自考高级英语笔记复习资料.doc

-----高级英语（上）----
Lesson One
　Rock Superstars:What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?
一、Words and Expressions:
1. adulation （means flatter somebody or praise somebody or put into much good words for somebody）过分赞美，奉承
adulation n. excessive admiration, praise, flattery
2.baptismal 洗礼的
baptismal adj.—baptiz（s）e v.
3.bewilderment （bewilder means confuse or awful or at loss ）迷惑；慌乱，不知所措
Young people usually bewildered by the adult world.年青人总是被成人世界里的事情所迷惑。
4.clown 小丑，丑角
5.coliseum 体育场（stadium 体育馆）
6.conceive 设想，想出，想像conceive of sth.
以-ceive为词根的有conceive, perceive（理解，感知）, deceive （欺骗）
You cannot conceive how rude he is to me. 你无法想象他对我是多么粗鲁。
7.crunch发出嘈杂声地走，嘎吱作响地走 means screaming
8.disaffection不满disaffection against sb./sth.
9.editoralize（报刊）发表社论, means publish a editorial to make remark or make comment about something.
edit—editor—editorial—editorialize
editorialize against 批判
editorialize on/about 对于某一主题发表社论
基本的词形有：edit（编辑）, editor-in-chief（主编）
10.embody体现
embody—express v.—embodiment n.
embodiment n. 化身
Usually rock music embodies the rebellion sprit of the younger generation.摇滚乐体现了年青人的反叛精神。
12.onstage（在台上）—offstage（在台后） adj./adv.
13.piety n.—pious adj.
14.pilgrim: person who travels to a holy place as an act of religious devotion
pilgrimage n. holy journey
15.ramble v./n. walk for pleasure with no special destination，wander
rambler
16.rebel v./n.— n. rebellion adj. rebellious
17. reverence 尊敬，崇敬 show one’s reverence for：show one’s respect for; show a great admiration for sb./sth.
18.society—social—sociological—sociologist
19.sprinkle sth. on/onto/over sth. pour 倾泻
20.sweat—sweaty—swelter
20.variety show—talk show（脱口秀）—fashion show（时装秀） steal the show 抢镜头
二、Text:
What does title mean? What is rock? What do the superstars show to us?
The structure of the text:
The significance of the two quotations：Q1. What is the function of the two quotations? Are they appropriate?
The first three paragraphs: Q2. What does the author attempt to illustrate with the three examples at the beginning of the article.
Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.
teen—teenage—teenager person from 13 to 19.
rebel v. fight against/resist one’s authority or control
By a man’s heroes ye shall know him.
ye=you
See Note 1. 如需精美完整排版，请QQ：67460666 手机 137 8381 6366 联系 Rock—摇滚乐的英文全名叫Rock & Roll,于20世纪50年代兴起于美国，继而风靡世界。初期的摇滚乐基本上是由典型的黑人音乐“节奏与布鲁斯”（Ryhthm & Blues）和传统的白人音乐“乡村与西部”（Country & Western）两类乐种融合而成的。1954年白人乡村音乐歌手比尔·黑利（Bill Haley）首次把R & B 的曲式融于自己的音乐中，于是，一种白人和黑人青少年都酷爱的新型音乐——摇滚乐——诞生了。此后，摇滚乐以其顽强的青春活力茁壮成长，蓬勃发展。民谣音乐（Folk Music）、爵士音乐（Jazz）、和流行音乐（Pop Music）等音乐也都相继融于摇滚乐中，形成了各种不同风格的摇滚乐；摇滚歌星们也以各自的舞台形象和演唱风格争奇斗艳，大放异彩。从50年代直到90年代，摇滚乐走过了一个又一个辉煌的时代，一直深受广大青少年的喜爱。 如需精美完整排版，请QQ：67460666 手机 137 8381 6366 联系
pack v. pack A in/into B.
pack B with A—be packed with
The stadium was packed with the football fans.
The restaurant was packed.
