高英第六册修辞整理.doc

高英第六册修辞整顿
Lｅsson oｎe
1 Tｈis is,　iｎ ｓｏme ways an admirable soｌｕtioｎ. 　 Ｉｒony　
2　ｏwｅver Ｍalthｕs was himｓelf not ｗitｈｏｕt a ｃertａiｎ　ｆeｌlinｇ of rｅasonａbiｌity. 　 Double ｎｅｇative 　
4 Thｅ elimｉnatioｎ oｆ thｅ poor is　natｕrｅ’s way ｏｆ improvｉng　tｈe ｒaｃe. Iｒony　
５ Ｉt has ａgain becｏmｅ a ｍａｊor　ｐhilosophｉcaｌ, liｔｅraｒy,　aｎd rｈｅtｏｒｉｃaｌ prｅoccupation， and an eｃｏnｏmicaｌｌy　not unrewaｒdiｎg　ｅnterprｉse． 　 　Ｄoubｌｅ neｇaｔiｖｅ　ｉrony
６ It　ｉｓ ｔhen argueｄ that　the　government　ｉｓ　iｎｈerｅnｔlｙ　inｃoｍpetent,　except aｓ reｇaｒds weａponｓ design anｄ prｏcuremenｔ ａnd ｔhｅ oveｒaｌl managemeｎt of the Peｎｔagon 　　　 iｒoｎy
7 Tｈｅ aｌｌegatiｏｎ of goveｒnmenｔ ｉｎcｏmpetｅnce is ａsｓｏｃiaｔeｄ in our timｅ ｗiｔh　the geneｒal　condemnａtｉｏｎ　of tｈe bｕreaｕcｒａt–again excｌudｉng thosｅ　assoｃｉated with　naｔｉoｎａl defｅnｓe.　The oｎly fｏｒm of ｄiｓcｒiminatｉｏｎ thaｔ is ｓtilｌ permissible–that is, sｔill　oｆｆiciaｌlｙ eｎcouｒaged 　 　 irony
8 　Wｈen ｔhese　aberｒaｔions have occｕrred they　have， ｏddlｙ　enouｇh，　ａlｌ bｅen　in ｔhe　Peｎtaｇoｎ. 　 Irony
.9 All thｉs wouｌd seem a conｓｉderａble achiｅveｍenｔ for incompetent aｎd otherwisｅ ineｆｆectivｅ pｅoplｅ． Ａlｌiｔeｒatioｎ
1０ Thｅ　secｏｎd ｄｅsigｎ in tｈis　greａt cｅnturies-old　trａditｉon　ｉｓ ｔo aｒgue thａｔ any form　of publｉc hｅlｐ to　the　ｐoor onlｙ hｕrts the pｏor．　　 Ｉroｎy　
１１ tｈis ｉs ｐerhａps our moｓt hiｇhｌy influential　piece　of　fiction. 　Iｒｏｎｙ　 meｔaphor
12 　Caｎ　we reaｌlｙ ｂeｌiｅve that any　cｏnsideraｂlｅ　number oｆ the ｐooｒ ｐrefｅr　welfaｒe　ｔo a　good joｂ?　Oｒ tｈat buｓineｓs peoplｅ–coｒｐoｒatｅ　executiveｓ,　 　 rhetorｉcal quｅstioｎ
13 　Agａiｎ，　eｘpｅndiｔｕre oｎ ｎaｔｉｏnal ｄｅfense is ｅxｃeｐted. Iｒoｎy　
14 Tｈis is possiｂly tｈe most tｒanｓpaｒent　oｆ ａlｌ　of tｈe deｓignｓ；
Ｉrony
15　 Frｅｅdoｍ ｗｅ ｒｉghtly ｃheriｓｈ.　Cheｒｉsｈｉｎｇ ｉt,　we sｈouｌd ｎot　use ｉt as　ａ　coｖeｒ　ｆor ｄenyｉng fｒｅｅdom　to those iｎ neｅｄ. Inｖerｓiｏｎ
16． Ｗhether they　be in Eｔhiopｉａ, thｅ Ｓouｔh　Bronx, or eｖｅｎ　iｎ　sｕcｈ ａn Ｅlｙsiｕｍ as Loｓ Angeles, 　 ironｙ
１7 　Alｌ, saｖe pｅrhａps the laｓt, aｒe ｉｎ great invenｔivｅ　dｅsceｎｔ　from　Benｔhａｍ,　　 irony
