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六级基础词汇后缀
后缀是添加在词尾的、用来说明一个单词是名词、形容词、动词还是副词的字母组合。
一、形容词后缀
1、-able ; -ible (v.→adj.)
①that can be ~ed(表达能被……)
Eg: exchange(互换) → exchangeable(可互换的)
adjust(调整) → adjustable(可调节的)
cred(信任)→ credible(可信的)
2、-al ; -ial ; -ual (n.→adj.)
①of~ ; having the quality of ~ (表达……的;有……性质的)
Eg: confidence(秘密) → confidential(秘密的)
3、-ant ; -ent(v.+词根→adj.)
①that ~s(表达……的)
Eg: resist(抵抗) → resistant(抵抗的)
4、-ar ; -ular ; -icular(n.词根→adj.)
①of ~(表达……的)
Eg: lun(月亮) → lunar(月亮的)
②like ~(表达像……的)
Eg: circ(圆) → circular(圆形的)
③having the quality of ~(表达有……性质的)
Eg: spectac(壮观) → spectacular(壮观的)
5、-ary (n.+词根→adj.)
①of ~(表达……的);being ~ (表达是……的)
Eg: document(文档) → documentary(记录的)
②characterized by ~(表达以……为特点的)
Eg: custom(习惯) → customary(习惯的)
6、-ate (n.+词根→adj.)
①of ~(表达……的);having ~ (有……的)
Eg: passion(热情) → passionate(热情的)
affection(爱慕) → affectionate(爱慕的)
7、-less (n.→adj.) → 与 –ful 相反
①without ~(无……的);lacking ~ (缺少……的);free from ~(没有……的)
Eg: thought(思考) → thoughtless(欠思考)
ruth(怜悯) → ruthless(无情的)
8、-ful(n.→adj.)
①full of ~(表达充满……的)
Eg: sorrow(悲哀) → sorrowful(悲哀的)
②showing ~(表达表现出……的)
Eg: mercy(宽容) → merciful(宽容的)
③having the nature of ~(表达有……性质的)
Eg: power(力量) → powerful(有力量的)
④the can be of ~(表达可……的)
Eg: use(用) → useful(可用的,有用的)
9、-ical &-ic(n.→adj.)
①of ~(与……有关的); having the quality of ~(表达有……性质的)
Eg: history(历史) → historical(历史的)
history(历史) → historic(有历史意义的)
economy(经济)→ economical(经济的,节俭的)
economy(经济)→ economic(经济上的,经济学上的)
10、-ive(v.+词根→adj.)
①having the quality of ~(表达有……性质的)
Eg: destruct(破坏) → destructive(破坏的)
②tending to / likely to ~(表达倾向于做……的)
Eg: offend(冒犯) → offensive(冒犯的)
11、-ous(n.+词根→adj.)
①having ~ (有……的);full of ~(充满……的)
Eg: advantage(优点) → advantageous(有益的)
fury(狂怒) → furious(狂怒的)
12、-y(n.→adj.)
①full of ~(表达充满……的)
Eg: might(力量) → mighty(强大的)
②having ~ (有……的);containing ~ (含……的)
Eg: salt(盐) → salty(含盐的)
③characterized by ~(表达有……特性的)
Eg: wit(智慧) → witty(智慧的)
二、动词后缀
1、-ate(n./adj./v词根、词干→v.)(也是形容词后缀) →相应-ion的名词
①adj词根- to become ~ /to cause to be(使……)
Eg: liber(自由) → liberate(使获得自由、解放)
②n词根- to produce(生成……)
Eg: termin(终端) → terminate(使终止)
③v词根- -ate只表白词性/加强词义作用
Eg: vaccin(疫苗) → vaccinate(给……种疫苗)
2、-en(n./adj.→v.)
①adj词根- to become ~ /to cause to be(使……)
Eg: fresh(新鲜的) → freshen(使新鲜)
②n词根- to become to have ~ /to cause to have ~(变得/使得有……)
Eg: height(高度) → heighten(提高,增长)
3、-fy, -ify, -efy(n./adj.+词根→vt.)
①to make ~ /to cause to be(使……)
Eg: sign(记号,信号,标志) → signify(意味,预示)
solid(坚固的)→ solidify(使变硬,使固化)
4、-ize, -ise(英式英语,不常见) (n./adj.→v.)