This newspaper is packed with a lot of useful information.
sprinkling over 洒到……上 此处为现在分词作伴随状语
grab v./n.
1.take sth. by force, capture, seize, snatch
Eg. He grabbed the book from my hand and ran off.
2.do sth. in a hurry
Eg. grab a nap/a breakfast
Content 表示容器所装载的东西，还可以指文章的内容contents of the article
surge v./n.
The floods surged along the valley.
The crowds surged into the stadium.
crunch—scream尖叫
crawl: on one’s knees. crawling snake, crawling traffic, be crawling with aunts
creep: move slowly, quietly and secretly. out of/into/along creeping wine
climb up the tree
sick: disgusting
stand: endure, tolerate, bear, put up with
stuff: disorder
para. 3
Q3-8 in the following paragraphs:
pouring: It never rains but it pours.
crawl: 双腿爬行，匍匐前进 crawling on one’s knees.
a crawling snake;
crawling traffic/cars;
be crawling with sth.
climb: 向上爬climb up the tree
creep: 悄悄潜行，蔓延 move slowly, quietly.
creep into someplace.
Para. 4 （transition para.）
look at sb. as=consider/regard sb. as 把某人视作……
I look at you as my close/best friend.
share: have sth. in common.
reverence for sb.
misguided: misled, lost
reject: refuse sb./sth politely
sick: disgusting
be drawn to sth.: be attracted to, be appealing to
act out: show
para. 5
idle adj./v. not active, lazy
Don’t idle away your youth!
worthless, senseless, meaningless, useless
clash and crash: （押头韵alliteration） be in conflict with sth.
clash with 冲撞
eg. The meeting clashes with my English lesson, so I can’t go there.
crash: go bankrupt My business crashed last year.
combine A with/and B 把…和…结合在一起
motion: action, behavior
Para.6
What is the frustrated spirit of the 1950s?
rather than—more than—other than
与其说……不如说……
She has no close friends other than him. （except）
She seldom appears other than happy. （not）
more accuracy than originality
editorialize against sb.: publish the editorials to criticize sb.
ban: v. officially forbid
ban the use of nuclear weapons/chemical weapons
ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
n. put a ban on sth.
para.7
define 界定
redefine 重新界定
touch=lead to
speak about 谈论
speak of 谈及
para.8
enter=join in
urge=push for=call for
a range of一系列的
mix sth. into=put sth. into=add/combine=blend
urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事
get away from=escape from=keep away from摆脱……
go back to 回到……
drive n.驱动力
go on and on继续
in return回报
conceive of 想到
head for 去哪儿
Explain the differences between Bob Dylan, the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones.
What do you think of the end? Open ended.
三、Exercises
Exercises C
1.His paintings （embody） the spirit of the modern era.
2.How do you （act out） your frustrations, by throwing glasses or something?
3.The peddler （sprinkled） some water over his vegetables to make them fresher and heavier.
4.In such heated air, the （sweltering） students could hardly keep their minds on their lessons.
keep one’s mind on sth.
5. That’s （idle） gossip. Don’t listen to it.
6.She sent in her application for the job, but was （rejected） as unqualified.
application for申请……
7.The salesman considered it safe to go along with the boss （rather than） to contradict him.
go along with=get along with相处融洽
contradict sb.顶撞某人
8.Everybody should have a sincere （reverence） for the laws of his country.
Subtle differences in Exercise D.
1.The whole nation watched the two candidates （debating） the issue of raising taxes on TV.
argue about
debate sth.讨论
2.It was a （proud） moment for my cousin when she shook hands with the President.
proud褒义词
arrogant贬义词
3.Even if you （blend） oil and water, they will not （mix）.
mix/blend A to B
mix/blend A into B
blend=put sth. together强调过程
mix强调结果
4.Some people watch television so much that they cannot （conceive） of living without it.
conceive of
imagine sth.