18 aｎd hiｓ colｌeaguｅs　aｒe ｃlｅaｒly iｎ a　ｎotａbｌe tｒaｄitiｏn iroｎy
19　 Sｏ are the ｐhiｌosｏpｈeｒｓ nｏw celebrateｄ iｎ Waｓhｉngtｏn： Gｅorｇe Gilｄｅr, a gｒeatly favored ｆiguｒe ｏf tｈe ｒeｃent paｓt,　 irｏｎy
20　　he is enｊoying, ａｓ　ｉndiｃated， unｐaｒalｌeled　pｏｐulaｒiｔy　in hｉgh Wａshinｇton ｃiｒｃles. 　Iroｎy

Lesson　2
１ Ｂut thesｅ mark of　wild　couｎｔｒy calleｄ to ｍy fatheｒ ｌike　ｔｈe leｇenｄary siren ｓｏng 　simｉle alｌusiｏn
2 　tｈe ｍemoｒｉeｓ ｏf ｔhｉs　trip　hａve　coｌorｅd my life. 　Flａshback
3 in　thｉs　deｅp　anｄ　rooｍ　ｂox were pａcked our campiｎg ｅqｕipment and food　sｕｐplies 　 inversion
４ onｅ　ｂig ｋeｔtle stood　uｐ ｏn　ｔhree ｌｏｎg　legs to　sit oｖeｒ a fiｒｅ　 　 　perｓoｎifｉcaｔｉon
5　its ｕnderwａtｅr grassｅs lｏoｋeｄ ｌiｋe greeｎ ｒibbons cｏnstａｎtly　unrolling　 　ｓiｍile
6 as　ａn　aｄdｅd treat papａ somｅｔｉmｅｓ　wｏuld cut ｔhe hｅａrｔ oｕt ｏf a cabbage paｌmeｔtｏ　 　simiｌｅ　
7 ｔhe buｒly　ａrms of the oakｓ wｅrｅ　huｇe with　aｎd ……….the　woods ｗere tｏssing witｈ ｊｅwｅｌｓ　　 ｓｉｍｉｌe
８ 　not ｗithｏuｔ trepｉｄａｔｉｏn, papa ｍade aｒrangｅmentｓ……. ｄouble　nｅｇａｔiｖｅ
９ １7 段最后一句 ｗas noｔ　dissimiｌａr ｔo　 ｔhe　……… ｄoｕｂｌe ｎeｇativｅ
1０ there　wａｓ the littｌe sｈacｋ, noｔ thｅ mｏst graｃious of lｉｖinｇ　ｑｕaｒters …………undeｒsｔatemenｔ
11 ｔｈerｅ was　alsｏ, aｎｄ mosｔ iｍportant, a cook ｓtｏvｅ ……peｒｉodiｃ　sｅntence　
12 20 段　　倒数第二句　 　tｈａt qｕａckeｄ us　awａke at …．.onoｍatｏｐoeiａ
１３ the　big　ｈouｓe ｉｎ　tｈｅ trees looked ｓaｆe　and sturdｙ…..alｌｉteratioｎ
1４ 　ｓuddenｌy,　somｅtime　ｔｈat sｕmmer, a ｄay came when aｌl wｏｒk ｃeaseｄ…………periｏdｉｃ　seｎtｅnｃｅ
Lesｓon　３
1. Ｔhe　human　attａck on　ｔｈe　ecosphere haｓ instｉgaｔed an ｅcologｉcal　couｎteｒａｔtack. 　 Metapｈｏr
2．．.ｔｈe aｃcidｅnｔ at Ｃｈernｏbyl ａmoｕｎtｓ　to a ｓｅrioｕs　but　loｃａl fiｒe thaｔ dｅsｔｒoyed the ｐlａｎt.　 Ａntｉ-cliｍａx
３.　But unｌike ｔhｅ conｖentioｎal　marｋeｔｐlacｅ， ｗhiｃh deals　iｎ　gｏｏds-thｉnｇs thａｔ sｅrｖe a　usefuｌ puｒpose –ｔhｉｓ scheｍｅ crｅates a marｋｅｔｐｌace in “baｄs” 　 ｐun
4.Tｈｅ ｐurｐose iｓ　less a lament　ｏver the war’ｓ nｕmerouｓ ｃａsualtｉes thａn an inqｕirｙ into ……ｍetaphor
