非开挖技术的介绍.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY 非开挖技术的介绍By Samuel T.Ariaratnam,Ph.D.,P.E.Arizona State University,USATraditional Methods 传统的方法First suited for“gre enfield”适用于未发展区域Low tech little change over past 50 yrs.技术含量低，近50年没有多大改进Level of planning&implementation basic 对计划与实施手段的要求低“Non-greenfield”surface disruptions,underground utilities 在市区施工，对地面上的物景产生损坏，对地下的管网产生威胁Trenchless Technologies 无开挖技术Thrust Boring&Pipe Jacking(pre-1900s)顶管法Auger Boring(1940)螺旋钻进法Impact Moling(1962)冲击矛法Directional Drilling(1971)水平定向钻进法Impact Ramming(1980)夯管法Pipe Bursting(1980s)爆(裂)管法Definition ofTrenchless Technologies 无开挖技术的定义“A family of methods,materials,and equipment A family of methods,materials,and equipment capable of being used for the installation of new or capable of being used for the installation of new or replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic,infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic,business,and other activities.”business,and other activities.”无开挖技术就是采用各种方法，材料，设备来铺设，更换或修复地下公用设施而能做到最小限度地扰民碍市-North American Society for Trenchless Technology 北美无开挖技术协会Why Trenchless?为什么要无开挖？为什么要无开挖？Minimal disruption of traffic Minimal disruption of traffic 最小的交通干扰最小的交通干扰 Year round constructionYear round construction 全年可以施工全年可以施工 Improved safety Improved safety 安全性改善安全性改善 Reduced landscape damage Reduced landscape damage 减少对周围物景的损坏减少对周围物景的损坏 Minimal disturbance to local Minimal disturbance to local business business 对周围的商业环境影响少对周围的商业环境影响少 Improved construction Improved construction productivity productivity 改善施工的效率改善施工的效率 Can access otherwise inaccessible Can access otherwise inaccessible areas areas 在难以进入的区域也可施工在难以进入的区域也可施工Costs of Open Cut Pipe Replacement 开沟更换管道的成本开沟更换管道的成本Pavement saw-cutting 开凿路面Excavation 挖沟Trucking spoil and dump fees 运土费和倒土费用Backfill and transport 回填和运输费用Compaction 压实Concrete or asphalt 重铺水泥和沥青 Traffic control交通管制New Construction Techniques 新技术新技术新技术新技术Pipe Bursting Pipe Bursting 爆爆爆爆(裂裂裂裂)管法管法管法管法MicrotunnelingMicrotunneling 微型隧道法微型隧道法微型隧道法微型隧道法Auger BoringAuger Boring螺旋钻进法螺旋钻进法螺旋钻进法螺旋钻进法Pipe Jacking Pipe Jacking 顶管法顶管法顶管法顶管法H.D.D.H.D.D.水平定向钻进法水平定向钻进法水平定向钻进法水平定向钻进法Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法Lengths of 15-1800 m 施工长度：151800米Diameters of 25-1200 mm 管径251200毫米Applications:应用utility conduits 市政工程Pipelines 管道设施gravity sewers 下水管道force mains 压力管道horizontal remediation wells 治理污染的水平管群geotechnical investigations地质调查HDD Process 水平定向钻进过程HDD Process 水平钻进定进过程Pipe Bursting 爆(裂)管法 Lengths of 100-900 m Lengths of 100-900 m 施工长度：施工长度：100100900900米米 Diameters of 75-1060 mm Diameters of 75-1060 mm 管道直径：管道直径：707010601060毫米毫米 Applications:Applications:应用应用 replacement of force mains replacement of force mains 压力管的更换压力管的更换 replacement of gravity sewers replacement of gravity sewers 下水道的更换下水道的更换Static Head Static Head 固定式裂管头固定式裂管头固定式裂管头固定式裂管头Pneumatic Head Pneumatic Head 气动式裂管头气动式裂管头气动式裂管头气动式裂管头Hydraulic Head Hydraulic Head 液压式裂管头液压式裂管头液压式裂管头液压式裂管头Pipe Bursting Process(Static)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)Pipe Bursting Process(Static Cont.)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)续Pipe Bursting Process(Pneumatic)爆管法的过程（气动工法)Microtunneling 微型隧道法微型隧道法 Lengths of 25-225 m Lengths of 25-225 m 施工长度：施工长度：2525225225米米 Diameters of 250-3050 mm Diameters of 250-3050 mm 管径：管径：25025030503050毫米毫米 Applications:Applications:应用应用 gravity sewer installationsgravity sewer installations 下水管道的安装Microtunneling Process 微型隧道法施工过程微型隧道法施工过程Pipe Jacking 顶管法Lengths of up to 490 m have been achieved 施工长度可达490米Diameters of 1060-3050 mm 管径介于10603050毫米Applications:应用large diameter gravity sewers and force mains 大型下水管道和压力管道Pipe Jacking Process 顶管法施工过程Auger Boring 螺旋横钻孔机螺旋横钻孔机Lengths of 12-150 m 施工长度：12150米Diameters of 200-1500 mm 管径：2001500毫米Applications:应用relatively short crossings of pipes and conduits 短距离的管道施工Rehabilitation Techniques 管道修复技术管道修复技术Robotic Spot Repair Robotic Spot Repair 机器人现场修复机器人现场修复机器人现场修复机器人现场修复Pipe Scanning&Eval.Pipe Scanning&Eval.