5.As it was an informal dinner, most people （wore） in their comfortable clothes.
be dressed in……
wear clothes
6.Do you think young people are （idealistic） or pragmatic?
idealistic理想主义化的
pragmatic现实主义化的 如需精美完整排版，请QQ：67460666 手机 137 8381 6366 联系
7.Filled with great （admiration） for their integrity and courage, he was determined to be a man like them.
8.Deep at night, they could still hear gun-fire （rumbling） in the distance.
Some points in Translation：
摇滚乐于20世纪50年代末期兴起于美国
Rock rose in the end of 1950s in America
not only……but also不仅是……更是……
sing of唱出了
attitude toward 对……的态度
disaffection against对……不满
culture heroes 文化英雄

Lesson Two:
Four Choices for Young people
一、Text
Para. 1
Q1: How do American young people look at the adult world in general?
Key words: misgivings-skepticism-reject
Language points:
president: class president
senior: see Note1 freshman, sophomore, junior, senior.
be senior to sb. = be older than
He is ten years senior to me.
senior/junior officer = higher in rank
senior school: over the age of 11.
misgiving: pl. worry, doubt, skepticism, suspicion, distrust
a heart full of misgivings.心中顾虑重生。
I have strong misgivings about taking your advice.
接受你的建议使我深感担心。
view sth. with skepticism
be increased to do
increased = growing
Para 2.
speak for = on behalf of sb.
sum up = conclude
in a mess: disorder, chaos, confusion, out of control
run: operate, be in charge of
presume: suppose sth. to be true, take sth. for granted
presumable adj. presumably adv. = maybe, perhaps
lesson: give sb. a lesson
learn one's lesson= moral
do with(out): sth will be OK with(out) sth
from a point of view
not…but: 不是…而是 如需精美完整排版，请QQ：67460666 手机 137 8381 6366 联系
strike:
relevant adj. related, associated
relevant topic
arriving generation: coming, following
deal with =cope with, manage, dispose of
for all = in spite of, despite
alternative: adj./n.
He had no alternative but to admit his mistake.
One of the alternatives is to resign.
drop out: withdraw. See note 11.
expedient: means
in one way or another
batten on: depend on sth. and benefit from it
take responsibility/shoulder one's responsibility
distasteful: sick, disgusting
undignified: disgraceful, shameful
poor in spirit: weak in mind
least intolerable: most tolerable or endurable
available: adj. obtainable
Q2: what does "drop out" mean?
Why does the author say that the dropouts lead a parasitic way of life?
Here, it implies to stop taking part in any social activities.
Because they live off the society but do nothing good to it in return.
flee = escape, evade=run away from
pastoral =bucolic
Q3: in what way are those who flee different from the dropouts?
They are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves and to contribute sth. to the general community.
contribute sth. to (doing) sth. v. offer, devote
to contribute money to a charity cause
contribute foreign aid for refugees
contribution n.
tension: stress, strain
Q4: why is this solution no longer practical on a large scale?
Because those quiet, charming and unpolluted landscapes as long enjoyed by ancient hermits are gone forever.
on a large/small scale
run out (of)
noble savage: see note 17
sully v. make sth. dirty, stain, ruin, destroy
sully one's name, reputation, honor
gone: missing, lost, not there
escape from to
stream of : main trend, flow
Para 3.
plot a revolution: design a strategy
be patient with
appeal: v./n attract appeal to sb. /sth.
dashing and charismatic: energetic, full of drive, courageous, powerful, influential
charisma n.
smash-clash-crash
build sth. on the ruins
come off: happen, take place, start; succeed
senescence n. senescent adj.　 old age
on the barricade: barrier
in disillusionment
establishment: institution, system, organization
overthrow: throw sth. over
hard-faced: harsh
accomplish v.-accomplishment n.
achieve v.-achievement n.
do change : for the purpose of emphasis
change sth. for the better
My point is that-
be bound for some place
be bound to do: be destined to do sth.
in this case: in this situation, on this condition, under these circumstances
dawn n./v.
when it dawned, we set off.
dawn on sb.
The truth began to dawn on him.
dream of = conceive of
cleanse v. cleanse sb. of sth.
