提供赞助。
adj. courteous: polite adv. courteously
7.cranky adj. 古怪的，坏脾气的strange, eccentric, bad-tempered
8.distribute v. 分发，分配hand out
distribute sth. to/among
distribute profits among workers
The demonstrators distributed leaflets to the passers-by.
n. distribution the distribution of prizes, forms
the distribution of schools in this district 这一地区学校的分布情况
9.adj. elated at/by sth. 情绪高昂的，兴高采烈的
being in high spirits
adv. elatedly n. elation: joy
He was filled with elation when her daughter was born. 喜出望外
10.fit: be fit to do sth.
be fit for sth.
physical fitness
a fit of coughing/laughing/anger/rage 一阵
adj. fitful adv. Fitfully
Gloom n. , Gloomy adj.
11.goose—geese
goose-ste正步走
goose- flesh 鸡皮疙瘩
12. adj. gregarious adv. Gregariously　n. gregariousness
13.grudge v./n. 怨恨，恶意envy, resentment
grudge against sb.
I bear him no grudge. 我对他没有怨恨。
He has a grudge against me. 他对我有怨恨。
He has been harboring/nursing a grudge against me.
他一直对我心怀嫉妒。
adj. grudging 不情愿的，勉强的unwilling, reluctant
adv. grudgingly
The boss grudgingly raised my salary.
Honours, honour
14.v. induce
I.劝诱，促使 induce sb. to do sth.
We couldn’t induce the old lady to travel by air. = persuade
What induced you to do such a stupid thing?
II. 引起，产生，造成
illness induced by overwork =caused
an induced labor 催生
We have to induce her. 我们得给她引产。
n. inducement to do sth. 诱使，刺激
15. adj. inescapable: unavoidable, inevitable
adv. Inescapably
In genius 聪明的 资料来源： 更多资料请咨询QQ：67460666。
16.n./adj. melancholy 忧郁，抑郁 depression/depressed
n. melancholia 抑郁症
A funeral is a melancholy occasion. 葬礼是令人悲伤的场合。
17.n. monotony 单调乏味，千篇一律
adj. monotonous adv. monotonously
18.be motivated by greed, fear, love be inspired
adj. motivated
a politically motivated murder出于政治动机的谋杀
n. motivation n. 动机；积极性
They lack the motivation to study. 他们缺乏学习的积极性。
19.n. mourning: lament
v. mourn for/over sb./sth.
She mourned for her dead child for many years.
n. 哀悼者mourner
adj. mournful adv. mournfully
Photocopy
Resounding
20.v. retard 放慢或迟缓，阻碍，妨碍 hinder
Lack of sun retards plant growth. 光照不足使植物生长缓慢。
n. retardation 智力迟缓 mental retardation
adj. retarded 智力迟钝的
scarlet adj.
21. scrutiny n. 仔细检查 careful and thorough examination
a close scrutiny of the election results 详细检查竞选结果
22.shrewd adj. smart，精明的，有判断力的
Vanity 虚荣
23.wreck n./v. 残骸 毁坏destroy, ruin
a wrecked car
二、Text
In the company in which I work, each of us is afraid of at feast one person. The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . and all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it. 资料来源： 更多资料请咨询QQ：67460666。
All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy and ambition. Many have spent their whole lives here. They seem friendly, slow, and content when I come upon them in the halls and always courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators. They no longer work hard. They hold meetings, make promotions, and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else. Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company （not even the people who are credited with running it）, but the company does run.
In the normal course of a business day…I am afraid of Jack Green because my department is part of his department and Jack Green is my boss; green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which is more important than his department, and I am much closer to Andy Kagle and the other people in the Sales Department than he is.
1.drain v. be drained of sth. 消耗，耗尽（money, strength）
feel drained of energy 精疲力竭
n. brain drain 人才流失
e upon
3.make promotions
4.be credited with
Green distrusts me fitfully. He makes it clear to me every now and then that he wishes to see everything coming out of my department before it is shown to other departments. I know he does not really mean this: he is too busy with his own work to pay that much attention to all of mine, and I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time and delay their delivery to people who have an immediate need for them, Most of the work we do in my department is, in the ling run, trivial. But Green always grows alarmed when someone from another department praises something that has come my department. He turns scarlet with rage and embarrassment if he has not seen or heard of it.
In my department, there are six people who are afraid of me, and one small secretary who is afraid of all of us. I have one other person working for me who is not afraid of anyone, not even me, and I would fire him quickly, but I’m afraid of him…
1.be close to sb.
2.every now and then
3.take up one's time 占据时间
4.in the long run资料来源： 更多资料请咨询QQ：67460666。
5.be scarlet with rage and embarrassment 愤怒的脸红脖子粗，尴尬
The people in the company who are most afraid if most people are the salesmen. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary. When things are bad, they are worse for the salesmen; when things are good, they are not much better.
6.work under pressure在压力下工作
They are always on trial, always on the verge of failure, collectively and individually. They strain, even the most secure and self-assured of them, to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on. Each week, for example, a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for corresponding week of the year before. The figures are photocopied and distributed throughout the company to all the people and departments whose work is related to selling. The result of this photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous public scrutiny and discussion throughout the company of how well or poorly the salesmen in each sales office of each division of the company are doing at any given time.
7.on trial审讯
8.on the verge of 处于……边源
9.on the verge of danger处于危险的边源
10.be assured of sth.：相信，确信
11.be related to sth.：与……相关的
When salesmen are doing well, there is pressure upon them to begin doing better, for fear they may start doing worse. When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly. When a salesman lands a large order or brings in an important new account, his elation is brief , for there is danger he might lose that large order or important new account to a salesman from a competing company the next time around. It might even be canceled before it is filled, in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost. So there is crisis and alarm even in their triumphs.