管道扫描和评估管道扫描和评估管道扫描和评估管道扫描和评估Lining of Pipe Lining of Pipe 内衬法内衬法内衬法内衬法Lining of Pipe 内衬法内衬法 Lengths of up to 1000 m Lengths of up to 1000 m 施工长度可达施工长度可达10001000米米 Diameters of 100-1500 mm Diameters of 100-1500 mm 管径介于管径介于10010015001500毫米毫米 Cost varies by method Cost varies by method 成本因方法而异成本因方法而异 Applications:Applications:应用应用 relining of water,sewer,relining of water,sewer,and natural gas lines and natural gas lines 供水管，下水管和天然供水管，下水管和天然气管道的内衬气管道的内衬Lining of Pipe 内衬法内衬法Cured-In-Place Cured-In-Place 软衬法软衬法软衬法软衬法Fold and Form Fold and Form 折叠内衬法折叠内衬法折叠内衬法折叠内衬法Segmental Sliplining Segmental Sliplining 分段插管法分段插管法分段插管法分段插管法CIPP Lining of Pipe 软衬法Robotic Spot Repair 机器人现场修复(Internal/External Grouting)内部/外部注浆Applications:Applications:应用应用 -Repair of sewer/water/product lines whereRepair of sewer/water/product lines where “localized”structural enhancement is required “localized”structural enhancement is required 修复位于地层局部结构复杂的下水管，供水管和其它管道修复位于地层局部结构复杂的下水管，供水管和其它管道Pipe Scanning&Evaluation 管道扫描和评估 Methods include:Methods include:方法有：方法有：方法有：方法有：Closed-circuit television Closed-circuit television(CCTV)(CCTV)闭路电视闭路电视 Radar Radar 雷达雷达 Sonar Sonar 声纳声纳 Eddy currents Eddy currents 涡流涡流 Applications:Applications:应用应用应用应用 inspection of infrastructure inspection of infrastructure systems to gain a“snap-systems to gain a“snap-shot”of pipe condition shot”of pipe condition 检查基础管道设施的状况检查基础管道设施的状况Sewer Scanning&Evaluation Technology(SSET)下水管道扫描和评估技术TWO CASE HISTORIES 两个例子Pipe Bursting 爆管法Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法Pipe Bursting of the Millstone Sanitary Trunk Sewer 爆管法的里程碑Alternatives 方案比较方案比较Parallel the existing gravity trunk sewer with a new gravity trunk sewer 将新下水管与旧下水管平行安放Construct a series of 5 new pumping stations and pump to adjacent sewerage area 需要设置5个新泵站，把污水泵送到邻近排污系统Parallel Trunk Sewer 平行管道方案平行管道方案平行管道方案平行管道方案Advantages 优点Maintains gravity flow 维持重力流动Disadvantages 缺点Construction in silty sand to clayey material 3 to 6 metres deep with high groundwater in close proximity to Millstone River,a highly sensitive Coho salmon habitat stream.在3-6米的粘沙土层施工难度大；地下水位高；会影响三文鱼栖息地的生态Additional right-of-way would be required 需要额外的管位Cost Estimated at$5.1 million 成本估算约5.1百万美元Pumped Option 泵站方案泵站方案Advantages 优点Minimizes environmental impacts as pump stations and forcemains for the most part would be constructed in existing right-of-ways.对环境扰动小Disadvantages 缺点Added undesirable long term operational costs to the City of Nanaimo 给这个城市增加了一些额外的长期营运成本Cost Estimated at$5.2 million 成本估算约5.2百万美元 Pipe Bursting Researched as a Possible Alternative 爆管法作为可能的另一选择爆管法作为可能的另一选择Advantages 优点Less environmental impact as excavation is minimized 由于极少动土，对环境影响小Gravity flow maintained 保持重力流动No additional right-of-ways required无需额外的管位No long term operational and maintenance costs associated with pump stations 无需象泵站方案那样需要长期的营运和维护成本More cost effective than alternatives 最经济的工法Disadvantages 缺点缺点Upsize required at the upper limit of PB technology in North America;however,there had been limited success 扩径要求已达北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的实例Lengths 100m to 175m 长度为100米 至175米Limited availability of contractors in North America with capability to perform upsize of this nature 能做这样的扩径工程的承包商有限Project Approach 项目过程项目过程项目过程项目过程Pre-qualification of contractors throughout North America 对北美的工程商进行资格审核Contract Undertaken In Two Stages 合同分两步Demonstration section consisting of 570m length 570米的演示工程Remaining 3350m would be awarded upon successful completion of demonstration section 剩余的3350米将授与演示成功者Contract awarded to Terraco Excavating Ltd.for$3.9 million 合同授与T.E.公司。工价3.9百万美元Research undertaken with NRC-IRAP and the University of Alberta 研究工作由 NRC-IRAP and the University of Alberta 承担Demonstration Section 演示部分演示部分Ability to burst project lengths(100m to 175m)能施工100 至175 米的长度Ability to burst pipe couplings 能裂管接头Ability to burst concrete encasement 能裂混凝土包封Although some difficulties encountered,remaining project was subsequently awarded 尽管遇到一些困难，项目最后获得通过。350mm(14”)750mm(30”)650mm(26”)AWARDED FORTHE MOST NOTABLETECHNICAL ADVANCEOR ACHIEVEMENT INTRENCHLESSTECHNOLOGYTHE CITY OF NANAIMO“PIPE BURSTING OF THE MILLSTONESANITARY SEWER TRUNK”Bill Sims,Project ManagerJack Lee,Dayton&Knight LtdTerry Peters,Terraco Trenchless Technologies LtdINTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGYNO DIG 99 AWARDLEVEL 3 FIBER OPTICS 定向钻在美国信息高速网路上的应用 QUESTIONS?有问题吗？