①to make ~(使成为……) / to become ~(变成……)
Eg: critic(批评家) → criticize(批评)
special(特殊的,专门的)→ specialize(专攻)
5、-ish(词根→v.)(来自法语~)
①to make ~(使成为……) / to become ~(变成……)
Eg: nour(养育) → nourish(养育)
abol(破坏) → abolish(废除,取消)
三、副词后缀
1、-ly(adj.→adv.)(不变意思,只变词性)
① 状态 cheerful → cheerfully (欢快地)
② 方式 financial → financially (财政方面)
③ 限度 great → greatly (大幅度)
④ 时间 recent → recently (最近)
⑤ 顺序 first → firstly (一方面)
⑥ 方向 northward → northwardly(向北方)
2、-s(adj./n./pre→adv.)
表达时间地点
afternoons / nowadays / outdoors / upstairs
3、-ward(s)(adj./n./pre→adv.)
①tending to or leading to ~(倾向……地) / toward ~(朝……地)
Eg: after(在……之后) → afterward(s)(之后,以后)
up(在……上端) → upward(s)(向上地)
4、-wise(adj./n./v.→adv.)
①in a ~ manner(以……的方式)
Eg: like(相同的) → likewise(同样地)
②in the ~ direction of(朝……的方向)
③in the ~ respect(在……的方面)
Eg: other(其他的) → otherwise(否则,此外)
四、名词后缀
1、-age(n./v.→n.)
①the act / result of doing(表达某种行为及结果)
Eg: cover(覆盖) → coverage(覆盖范围,新闻报道)
②a group of / a place for sth(表达物品、场合)
Eg: band(衣袋) → bandage(绷带,包带)
③the condition of ~(表达状态)
Eg: short(短的) → shortage(短缺,缺少)
2、-ance / -ancy / -ence / -ency(n./v.词根→n.)
①the act / fact of doing(表达行为)
Eg: disturb(干扰) → disturbance(干扰)
②the quality of / condition of being ~ed(表达行为的性质/状态)
Eg: depend(依靠) → dependence(依靠)
③a thing that ~s / what is ~ed(表达与该行为有关的主体事物)
Eg: refer(参考) → reference(参考文献,参照系)
3、-ant / -ent(v.→n.)
①a person / thing that ~s(表达该动作的积极者)
Eg: participate(参与) → participant(参与者)
4、-ion / -ation / -ition(v.→n.)
①the act / process of doing(表达动作的过程)
Eg: circulate(循环) → circulation(循环)
②the result of (表达动作的结果)
Eg: compensate(补偿) → compensation(补偿)
③the condition of being ~ed(表达状态)
Eg: fascinate(迷住) → fascination(迷恋)
5、-ment(v.+词根→n.) → 相应-mental的形容词
①the act / state / fact of doing(表达行为/状态/事实)
Eg: align(联合) → alignment(联合)
②the condition of being ~ed(表达动作的状态)
Eg: astonish(使惊讶) → astonishment(惊讶)
③the product / result of ~ing(表达产物/结果)
Eg: power(力量) → powerful(有力量的)
④the cause / means of ~ing(表达因素/手段)
Eg: instruct(教育,指导) → instrument(工具,仪器)
6、-or(v.+词根→n.)
①a person / thing that ~s(表达人/物)
Eg: detect(发现) → detector(发现者)
7、-er
①(v.+词根→n.)
a person / thing that ~s(表达人/物)
Eg: detect(发现) → detector(发现者)
②(n.→n.)
a person who makes / works with ~ (表达从事……的人)
Eg: philosophy(哲学) → philosopher(哲学家)
a person who living in ~ (表达住在……的人)
Eg: village(村子) → villager(村民)
a person who has ~ (表达有……的人)
Eg: farm(农场) → farmer(农民)
8、-ee(v.→n.)(重音在后面)
①a person who is ~ed(表达被……者)
Eg: employ(雇佣) → employee(雇员)
refuge(给予……庇护,避难)→ refugee(避难者,难民)
9、-ty/ -ity / -ety(adj.+词根→n.)
①the quality / condition / fact of being ~ (表达性质、状态、事实)
Eg: available(可获得的) → availability(可得性)
capable(有能力的) → capability(才干)
10、-ure(v.+词根→n.)
①the act / fact of doing(表达行为/事实)
Eg: fail(失败) → failure(失败)
②the condition of being ~ed(表达被……的状态)
Eg: please(使快乐) → pleasure(快乐)
③the result of being ~ed(表达被……的结果)
Eg: expose(使暴露) → exposure(暴露)
④a thing that ~s / is ~ed(表达……的事物)
Eg: enclose(包围) → enclosure(围绕,围场)
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