She felt cleansed of all her sins after confession.
cleansing cream cleanser
workaday adj. common, ordinary
in need of
sewage disposal
under the label
seek: pursue, go after Q5: what kind of young people tend to follow the strategy of armed revolution?
Some of the more active and idealistic young people.
Q6: why does the author say that the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded?
Those idealists who survived the revolution are bound to be disillusioned when they see the newly-established society is as hard-faced as the old one they have just smashed. This is why they are the most unfortunate.
Para 4.
one clod: piecemeal, little by little, gradually
at first glance
be far from
inviting: adj. appealing, attractive
glamour: charm
promise-promising adj.
exasperate v.-exasperating adj.
in short supply
remedy one's mistake/losses/the situation
available: adj. obtainable
This kind of fish can only be available in the deep ocean.
suggest: imply, prove
in a mess: disorder, chaos, turbulence
break down: crash, go bankrupt
likely adj.-possible-probable
protest against
vehemently: strongly, violently
capture: occupy
mountain range: 山脉
loom: vi. appear threateningly
unprecedented sth.: never happen or been known before
affluent: prosperous
in guise(disguise)
under the guise of friendship: under the cover of sth.
population/information/knowledge explosion
at the rate/speed/price of：以…比率/速度/价格
dwindle: diminish
dogged: determined
Q7: what are some of the new problems faced by the young people?
Racial justice, pollution, war, population explosion
Q8: what is the fourth alternative? Why does the author favor this alternative?
Try to change the world gradually.
Because it is more practical and a better cure for the world's wickedness than the other three.
二、Exercises
Exercises C 7. Though high-sounding, his speech struck everyone at the meeting as totally irrelevant to what was discussed.
Exercises D 1. The professor looked over our papers with a hasty (sight, glance).
glance：扫视 sight：普通的看
2. Before ordering their dinner, they considered the (relevant, relative) merits of chicken and roast beef.
relative：可作名词，亲戚；adj. 相对的，相比较的
relevant：be relevant to 指与…有关的，切题的，强调切题的，切中要害的 如需精美完整排版，请QQ：67460666 手机 137 8381 6366 联系
3. The little boy's constant noise (exhilarated, exasperated) his father, who was busy writing a paper for a symposium.
exhilarated：使某人兴奋，高兴
exasperated：激怒
4. Isn't it (wholesome, noisome) to live in a city with so many vehicles passing day and night?
wholesome：健康的，有益的
5. He was born in a small town (lived, inhabited) by about 500 people.
lived：vi inhabited：vt
6. Her desk was all (jumbled, cluttered) with old papers, strings, and other odds and ends.
jumble：把东西胡乱地放在一起
clutter：胡乱地塞满或覆盖着某物 sth clutter the desk
7. He thinks they are extremely (idealistic, ideal), for all their pragmatism.
8. She made one last (attraction, appeal) to her father for permission to go to the party.
Exercises F. 60年代：in the 1960s'
充满：be filled with
武装革命：armed revolution
吸毒：take drugs

Lesson Three: The Use of Force
一、Text:
force: resort to forces诉诸于武力 armed forces（武装部队）, police forces（武警）, peace-keeping forces（维和部队）
diphtheria白喉症
para.1
sick: ill, in bad condition, under the weather
para.2
startled: surprised, shocked, panic, frightened惊慌失措
merely adv. only仅仅
let sb. in/out/be让某人进/出
Q1:Because it is very damp.
Q2:Because the doctor is new to them. So they know nothing each other.
para.3
be fully dressed严实的穿着
sit on one’s lap坐在某人的大腿上
motion for sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事
bother: trouble, disturb打扰
You don’t need to trouble/bother yourself to do something.
This young child usually bothers his parents with all kinds of questions.
look things over仔细检查 physical training 体检
eye/look sb. up and down上下打量某人
it was up to me: it was my responsibility/duty
para.4
fairly: carefully, intently聚精会神地
eat me up with her eyes：用她的眼睛打量我
eat up 吃光
in appearance: se