Lｅsｓｏn　４
1． Eaｃｈ of ｔｈｅ treeｓ ｏn ｔhe ｐlaｃe had an aｔtｉtude　anｄ a presenｃe---the　elm looked　sｅrｅne and ｔhe oak thｒeatenｉng, thｅ maples　frieｎdly, tｈe ｈawtｈorn　old aｎd　crabby.　 Pｅrsｏnificatioｎ
2. They miｇht　hａve　fｏlloｗeｄ ｔｈe boys ｏｕt from　ｔｏｗｎ…．．ｓubjuncｔｉve ｍoｏd
3.　Ｈow aｌl my ｏwn terrｉtｏrｙ woulｄ be　ａlterｅd, as ｉf　a laｎｄsｉde　…．metaphｏｒ， ｓｉmile
4. Ａ coｍmｏn　ｎame， A ｓtuｐid flat－ｆaceｄ chｉld wiｔh diｒty ｂlond hair.　　　 Ellipｔiｃal sentencｅs
５….ｌeaｖｉng husbaｎｄ ａnd　ｈoｕse and　aｌｌ　the tｈiｎｇｓ　acｑuireｄ…． 　　 　aｌliteｒation
6….ａ　long　nｅcesｓary voyaｇe　fｒom ｔｈｅ house of ｍaｒriａｇｅ 　 　 metａphor
7. ….ｗas ｉt　deｌicacy　ｏr ｄiｓapproval？ 　 　 　ａllｉteｒation
8.　All tｈat ａfteｒｎoon　that ｔhe　mｅn　were　gone　I was fulｌ of hａppy　ｅnergｙ ｔｒansfｅrred epitｈet
9. Ｉ stｏｏｄ …., whｅn we weｒe　ｓoaked　aｎd ｓａfｅ and ….. 　 　 ａlliteratｉon

Lｅsson fiｖe
１. Ｈａd that beeｎ sｏ， the Indｉans, for wｈom　the radｉo was　ｅveｎ mｏre faｖorable,……ｏver　the ｓeａｓ. Ｓuｂjｕnctivｅ　mood
2． ｔeｒmed thｅ “ｈedgehｏgｓ”， wｈｏ knoｗ one biｇ tｈing,　as　ａgaｉｎst the　“foｘeｓ”, who know many smaｌl ｔｈings. metaｐｈor
3. Yeｔ ｍosｔ ｏｆ　tｈe　time Americans havｅ ｆoxilｙ mｉsｔrｕsｔｅd…
4． Ｉdeｏｌoｇｙ thus　preｓuｐｐｏses…to ｔhe ｃustoｄｙ　ｏｆ aｎ infaｌlibｌｅ　prｉesthood. 　 satiｒe
5.第１6段多处ａgainst, a uｎivｅrse parallelisｍ
6. …agaiｎｓt ｔhe ｎｏtｉon　thａｔ all ansｗeｒs ….． ｉｎ ｔｈe back ｏf　somｅ sacred boｏｋ 　 saｒcaｓm(挖苦,挖苦）
7. Ｂｕｔ iｄeoloｇｙ is a drug． meｔaphｏr
８. But the onｌy ceｒｔaｉｎty iｎ ａn　absoluｔe system is the cｅｒtaｉnty ｏf ａbｓoｌｕte　abuse．　 Ｒepｅtiｔioｎ

Lesｓon 7
1. We obｓeｒve ｔoday　not a victorｙ oｆ　thｅ party buｔ　ａ celebｒａtioｎ of　ｆreeｄom—ｓyｍｂolizing aｎ end ａs　welｌ as a beｇｉｎnｉng－--signiｆyｉng rｅnｅwal as　wｅll ａs chanｇe. 　 Repｅｔiｔion,　balanｃed　strucｔure
2.　For maｎ ｈoｌｄｓ in ｈis　ｍortal haｎｄs the poｗer　to ａｂoｌiｓｈ ａlｌ ｆormｓ of human ｐoverｔy　and all forms of　ｈuman ｌｉfe． 　 　 Ｃｏntraｓｔ
3. And　yet the ｓaｍe ｒeｖｏlutｉoｎａry　bｅliefs　foｒ whicｈ our forｅbears foｕｇht are　stｉll　ａt isｓue aroｕｎd the　globｅ--－the ｂeｌief ｃｏｍｅ　ｎoｔ　fｒom thｅ …ｂut from the hａnd of　Goｄ. Biblical lａnguage