12.in this case：在这种情况下
Nevertheless, the salesmen love their work and would not choose any other kind. They are a vigorous, fun-loving bunch when they are not suffering abdominal cramps or brooding miserably about the future; on the other hand, they often turn cranky without warning and complain a lot. Each of them can name at least one superior in the company who he feels has a grudge against him and is determined to wreck his career.
13.wreck his career：破坏他的事业
The salesmen work hard and earn big salaries, with large personal expense accounts that they squander generously on other people in and out of the company, including me. They own good houses in good communities and play good games of golf on good private golf courses. The company encourages this. The company, in fact, will pay for their country club membership and all charges they incur there, and rewards salesmen who make a good impression on the golf course.
14.incur 导致 资料来源： 更多资料请咨询QQ：67460666。
15.incur debt 惹上债务
16.make a good impression on sth/sb. 对……留下好印象
Unmarried men are not wanted in the Sales Department, not even widowers, for the company has learned from experience that it is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with prominent executives and their wives or participate with them in responsible civic affairs. If a salesman’s wife dies and he is not ready to remarry, he is usually moved into（调入） an administrative position after several months of mourning. Bachelors are never hired for the sales force, and salesmen who get divorced, or whose wives die, know they had better remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job.
Strangely enough, the salesmen react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. They are stimulated and motivated by discipline and direction. They thrive on explicit guidance toward clear objectives. For the most part , they are cheerful, confident, and gregarious（合群） when they are not irritable, anxious, and depressed. There must be something in the makeup of a man that enables his not only to be a salesman, but to want to be one.
17.Strangely enough：插入语，最奇怪的是
18.React…to…对……有回应
19.enable sb to do sth使某人能做某事
20.be subjected to: 使遭受
21.in the makeup of：构成，要素
22.enable … to:让……能
The salesmen are proud of their position and of the status and importance they enjoy within the company, for the function of department, and of most other departments, is to help the salesmen sell. That’s the reason we were hired, and the reason we are paid.
The people in the company who are least afraid are the few in our small Market Research Department, who believe in nothing and are concerned with collecting, organizing, interpreting, and re-organizing statistical information about the public, the market, the country, and the world. For one thing, their salaries are small, and they know they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here. Their budget, too, is small, for they are no longer permitted to undertake（承担） large projects.
23.have trouble in doing：在……遇到麻烦
24.undertake（承担） large projects.：承担大的项目
Most of the information we use is obtained free from trade associations （协会）and some governmental organizations, and there is no way of knowing anymore whether the information on which we base our own information for distribution is true of false. But that doesn’t seem to matter; all that does matter is that the information comes from a reputable source. People in the Market Research Department are never held to blame for conditions资料来源： 更多资料请咨询QQ：67460666。they discover outside the company that place us at a competitive disadvantage. They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising I. To a great extent, that is the nature of my own work, and all of us under Green work closely with the Sales Department and the Public Relations Department in converting whole truths into half truths and half truths into whole ones.
25.converting into: change into归依……
26.obtain…from: 从……得来
27.base … on: 以……为基础；建立在……上
I am very good at these techniques of deception, although I am not always able anymore to deceive myself. In fact, I am continuously astonished by people in the company who fall victim to their own propaganda. There are so many now who actually believe that what we do is really important. This happens not only to salesmen, but to the shrewd, capable executives in top management. It happens to people on my own level and lower. It happens to just about every-body in the company who graduated from a good business school with honors. Every time we launch（发起） a new advertising campaign, for example, people inside the company are the first ones to be taken in by it .Every time we introduce a new product, or an old product with a different cover, color, and name that we present as new, people inside the company are the first to rush to buy it –even when it’s no good.
28.fall victim to: 沦落为……的牺牲品
29.graduated from: 从……毕业
30.take in: 欺骗
It’s a wise person, I guess, who knows he’s dumb, and an honest person who knows he’s a liar. And it’s a dumb person who’s convinced he is wise. We wise grownups here at the company go sliding in and out all day long, scaring each other at our desks and trying to evade the people who frighten us. We come to work, have lunch, and go home. We goose-step in and goose-step out, change our partners and wander all about, and go back home till we all drop dead. Really, I ask myself every now and then, depending on how well or poorly things are going at the office or at home with my wife, or with my retarded son, or with my other son, is this all there is for me to do? Is this really the most I can get from the few years left in this one life of mine?
And the answer I get, of course, is always-Yes!…
I am bored with my work very often now. Everything routine that comes in I pass along to somebody else. This makes my boredom worse. It’s a real problem to decide whether it’s more boring to do something boring than to pass along everything boring that comes in to somebody else and then have nothing to do at all.
Actually, I enjoy my work when the assignments are large and urgent and somewhat frightening and will come to the attention of many people. I get scared, and am unable to sleep at night, 资料来源： 更多资料请咨询QQ：67460666。 but I usually perform at my best under this stimulating kind of pressure and enjoy my job the most. I handle all of these important projects myself, and I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receive when I do them well. But between such peaks of challenge and elation there is monotony and despair. And I find, too, that once I’ve succeeded in impressing somebody, I’m not much excited about impressing that same person again; there is a large, emotional letdown after I survive each crisis, a kind of empty, tragic disappointment, and last year’s threat, opportunity, and inspiration are often this year’s inescapable tedium. I frequently feel I’m being taken advantage of （利用）merely because I’m asked to do the work I’m paid to do.）
31.succeeded in：成功做到……
32.taken advantage of：利用
On da