4． Ｌet the　worlｄ gｏ forth　froｍ this　tｉme and　ｐlace, to ｆrｉends and　foe ａlｉｋe. 　Alliteｒaｔｉｏn
5….tｈat tｏｒch has　been　pasｓed　to a　new geｎeｒatiｏn　oｆ Ａmericanｓ…mｅｔaｐhor
６….oｐpose aｎy ｆoe tｏ assure　the　surｖival　ａnd thｅ sｕｃｃess oｆ liberty 　 allitｅｒaｔｉon
7. Ｕniｔｅd，　ｔｈere is litｔle wｅ ｃannｏt dｏ in a host of cｏｏperative　vｅntures. Dividｅd，　there　iｓ liｔtle we　can ｄo-－-fｏｒ ｗe darｅ nｏt mｅet a powerfｕl　ｃhalleｎgｅ…　 antiｔhｅsis
8.　６,７，8段以“to those”开头 　　repeｔitiｏn
9….ｔhose wｈｏ fｏoｌishlｙ sｏuｇhｔ powｅr　ｂy ridiｎg　tｈｅ　back ｏf tｈｅ tiger ended up　ｉnsiｄe. 　Mｅtaｐhｏｒ
1０.If a free sｏciety　cａｎ　nｏt heｌｐ the many who　arｅ poor， ｉt ｃan nｏｔ　save tｈe　fｅw who aｒe rich. Anｔiｔhｅsiｓ
11.But this ｐｅａceful revolutｉon　ｃａnnｏt　ｂecome ｔｈｅ prｅy ｏf ｈｏstｉｌe powers. Meｔaｐhｏr
1２. Aｎd　lｅt eｖｅry other ｐowｅr knｏw　that this　heｍisｐheｒe inｔｅｎdｓ to remａｉｎ the　mａｓter of its　hｏuse. 　Mｅtａphor
13…．ｏur lasｔ ｂesｔ　hoｐe havｅ ｉn an　age ｗhere　ｔhｅ instｒumenｔ of　war ｈave ｆaｒ outpaceｄ the　iｎｓtruｍentｓ of　peace. 　 Ａnｔithesis
14． For ｏnly wheｎ ｏｕr arms ａrｅ sufficient beyoｎd doubt　cａn　we be ｃｅrｔａiｎ beyoｎd dｏｕbt　tｈat thｅy will nｅvｅr ｂe emｐloyed.　 Emphａtｉc sｔructurｅ, repetｉtion
15….yet ｂｏth rａｃiｎg　tｏ aｌtｅｒ　tｈａt uncｅrtaｉｎ　……stays　ｔhe ｈａnd of mａnkｉnd’s ｆｉnaｌ　ｗar. Syneｃｄocｈｅ
16. Leｔ ｕs　never　negotiａｔe out of fear. Ｂｕt lｅｔ　uｓ never fear ｔo nｅgｏtiate. 　 Chiasｍus
１７. Leｔ　bｏｔｈ　sides ｓeｅk　to　invoｋe　thｅ wｏnders oｆ　ｓcience　insteａd　oｆ　its terrors. Ａntiｔhｅsis
18’ tｏ “ｕｎdo thｅ heavy　burdｅｎs…and leｔ the ｏppresｓed go ｆree”　 　　 bｉblｉｃaｌ　ｑuｏtatｉｏn
１9. Ａnd if　a beacｈhead of　cooperatiｏn may pusｈ bａck　tｈｅ ｊｕｎｇles oｆ　ｓuｓpiciｏn…ｍetaｐhoｒ
２0. In ｙｏur hanｄs，　my ｆelloｗ citizens, more tｈaｎ mine， wｉｌl rest…．.inｖｅrtｉｏn
21. …..ｎot ａs ａ ｃall to beaｒ ａrms, ｔhough arms we　ｎeeｄ-－－not as a cａll　ｔo battlｅ, though emｂattlｅd we are repetｉｔｉｏｎ
22. Caｎ we　forgｅ agaiｎst　theｓｅ enemies ａ grａｎd　and gloｂal alliancｅ 　　 alｌiｔｅｒation
23. –aｎd the glｏｗ fｒom that firｅ can　truly　ｌight the　worｌd． Ｍｅtaｐhor
24． Ask noｔ ｗｈａt your　ｃｏuntry cａn　do fｏｒ　you，　aｓｋ ｗｈaｔ ｙou　can do　fｏr yｏur country. Antithesis, ｒepetition
Lｅｓsｏn 9
１.Theｙ say “Aiken” aｎd you see　a　wｈｉte　buttｅrfly　glaｎce　off a fｅｎcｅ ｗitｈ　a ｔorn wｉng. Metａpｈor
２.These　sugar-ｂrown Mobile ｇirls　move through the ｓtreets withｏut a stir. They ａre　as swｅｅt and　ｐｌain　ａs buttercakｅ．　 　　Meｔａphoｒ
3．Ｔhｅ dreａdfuｌ　ｆunkiness　ｏf paｓsion, tｈｅ ｆunkiness ｏf nａtｕre,　thｅ ｆunｋiｎｅss of tｈｅ wide range of humａn　emotioｎs. 　　　 Ｉｒony， ｒｅpetitiｏn
4.They woｒry， ｗorry, ｗｏrry aboｕt tｈe edges oｆ　ｔｈeｉr　ｈair． Rｅpetiｔion　
5.What they　dｏ nｏｔ　kｎow is thaｔ　this plａin　brown ｇｉｒl wiｌｌ ｂuiｌd hｅr ｎest ｓtｉｃk　by　ｓｔｉｃk， maｋe it heｒ own iｎｖiolabｌｅ　ｗｏｒld, anｄ ｓtanｄ gｕaｒd oｖｅr ｉts everｙ plant… 　 　　metaｐhoｒ
６．Eｙes tｈat　qｕestioned nothｉng and　asｋed ｅverythｉｎg.　　 Aｎｔithesis
7.Pｅcｏｌa backｅｄ ｏut　of the rooｍ， ｓtaｒinｇ ａt the pretｔｙ　milｋ-ｂrｏｗn lady ｉn　the ｐreｔtｙ gｏlｄ-and-greeｎ house who　waｓ　tａlｋing　ｔo ｈeｒ ｔhroｕgｈ　the ｃａｔ’s ｆur.　 　 　Ironｙ
疑问:
老师，下面几种我们不拟定与否对旳，老师帮忙看一下吧。
1.Occasionａｌly a　ｂｌａｃksmｉｔh’s sheｄ　wouｌｄ ａdjoｉn ｔhe ｓｔｏｒe, so Daｖe, our big bay horse, was ｋept ｉn　ｃomfoｒtable　sｈoes…．personification?？？ 这个不是十分典型,只是从孩子旳视角用孩子熟悉旳词汇来描述不熟悉旳事物,可以忽视不计。
2． as an　ａddｅd　ｔｒeat paｐａ ｓometimes ｗouｌd cut　thｅ　hｅaｒｔ out of　a cabbage palmetto　 　 ｐerｓonificatioｎ?？?　同上
３. it haｄ　rained, ａｎd ｗateｒ stood ｉｎ little　bａsｉns ｗｈere the　sｈｅｌl ｓoiｌ ｈｅlｄ it. 　 ｐeｒｓoniｆｉｃatiｏn???　同上
4． one acceptｅd the rｅsult might　ｂe ｓａdlｙ ｕnplｅasａnt　for　ｔｈe　many wｈoｓe happinｅｓs was not serveｄ． 哈，这个我也记不清了,手头没有课本了,会面讨论。
5. Ｍurray　is tｈe　voｉce ｏｆ Spencer in oｕr time. Aｎtｏｎｏmaｓia
It　iｓ thｅn ａrgｕed thaｔ the government ｉs　inｈｅrently　incｏmpetent，　exｃｅpt　ａs ｒegards　ｗeapons design　aｎd ｐroｃuremenｔ and　ｔhe ovｅｒalｌ ｍanageｍｅnt　of ｔｈe　Pｅｎtａｇon 　mytonyｍy

不错，不错，这个真不错,可以永久保存，辛苦你们了。祝一切顺利。等我拿到课本后再具体核对,如尚有漏掉或不精确旳地方,再给你们发邮件。